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Rwandan genocide - Quiz
Contributed by: Maguire
  • 1. Which two prefectures experienced few killings during the early phase of the genocide?
A) Kigali and Butare
B) Gitarama and Kigali
C) Kigali and Cyangugu
D) Gitarama and Butare
  • 2. On what date did the interim government relocate to Gitarama?
A) 9 April
B) 8 April
C) 18 April
D) 12 April
  • 3. Who was the only Tutsi prefect in Rwanda during the initial period of the genocide?
A) Jean-Baptiste Habyalimana
B) Sylvain Nsabimana
C) Jean Kambanda
D) Théodore Sindikubwabo
  • 4. When was the interim government officially sworn in?
A) 18 April
B) 9 April
C) 12 April
D) 8 April
  • 5. Who was appointed as the interim president of Rwanda by the crisis committee?
A) Théodore Sindikubwabo
B) Jean-Baptiste Habyalimana
C) Jean Kambanda
D) Sylvain Nsabimana
  • 6. Who was the prime minister appointed to the interim government?
A) Sylvain Nsabimana
B) Jean Kambanda
C) Bagosora
D) Théodore Sindikubwabo
  • 7. What document did the crisis committee use to justify the formation of the interim government?
A) 1994 Peace Treaty
B) 1991 constitution
C) UN Charter
D) Arusha Accords
  • 8. Who replaced Jean-Baptiste Habyalimana as the prefect of Butare?
A) Théodore Sindikubwabo
B) Bagosora
C) Sylvain Nsabimana
D) Jean Kambanda
  • 9. On what date was the interim government formed by the crisis committee?
A) 9 April
B) 18 April
C) 8 April
D) 12 April
  • 10. Who were the de facto rulers of the country after the crisis committee was dissolved?
A) The interim president and prime minister
B) Bagosora and senior officers
C) The Interahamwe leaders
D) The prefects of Gitarama and Butare
  • 11. What was the stated reason for the interim government's relocation from Kigali to Gitarama?
A) To better organize the Interahamwe
B) Proximity to the military headquarters
C) Safety from international observers
D) Fleeing the RPF's advance
  • 12. How did Roméo Dallaire describe the activities of officials when he visited the government headquarters?
A) Actively planning the genocide
B) Holding critical strategic meetings
C) Sorting out a seating plan
D) Leading military operations
  • 13. Until what date did Butare serve as a sanctuary for Tutsi refugees?
A) 9 April
B) 8 April
C) 18 April
D) 12 April
  • 14. Which political faction were most members of the interim government affiliated with?
A) Hutu Power wings
B) Communist wings
C) Liberal party wings
D) Democratic reform wings
  • 15. What was the name of the clan associated with the first lady Agathe Habyarimana?
A) CDR
B) Interahamwe
C) Impuzamugambi
D) Akazu
  • 16. What magazine published the Hutu Ten Commandments?
A) Kangura
B) Power News
C) Gisenyi Tribune
D) Interahamwe Gazette
  • 17. What was the political party formed by hardliners in 1992?
A) National Revolutionary Movement for Development
B) Coalition for the Defence of the Republic
C) Hutu Power Alliance
D) Rwandan Patriotic Front
  • 18. What term is used to describe the psychological process of accusing others of one's own planned actions?
A) Civil defence
B) Ethnic cleansing
C) Mirror politics
D) Hutu Power
  • 19. Which militia group was attached to the ruling party?
A) Impuzamugambi
B) Interahamwe
C) Rwandan Armed Forces
D) Presidential Guard
  • 20. Which militia group was attached to the CDR?
A) Impuzamugambi
B) Akazu youth
C) Interahamwe
D) Civil defence units
  • 21. What role did Boutros Boutros-Ghali play in the arms supply for Rwanda?
A) Authored the Hutu Ten Commandments
B) Facilitated an arms sale from Egypt
C) Served as a UN peacekeeper
D) Trained the Interahamwe
  • 22. Which event in 1993 reinforced the belief among Hutus that Tutsis were their enemy?
A) The signing of the ceasefire
B) Assassination of Melchior Ndadaye
C) The RPF invasion
D) The Gisenyi pogrom
  • 23. Who sent the 'Genocide Fax' to UN headquarters in 1994?
A) Roméo Dallaire
B) Théoneste Bagosora
C) Kassim Turatsinze
D) Augustin Ndindiliyimana
  • 24. What was the result of the ICTR charge that genocide was planned prior to Habyarimana's assassination?
A) It was dismissed because the witnesses were unreliable
B) Prosecutors were unable to prove it
C) The UN admitted the plan in 1990
D) It was proven and resulted in mass convictions
  • 25. How did the Rwandan Armed Forces grow between 1990 and 1991?
A) They remained stable at 15,000
B) They decreased due to budget cuts
C) From under 10,000 to almost 30,000
D) They doubled from 10,000 to 20,000
  • 26. What did the Hutu Ten Commandments label Hutus who married Tutsis?
A) Traitors
B) Infiltrators
C) Outcasts
D) Enemies
  • 27. What items were imported on a large scale during 1993 for use as weapons?
A) Firearms
B) Explosives
C) Uniforms
D) Machetes
  • 28. In the 1980s, which Ugandan leader did Rwandan refugees help overthrow?
A) Paul Kagame
B) Milton Obote
C) Yoweri Museveni
D) Fred Rwigyema
  • 29. Who led the 4,000 rebels that invaded Rwanda in October 1990?
A) Fred Rwigyema
B) Milton Obote
C) Paul Kagame
D) Yoweri Museveni
  • 30. Where did Paul Kagame retreat his forces after taking command of the RPF?
A) Kigali
B) Arusha
C) Virunga Mountains
D) Ruhengeri
  • 31. Where were the negotiations between the RPF and the Rwandan government held in 1992?
A) Virunga, Rwanda
B) Kampala, Uganda
C) Kigali, Rwanda
D) Arusha, Tanzania
  • 32. What did the RPF announce in June 1992 following the formation of a coalition government?
A) A full-scale invasion
B) A ceasefire
C) A withdrawal to Uganda
D) A surrender
  • 33. What were the agreements signed in August 1993 called?
A) Kigali Treaty
B) Virunga Pact
C) NRA Agreement
D) Arusha Accords
  • 34. Where were the RPF given a base in Kigali to use during the transitional government setup?
A) National parliament building
B) The town of Ruhengeri
C) The Virunga Mountains
D) The presidential palace
  • 35. Which institution showed increasing sympathy for the Hutu before the Rwandan Revolution?
A) The Catholic Church
B) The German colonial government
C) The Belgian monarchy
D) The United Nations
  • 36. What document was written by Hutu scholars in 1957?
A) Rwandan Constitution
B) Gitarama Accord
C) Bahutu Manifesto
D) Declaration of Independence
  • 37. What concept did the Bahutu Manifesto use to call for a transfer of power?
A) Statistical law
B) Colonial mandate
C) Historical legacy
D) Divine right
  • 38. Who was the Hutu sub-chief attacked in 1959?
A) Paul Kagame
B) Dominique Mbonyumutwa
C) Grégoire Kayibanda
D) Juvénal Habyarimana
  • 39. Which administration backed the Hutu during the 1959 revolution?
A) France
B) Belgium
C) Great Britain
D) Germany
  • 40. In what year did Rwanda become independent?
A) 1978
B) 1959
C) 1973
D) 1962
  • 41. Which of these was NOT a destination for Tutsi exiles fleeing the revolution?
A) Uganda
B) Zaire
C) Tanzania
D) Kenya
  • 42. Who presided over the Hutu republic for a decade after independence?
A) Dominique Mbonyumutwa
B) Grégoire Kayibanda
C) King Mutara
D) Juvénal Habyarimana
  • 43. In what year was Juvénal Habyarimana brought to power by a coup?
A) 1973
B) 1978
C) 1962
D) 1975
  • 44. What was the name of the political party founded by Habyarimana in 1975?
A) MRND
B) Rwandan Patriotic Front
C) Bahutu Party
D) Democratic Republic Party
  • 45. What led to increased competition for land in Rwanda?
A) Environmental climate change
B) High population density
C) Industrialization
D) Foreign land purchases
  • 46. Which historian suggested the 1994 genocide can be attributed to population density?
A) Juvénal Habyarimana
B) Dominique Mbonyumutwa
C) Grégoire Kayibanda
D) Gérard Prunier
  • 47. What was the population of Rwanda in 1989?
A) 7.1 million
B) 300,000
C) 1.6 million
D) 10,000
  • 48. How long did the Rwandan genocide last?
A) Two weeks
B) One full year
C) One month
D) Approximately 100 days
  • 49. Which rebel group invaded Rwanda from Uganda in 1990?
A) The National Army of Zaire
B) Hutu Power Militia
C) The Twa Liberation Front
D) Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)
  • 50. Whose assassination on 6 April 1994 ignited the genocide?
A) Paul Kagame
B) Kanyarwanda
C) Kigeli Rwabugiri
D) Juvénal Habyarimana
  • 51. What term refers to the aboriginal pygmy hunter-gatherers of Rwanda?
A) Twa
B) Banyarwanda
C) Gadabuursi
D) Nyiginya
  • 52. What is the collective name for the Hutu, Tutsi, and Twa who share a common language?
A) The Bantu Union
B) The Ethiopian Coalition
C) Banyarwanda
D) The Nilotic Tribes
  • 53. Which clan ruled the Kingdom of Rwanda from the mid-eighteenth century?
A) Gadabuursi
B) Kigeli
C) Nyiginya
D) Habyarimana
  • 54. What was the name of the forced labour system imposed on Hutu under King Rwabugiri?
A) Uburetwa
B) Hamitic
C) Ubwoko
D) Ubuhake
  • 55. In what year did Belgium begin a policy of more direct colonial rule in Rwanda?
A) 1884
B) 1917
C) 1959
D) 1926
  • 56. According to the colonial classification of the 1930s, what percentage of the population were Hutu?
A) About 15%
B) About 1%
C) About 50%
D) About 84%
  • 57. What document was introduced in the 1930s that made socio-economic groups into rigid ethnic categories?
A) Compulsory identity cards
B) Arusha Accords
C) Passport of Residency
D) Rwandan Constitution
  • 58. What event led to the flight of the génocidaires into Zaire?
A) The RPF captured government-controlled territory
B) A volcanic eruption
C) The arrival of the UN peacekeeping force
D) The Arusha Accords
  • 59. Which conflict was triggered in 1996 as a result of the regional instability after the genocide?
A) Rwandan Civil War
B) The Great Lakes War
C) First Congo War
D) The Burundi Independence War
  • 60. Which demographic was RTLM primarily designed to appeal to?
A) The academic elite and professors.
B) The elderly population in urban centers.
C) Young adults in Rwanda.
D) International diplomats and foreign observers.
  • 61. What was the primary content that occupied 66.29% of RTLM's airtime?
A) Official government mandates and decrees.
B) Weather reports and agricultural advice.
C) Traditional Rwandan storytelling and folklore.
D) Journalists discussing their thoughts on various subjects.
  • 62. What term did RTLM use to label Tutsi as non-human pests?
A) Inyenzi
B) Interahamwe
C) Power
D) Mille Collines
  • 63. How many instances of RTLM accusing the Rwandan Patriotic Army of atrocities occurred before the genocide?
A) 66
B) 252
C) 10
D) 294
  • 64. What nickname was given to RTLM because of its incitement to genocide?
A) The Voice of Hate
B) Radio Propaganda
C) The Power Station
D) Radio Machete
  • 65. What critique did Gordon Danning make regarding the study by David Yanagizawa-Drott?
A) He questioned if media availability correlated with media consumption.
B) He suggested the study focused too much on television instead of radio.
C) He claimed the study was biased against the Tutsi.
D) He argued the study underestimated the impact of radio.
  • 66. Which leader of Burundi died alongside Habyarimana in the plane crash?
A) Augustin Ndindiliyimana
B) Paul Kagame
C) Cyprien Ntaryamira
D) Théoneste Bagosora
  • 67. Which French judge concluded in 2006 that Paul Kagame ordered the assassination?
A) Filip Reyntjens
B) Roméo Dallaire
C) Jean-Louis Bruguière
D) Emmanuel Mughisa
  • 68. Who was the Rwandan Prime Minister that was legally next in line for succession?
A) Cyprien Ntaryamira
B) Agathe Uwilingiyimana
C) Emmanuel Mughisa
D) Augustin Ndindiliyimana
  • 69. What was the name of the former Rwandan soldier who disappeared in Nairobi in 2014?
A) Théoneste Bagosora
B) Cyprien Ntaryamira
C) Augustin Ndindiliyimana
D) Emmanuel Mughisa
  • 70. Why was the plan to take the Prime Minister to Radio Rwanda cancelled?
A) The presidential guard took over the station
B) The Prime Minister refused to go
C) The vehicle broke down
D) The station was bombed
  • 71. Who rescued the Prime Minister's children?
A) Augustin Bizimungu
B) Bernard Ntuyahaga
C) Mbaye Diagne
D) Roméo Dallaire
  • 72. Where were the ten Belgian soldiers taken and killed?
A) Camp Kigali
B) The Prime Minister's residence
C) Radio Rwanda offices
D) The Constitutional Court
  • 73. Who was the commanding officer of the presidential guard unit that carried out the murders?
A) Bernard Ntuyahaga
B) Augustin Bizimungu
C) Faustin Twagiramungu
D) Marcel Gatsinzi
  • 74. In what year was Bernard Ntuyahaga sentenced for his role in the murders?
A) 2007
B) 2010
C) 1998
D) 1994
  • 75. What was the nationality of the court that sentenced Bernard Ntuyahaga?
A) Canadian
B) Rwandan
C) Belgian
D) Senegalese
  • 76. Which of these individuals was NOT listed as a victim killed on the night of 6-7 April?
A) Boniface Ngulinzira
B) Joseph Kavaruganda
C) Frederic Nzamurambaho
D) Faustin Twagiramungu
  • 77. Who was the President of the Constitutional Court killed by extremists?
A) Landwald Ndasingwa
B) Boniface Ngulinzira
C) Joseph Kavaruganda
D) Marcel Gatsinzi
  • 78. Who replaced Marcel Gatsinzi as army chief of staff?
A) Augustin Bizimungu
B) Bernard Ntuyahaga
C) Bagosora
D) Joseph Kavaruganda
  • 79. When did the RPF capture Kigali, effectively ending the genocide?
A) Early March
B) Mid-April
C) Mid-July
D) Late December
  • 80. Which organization's mission was criticized for its weak mandate and lack of support?
A) The Red Cross
B) African Union
C) NATO
D) UNAMIR
  • 81. According to reports in 2017, which government continued to support the Hutu government after the genocide began?
A) France
B) United Kingdom
C) Belgium
D) United States
  • 82. Which businessman was responsible for funding the RTLM and the Interahamwe?
A) Pascal Musabe
B) Joseph Nzirorera
C) Augustin Bizimana
D) Félicien Kabuga
  • 83. Which prefecture was considered the heartland of the akazu?
A) Kigali
B) Gisenyi
C) Cyangugu
D) Gikongoro
  • 84. Who was the prefect of Kigali-ville that toured roadblocks to ensure effectiveness?
A) Pascal Musabe
B) Aloys Ntabakuze
C) Protais Mpiranya
D) Tharcisse Renzaho
  • 85. Who was the commander of the paratroopers and a leading organizer of the genocide?
A) Pascal Musabe
B) Aloys Ntabakuze
C) Tharcisse Renzaho
D) Joseph Nzirorera
  • 86. In the countryside, what was the primary chain of command for executing the genocide?
A) Independent rebel groups
B) The international media
C) Church leadership
D) The local government hierarchy
  • 87. What term refers to the local commune leaders in the rural government hierarchy?
A) Bourgmestres
B) Akazu
C) Prefects
D) Interahamwe
  • 88. Where were thousands of bodies dumped during the genocide?
A) The Nile River
B) Kagera River
C) Rusumo Falls
D) Lake Kivu
  • 89. What was the official name of the French-led intervention in June?
A) Opération Turquoise
B) Operation Safe Haven
C) Operation Kigali
D) Operation Peacekeeper
  • 90. When did the RPF take control of Kigali?
A) 18 July
B) 4 July
C) 23 June
D) 1 May
  • 91. Which newspaper reported the execution of relief agency employees on 9 April?
A) The Rwandan Gazette
B) The New York Times
C) The London Times
D) The Washington Post
  • 92. How did the Interahamwe destroy the church in Nyange?
A) They removed the roof during the night.
B) They used bulldozers.
C) They used explosives.
D) They set it on fire.
  • 93. Who was the priest found guilty by the ICTR for his role in the Nyange church demolition?
A) Sylvain Nsabimana
B) Athanase Seromba
C) Jean-Baptiste Habyalimana
D) A local Interahamwe captain
  • 94. How did Hutu propaganda portray Tutsi women?
A) As a sexually seductive fifth column
B) As the primary military threat
C) As leaders of the opposition
D) As innocent bystanders
  • 95. What was Marie Louise Niyobuhungiro forced to do in between rapes?
A) Farm land
B) Cook for the soldiers
C) Clean weapons
D) Teach local children
  • 96. Which groups were specifically mentioned as victims of sexual violation besides women?
A) Elderly priests only
B) No men were victims
C) Children only
D) Men
  • 97. What was the specific intended outcome of infecting victims with HIV?
A) Forced labor
B) Conversion to Hutu ideology
C) A slow, inexorable death
D) Immediate execution
  • 98. What nickname is sometimes given to the Twa in relation to the Rwandan genocide?
A) Forest rebels
B) Primary targets
C) Hidden fighters
D) Forgotten victims
  • 99. Who did Dallaire credit with being a 'master of psychological warfare'?
A) Paul Kagame
B) Bagosora
C) The French military commander
D) The RPF recruitment officer
  • 100. What is the name of the public holiday commemorating Rwanda's liberation?
A) Genocide Memorial Day
B) Unity Day
C) RPF Victory Day
D) Liberation Day
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