- 1. The Righteous Mind: Why Good People Are Divided by Politics and Religion, authored by social psychologist Jonathan Haidt, explores the intricate interplay of morality, politics, and human behavior. Haidt argues that human moral reasoning is often driven by intuitive responses rather than logical deliberation, leading to deep divisions in political beliefs and religious practices. He introduces the concept of moral foundations theory, which identifies several innate psychological systems that shape our moral reasoning, including care, fairness, loyalty, authority, and sanctity. The book delves into the psychological underpinnings of why individuals from different cultural and ideological backgrounds often view the same issues through vastly different lenses, fostering misunderstanding and conflict. By examining the roots of moral reasoning across various societies and cultures, Haidt encourages readers to appreciate the diversity of moral perspectives and to engage in open, empathetic dialogue with those whom they might disagree. Ultimately, The Righteous Mind serves as both a compelling investigation into human nature and a call for increased understanding and cooperation in an increasingly polarized world.
What is the primary role of reasoning, according to Haidt's social intuitionist model?
A) To make logical decisions
B) To discover objective truth
C) To control emotions
D) To justify intuitions to others
- 2. How many moral foundations does Haidt propose in his Moral Foundations Theory?
A) Six
B) Five
C) Seven
D) Three
- 3. According to Haidt, what is the primary function of morality?
A) To enforce religious doctrine
B) To maximize utility
C) To bind groups together
D) To promote individual happiness
- 4. Which moral foundation is concerned with group loyalty and patriotism?
A) Authority/subversion
B) Care/harm
C) Loyalty/betrayal
D) Fairness/cheating
- 5. Which moral foundation involves respect for tradition and legitimate authority?
A) Loyalty/betrayal
B) Authority/subversion
C) Sanctity/degradation
D) Fairness/cheating
- 6. What is the 'first principle' of moral psychology according to Haidt?
A) Reasoning comes first, emotions second
B) Morality is based on self-interest
C) Intuitions come first, strategic reasoning second
D) All moral judgments are culturally determined
- 7. What does Haidt mean by 'gene-culture coevolution'?
A) Culture can override genetic predispositions
B) Culture determines genetic expression
C) Genes and culture evolve together
D) Genes completely determine culture
- 8. Which moral foundation is most concerned with protecting the vulnerable from harm?
A) Authority/subversion
B) Fairness/cheating
C) Loyalty/betrayal
D) Care/harm
- 9. What is the 'third principle' of moral psychology according to Haidt?
A) Reasoning determines moral judgments
B) Culture creates morality
C) Emotions cloud moral judgment
D) Morality binds and blinds
- 10. Which moral foundation involves concerns about oppression and unequal treatment?
A) Care/harm
B) Authority/subversion
C) Loyalty/betrayal
D) Fairness/cheating
- 11. What does Haidt suggest about the origins of morality?
A) It is entirely learned
B) It is purely cultural
C) It evolved through group selection
D) It comes from divine revelation
- 12. Which moral foundation is most associated with concerns about purity and sanctity?
A) Loyalty/betrayal
B) Authority/subversion
C) Care/harm
D) Sanctity/degradation
- 13. What is the sixth moral foundation that Haidt added to the original five?
A) Honesty/deception
B) Courage/cowardice
C) Wisdom/folly
D) Liberty/oppression
- 14. What does WEIRD stand for in Haidt's critique of psychology research?
A) Wealthy, Educated, Individualistic, Rational, Democratic
B) Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, Democratic
C) Western, Elite, Intellectual, Rational, Developed
D) White, European, Intelligent, Religious, Democratic
- 15. What does Haidt argue about moral diversity across cultures?
A) Western morality is superior to others
B) Different cultures emphasize different moral foundations
C) Moral values are completely relative
D) All cultures share identical moral values
- 16. What does Haidt mean by 'moral capital'?
A) Financial resources for moral causes
B) Individual moral virtue
C) Political influence of moral leaders
D) Resources that sustain moral communities
- 17. What does Haidt suggest is necessary for moral understanding across political divides?
A) Recognizing the validity of different moral foundations
B) Proving one side is morally correct
C) Focusing only on harm prevention
D) Abandoning all moral foundations
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