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Six Sigma - Quiz
Contributed by: Woolley
  • 1. According to John Dodge, is the use of Six Sigma appropriate in a research environment?
A) No
B) Yes
C) Only in basic research
D) Only for pure research
  • 2. What does John Dodge state that Six Sigma's intense focus on reducing variability does to the discovery process?
A) Speeds it up
B) Improves it
C) Enhances it
D) Waters it down
  • 3. According to John Dodge, what side of discovery is stifled under Six Sigma?
A) The commercial side
B) The analytical side
C) The serendipitous side
D) The documented side
  • 4. What nature of brainstorming does John Dodge say is stifled under Six Sigma?
A) Measured
B) Metric-driven
C) Structured
D) Free-wheeling
  • 5. According to John Dodge, where does Six Sigma work best?
A) Incremental innovation when there's an expressed commercial goal
B) Unstructured brainstorming environments
C) Pure basic research
D) Blue skies research projects
  • 6. Whose introduction of Six Sigma at 3M had the effect of stifling creativity?
A) James McNerney's
B) Andy Neely's
C) John Dodge's
D) Yasar Jarrar's
  • 7. What publication reported the removal of Six Sigma from 3M's research function?
A) Cranfield School report
B) BusinessWeek
C) Design News
D) Going Lean
  • 8. Which school's professors are cited as saying Six Sigma leads to incremental innovation at the expense of blue skies research?
A) Stanford Graduate School
B) Wharton School
C) Harvard Business School
D) Cranfield School of Management
  • 9. What book explores the phenomenon of Six Sigma leading to incremental innovation at the expense of blue skies research?
A) BusinessWeek
B) Six Sigma Success
C) Design News
D) Going Lean
  • 10. According to the book Going Lean, what approach is described as related to Six Sigma?
A) Lean dynamics
B) Blue skies research
C) Free-wheeling brainstorming
D) Academic rigor
  • 11. What did data in the book Going Lean show about Ford's 6 Sigma program?
A) It eliminated all variability
B) It did little to change its fortunes
C) It enhanced blue skies research
D) It greatly increased commercial success
  • 12. Who criticized Six Sigma for potentially unduly dominating an organization's culture?
A) John Dodge and James McNerney
B) Latzko and Ford
C) Yasar Jarrar and Andy Neely
D) BusinessWeek editors
  • 13. What does much of the Six Sigma literature lack, according to Jarrar and Neely?
A) Academic rigor
B) Commercial goals
C) Case studies from GE
D) Website illustrations
  • 14. What is presented as the strongest evidence for Six Sigma's success?
A) Academic peer-reviewed journals
B) Government statistics
C) Documented case studies
D) Engineered metric reports
  • 15. Apart from leading organizations like GE and Motorola, how are most Six Sigma case studies illustrated?
A) In academic textbooks
B) On websites
C) In government archives
D) In peer-reviewed journals
  • 16. How are most documented cases of Six Sigma described aside from those from GE and Motorola?
A) Extremely rigorous
B) Systemic
C) Empirically proven
D) Sketchy
  • 17. What do the majority of website-illustrated case studies fail to mention?
A) The commercial goal
B) The date of implementation
C) Specific Six Sigma methods that were used
D) The name of the company involved
  • 18. According to Latzko (1995), what does management rely on that lulls them into the idea that something is being done about quality?
A) Lean dynamics
B) Academic rigor
C) Blue skies research
D) Six Sigma criteria
  • 19. According to Latzko (1995), when management relies on Six Sigma criteria, any resulting improvement is considered what?
A) Guaranteed
B) Systemic
C) Empirical
D) Accidental
  • 20. Who puts forward most of the evidence for Six Sigma's success?
A) Cranfield School faculty
B) Consultants and people with vested interests
C) Wharton School professors
D) Independent academic researchers
  • 21. Instead of making true improvements with Six Sigma, what does the text suggest people might just be getting skilled at?
A) Telling stories
B) Brainstorming freely
C) Conducting pure research
D) Reducing variability
  • 22. Achieving sustained quality improvement requires commitment from whom?
A) External consultants exclusively
B) Only the entry-level manufacturing staff
C) The entire organization, particularly top-level management
D) The customer base alone
  • 23. What did lean management and Six Sigma both get influenced by?
A) Nineteenth-century railway operations
B) Japanese business culture
C) Medieval guild practices
D) Ancient agricultural traditions
  • 24. Whose responsibility is it to prioritize areas of improvement?
A) Management of the organization
B) Suppliers of raw materials
C) External auditors
D) Regulatory government bodies
  • 25. Which thinker inspired the project methodologies used in Six Sigma?
A) W. Edwards Deming
B) Frederick Winslow Taylor
C) Max Weber
D) Henry Ford
  • 26. Which cycle inspired Six Sigma project methodologies?
A) Analyze-Design-Deploy Cycle
B) Plan-Do-Study-Act Cycle
C) Forecast-Execute-Review Cycle
D) Design-Build-Test-Release Cycle
  • 27. How many phases do Six Sigma project methodologies have?
A) Three phases
B) Seven phases
C) Ten phases
D) Five phases
  • 28. What is DMADV used for?
A) Routine financial auditing
B) Improving existing business processes
C) Projects aimed at creating new product or process designs
D) Daily customer support operations
  • 29. What is the first phase of the standard DMAIC methodology?
A) Improve
B) Define
C) Analyze
D) Measure
  • 30. What is the second phase of the standard DMAIC methodology?
A) Define
B) Control
C) Measure
D) Improve
  • 31. What is the third phase of the standard DMAIC methodology?
A) Define
B) Measure
C) Analyze
D) Control
  • 32. What is the fourth phase of the standard DMAIC methodology?
A) Define
B) Improve
C) Analyze
D) Control
  • 33. What is the fifth phase of the standard DMAIC methodology?
A) Control
B) Analyze
C) Measure
D) Improve
  • 34. During the Measure phase of DMAIC, what is calculated?
A) The executive compensation package
B) The ultimate financial return on investment
C) The 'as-is' process capability
D) The future state defect rate
  • 35. What is another term for mistake proofing used in the Improve phase?
A) Kanban
B) Poka yoke
C) Kaizen
D) Andon
  • 36. What is set up during the Improve phase to establish process capability?
A) Initial brainstorming sessions
B) Long-term visual workplaces
C) Pilot runs
D) Customer feedback forms
  • 37. What is the purpose of the Control phase in DMAIC?
A) Calculate the 'as-is' process capability
B) Identify the voice of the customer
C) Investigate cause and effect relationships
D) Ensure any deviations from the target are corrected before they result in defects
  • 38. How long is the DMAIC process repeated?
A) Until the budget is completely exhausted
B) Until management decides to cancel all projects
C) Only for exactly one week
D) Until the desired quality level is obtained
  • 39. What step do some organizations add to the beginning of DMAIC?
A) Terminate
B) Ignore
C) Outsource
D) Recognize
  • 40. What acronym is formed when the Recognize step is added to DMAIC?
A) DMADV
B) DPMO
C) PDSA
D) RDMAIC
  • 41. Who introduced Six Sigma?
A) Bill Smith
B) Jack Welch
C) Henry Ford
D) Frederick Taylor
  • 42. At which company was Six Sigma introduced?
A) Motorola
B) General Electric
C) Honeywell
D) Toyota
  • 43. In what year was Six Sigma introduced?
A) 2005
B) 1991
C) 1986
D) 1995
  • 44. What does Six Sigma aim to minimize in manufacturing and business processes?
A) Technology
B) Variability
C) Productivity
D) Innovation
  • 45. When did Motorola register Six Sigma as a service mark?
A) December 28, 1993
B) June 11, 1991
C) October 15, 1995
D) January 1, 1986
  • 46. When did Motorola register Six Sigma as a trademark?
A) June 11, 1991
B) July 4, 1998
C) December 28, 1993
D) November 20, 2005
  • 47. How much in savings did Motorola attribute to Six Sigma by 2005?
A) Over $350 million
B) Over $1 billion
C) Over $17 billion
D) Over $50 million
  • 48. Which company was an early adopter of Six Sigma along with Motorola?
A) Honeywell
B) Toyota
C) Microsoft
D) Apple
  • 49. Which company made Six Sigma central to its business strategy in 1995?
A) General Electric
B) Honeywell
C) Ford
D) Motorola
  • 50. Who was the CEO of General Electric in 1995 who championed Six Sigma?
A) Elon Musk
B) Jeff Bezos
C) Bill Smith
D) Jack Welch
  • 51. How much in cost savings did General Electric announce in 1998 thanks to Six Sigma?
A) $350 million
B) $10 million
C) $5 billion
D) $17 billion
  • 52. Approximately what fraction of Fortune 500 organizations had begun Six Sigma initiatives by the late 1990s?
A) All of them
B) About two thirds
C) About one tenth
D) About one quarter
  • 53. In what year was the ISO standard defining a Six Sigma process published?
A) 1993
B) 2005
C) 1986
D) 2011
  • 54. What profession did Bill Smith have?
A) Human resources specialist
B) Sales manager
C) Accountant
D) Engineer
  • 55. What did GE's cost savings from Six Sigma eventually grow to exceed?
A) $17 billion
B) $100 million
C) $1 billion
D) $500 million
  • 56. What is the abbreviation for defects per million opportunities?
A) SDO
B) DPMO
C) DPM
D) FPMO
  • 57. Who explained the ± 1.5 sigma shift?
A) Bill Smith
B) W. Edwards Deming
C) Mikel Harry
D) Kaoru Ishikawa
  • 58. What Greek letter represents the mean?
A) θ (theta)
B) σ (sigma)
C) μ (mu)
D) λ (lambda)
  • 59. What distribution was proposed in 2004 as suitable for non-normal process data?
A) The binomial distribution
B) The generalized lambda distribution
C) The Poisson distribution
D) The standard normal distribution
  • 60. In the DMADV methodology, what does the letter 'C' in CTQ stand for?
A) Capable
B) Customer
C) Consistent
D) Critical
  • 61. What system does Six Sigma's elite ranking terminology resemble?
A) Military ranking structures
B) Corporate board designations
C) Academic degree hierarchies
D) Martial arts systems like judo
  • 62. Who draws Champions from upper management?
A) Executive Leadership
B) Master Black Belts
C) Black Belts
D) The CEO alone
  • 63. Whose mentors are the Champions?
A) Green Belts
B) Black Belts
C) Executive Leadership
D) Master Black Belts
  • 64. Who identifies Master Black Belts?
A) Black Belts
B) Champions
C) Executive Leadership
D) The CEO
  • 65. Who acts as in-house coaches on Six Sigma and devotes all of their time to it?
A) Master Black Belts
B) Yellow Belts
C) Green Belts
D) Executive Leadership
  • 66. Which practitioners take up Six Sigma implementation along with their other job responsibilities?
A) Champions
B) Master Black Belts
C) Black Belts
D) Green Belts
  • 67. What belt color is used for employees with basic training in Six Sigma tools who generally participate in projects?
A) Orange belt
B) Green belt
C) White belt
D) Yellow belt
  • 68. Which belt is used for those locally trained in the concepts who do NOT participate in the project team?
A) Green belt
B) White belt
C) Yellow belt
D) Orange belt
  • 69. Which belt is mentioned to be used for special cases?
A) Yellow belt
B) Green belt
C) White belt
D) Orange belt
  • 70. In what decade did many organizations start offering Six Sigma certifications to their employees?
A) The 1990s
B) The 1970s
C) The 2000s
D) The 1980s
  • 71. How do processes generally perform in the long term compared to the short term, according to experience?
A) Identically
B) Not as well
C) Better
D) More predictably
  • 72. What term did Mikel Harry use to describe his method of stacking discs?
A) Sigma-shifting
B) Stack-tuning
C) Harrying
D) Benderizing
  • 73. According to Mikel Harry's idea, how often do all processes shift 1.5 sigma?
A) Every 10 samples
B) Every 100 samples
C) Every 50 samples
D) Every 1000 samples
  • 74. How many defective parts per million opportunities (DPMO) does a widely accepted 6 sigma process produce?
A) 3.4
B) 6.0
C) 4.5
D) 1.5
  • 75. What do the figures in the provided table assume regarding specification limits?
A) A one-sided specification limit
B) No specification limits
C) A two-sided specification limit
D) Symmetric specification limits
  • 76. What is the short-term Cpk value mentioned for 1 sigma before the shift?
A) 0.33
B) 0.50
C) 1.00
D) -0.17
  • 77. In what type of organizations does Six Sigma mostly find application?
A) Small organizations
B) Non-profit organizations
C) Government agencies only
D) Large organizations
  • 78. According to Thomas Pyzdek and John Kullmann, companies with how many employees are less suited to standard Six Sigma?
A) More than 1,000
B) More than 500
C) Fewer than 500
D) Fewer than 100
  • 79. Can small to mid-size organizations successfully use Six Sigma tools and techniques?
A) Only if they hire consultants
B) Only if they have black belts
C) No
D) Yes
  • 80. Construction waste was reduced by what percentage at Tianjin Xianyi Construction Technology?
A) 26.2%
B) 10.4%
C) 24%
D) 67%
  • 81. By what percentage did Bank of America decrease customer issues using Six Sigma?
A) 26.2%
B) 10.4%
C) 24%
D) 67%
  • 82. Which financial company eliminated non-received renewal credit cards using Six Sigma?
A) American Express
B) GE Capital
C) JPMorgan Chase
D) Bank of America
  • 83. What variation did Six Sigma help reduce in financial institutions?
A) Initial investment
B) Collector performance
C) Construction time
D) Customer satisfaction
  • 84. How does Six Sigma ensure quality control in the supply chain?
A) By increasing the number of suppliers
B) By reducing delivery times
C) By lowering quality standards
D) By changing the schematic diagram for the supply chain
  • 85. By how much was patients' preparation time reduced in multiple cases at the MD Anderson Cancer Center?
A) 10 minutes
B) 20 minutes
C) 60 minutes
D) 40 minutes
  • 86. When was Lean Six Sigma adopted at Stanford hospitals?
A) 2002
B) 2003
C) 1995
D) 2010
  • 87. When was Lean Six Sigma introduced at Red Cross hospitals?
A) 2003
B) 2002
C) 1995
D) 2010
  • 88. How many common failure factors were found in academic literature from 56 papers between 1995 and 2013?
A) 56
B) 100
C) 10
D) 34
  • 89. Who described Six Sigma as "a basic version of quality improvement" with "nothing new there"?
A) Stanford researchers
B) Philip B. Crosby
C) Joseph M. Juran
D) The Wall Street Journal
  • 90. According to Joseph M. Juran, what did the American Society for Quality long ago establish certificates for?
A) Reliability engineers
B) Supply chain managers
C) Healthcare administrators
D) Six Sigma Black Belts
  • 91. Who stated that the Six Sigma standard does not go far enough and permits all microchips to be defective?
A) The Red Cross
B) MD Anderson Cancer Center
C) Philip B. Crosby
D) Joseph M. Juran
  • 92. According to a Fortune article, what percentage of 58 large companies with Six Sigma programs trailed the S&P 500?
A) 50%
B) 91%
C) 100%
D) 58%
  • 93. Who was the analysis cited in the Fortune article attributed to?
A) Charles Holland
B) An anonymous CEO
C) Donald J. Wheeler
D) A Fortune journalist
  • 94. Which consulting firm does Charles Holland work for?
A) Process Dynamics
B) Six Sigma Institute
C) S&P Global
D) Qualpro
  • 95. In Six Sigma, more attention is typically paid to reducing variation and searching for what?
A) Double-loop learning
B) Workforce creativity
C) Disruptive technologies
D) Significant factors
  • 96. What is paid less attention to, which could altogether eliminate the need for reducing variation?
A) Developing robustness
B) Significance testing
C) Exploratory model building
D) P-value calculations
  • 97. Which oft-mentioned theory seems to be flawed if looked at in detail?
A) S&P 500 trailing theory
B) Double-loop learning
C) Transfer Function
D) Qualpro improvement process
  • 98. Which publication featured a 2006 article critical of Six Sigma's single paradigmatic orientation?
A) Statistical Science Review
B) USA Army Logistician
C) Fortune magazine
D) Qualpro Journal of Quality
  • 99. Who dismissed the 1.5 sigma shift as goofy because of its arbitrary nature?
A) An unnamed Fortune analyst
B) Charles Holland
C) A USA Army Logistician writer
D) Donald J. Wheeler
  • 100. What has the fact that a '6 sigma' process has a 4.5 sigma long-term defect rate led several commentators to call Six Sigma?
A) A complete double-loop learning tool
B) A flawless statistical model
C) A disruptive technology
D) A confidence trick
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