- 1. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion, authored by social psychologist Jonathan Haidt, explores the intricate interplay of morality, politics, and human behavior. Haidt argues that human moral reasoning is often driven by intuitive responses rather than logical deliberation, leading to deep divisions in political beliefs and religious practices. He introduces the concept of moral foundations theory, which identifies several innate psychological systems that shape our moral reasoning, including care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and sanctity. The book delves into the psychological underpinnings of why individuals from different cultural and ideological backgrounds often view the same issues through vastly different lenses, fostering misunderstanding and conflict. By examining the roots of moral reasoning across various societies and cultures, Haidt encourages readers to appreciate the diversity of moral perspectives and to engage in open, empathetic dialogue with those whom they might disagree. Ultimately, The Righteous Mind serves as both a compelling investigation into human nature and a call for increased understanding and cooperation in an increasingly polarized world.
What is the primary role of reasoning, according to Haidt's social intuitionist model?
A) To control emotions
B) To justify intuitions to others
C) To discover objective truth
D) To make logical decisions
- 2. How many moral foundations does Haidt propose in his Moral Foundations Theory?
A) Three
B) Seven
C) Five
D) Six
- 3. According to Haidt, what is the primary function of morality?
A) To enforce religious doctrine
B) To bind groups together
C) To promote individual happiness
D) To maximize utility
- 4. Which moral foundation is concerned with group loyalty and patriotism?
A) Authority/subversion
B) Loyalty/betrayal
C) Fairness/cheating
D) Care/harm
- 5. Which moral foundation involves respect for tradition and legitimate authority?
A) Loyalty/betrayal
B) Authority/subversion
C) Sanctity/degradation
D) Fairness/cheating
- 6. What is the 'first principle' of moral psychology according to Haidt?
A) All moral judgments are culturally determined
B) Reasoning comes first, emotions second
C) Intuitions come first, strategic reasoning second
D) Morality is based on self-interest
- 7. What does Haidt mean by 'gene-culture coevolution'?
A) Genes completely determine culture
B) Genes and culture evolve together
C) Culture determines genetic expression
D) Culture can override genetic predispositions
- 8. Which moral foundation is most concerned with protecting the vulnerable from harm?
A) Fairness/cheating
B) Care/harm
C) Loyalty/betrayal
D) Authority/subversion
- 9. What is the 'third principle' of moral psychology according to Haidt?
A) Culture creates morality
B) Emotions cloud moral judgment
C) Morality binds and blinds
D) Reasoning determines moral judgments
- 10. Which moral foundation involves concerns about oppression and unequal treatment?
A) Authority/subversion
B) Fairness/cheating
C) Loyalty/betrayal
D) Care/harm
- 11. What does Haidt suggest about the origins of morality?
A) It is purely cultural
B) It comes from divine revelation
C) It evolved through group selection
D) It is entirely learned
- 12. Which moral foundation is most associated with concerns about purity and sanctity?
A) Care/harm
B) Authority/subversion
C) Sanctity/degradation
D) Loyalty/betrayal
- 13. What is the sixth moral foundation that Haidt added to the original five?
A) Honesty/deception
B) Wisdom/folly
C) Liberty/oppression
D) Courage/cowardice
- 14. What does WEIRD stand for in Haidt's critique of psychology research?
A) Wealthy, Educated, Individualistic, Rational, Democratic
B) White, European, Intelligent, Religious, Democratic
C) Western, Elite, Intellectual, Rational, Developed
D) Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic
- 15. What does Haidt argue about moral diversity across cultures?
A) Western morality is superior to others
B) Different cultures emphasize different moral foundations
C) All cultures share identical moral values
D) Moral values are completely relative
- 16. What does Haidt mean by 'moral capital'?
A) Resources that sustain moral communities
B) Individual moral virtue
C) Financial resources for moral causes
D) Political influence of moral leaders
- 17. What does Haidt suggest is necessary for moral understanding across political divides?
A) Focusing only on harm prevention
B) Proving one side is morally correct
C) Recognizing the validity of different moral foundations
D) Abandoning all moral foundations
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