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Valerian (emperor) - Quiz
Contributed by: Atherton
  • 1. What was the full name of Emperor Valerian?
A) Publius Licinius Shapur
B) Publius Licinius Aemilianus
C) Publius Licinius Valerianus
D) Publius Licinius Gallienus
  • 2. During which historical period did Valerian rule?
A) Crisis of the Third Century
B) The Tetrarchy
C) Pax Romana
D) The Augustan Age
  • 3. Who was Valerian's co-emperor?
A) Shapur I
B) Gallienus
C) Aemilianus
D) Gordian I
  • 4. Which Persian emperor captured Valerian?
A) Shapur I
B) Decius
C) Trebonianus Gallus
D) Aemilianus
  • 5. At which battle was Valerian captured?
A) Battle of Antioch
B) Battle of Illyricum
C) Battle of Edessa
D) Battle of Rome
  • 6. What was the name of Valerian's wife?
A) Livia Drusilla
B) Julia Domna
C) Agrippina the Younger
D) Egnatia Mariniana
  • 7. When did Valerian officially become emperor?
A) 238 AD
B) 260 AD
C) 251 AD
D) 253 AD
  • 8. What position did the Senate offer Valerian in 251 AD?
A) Dux
B) Princeps Senatus
C) Consul Ordinarius
D) Censor
  • 9. What did Valerian do regarding the position of censor in 251 AD?
A) He was executed before accepting it
B) He shared it with Gallienus
C) He declined it
D) He accepted it
  • 10. Which emperor left Valerian in charge of Rome while he went on a campaign in Illyricum?
A) Aemilianus
B) Shapur I
C) Decius
D) Trebonianus Gallus
  • 11. What military role was Valerian given under Trebonianus Gallus?
A) Legatus
B) Praetorian Prefect
C) Centurion
D) Dux
  • 12. What led to the death of Trebonianus Gallus?
A) He was killed by his own troops
B) He died of plague
C) He was executed by Valerian
D) He died in the Battle of Edessa
  • 13. Who proclaimed Valerian emperor after Gallus was killed?
A) Raetian soldiers
B) The Persian army
C) Gallienus
D) The Senate
  • 14. What happened to Aemilianus when Valerian arrived in Rome in 253 AD?
A) He committed suicide
B) He escaped to Persia
C) He was named co-emperor
D) His legions defected and killed him
  • 15. How did Valerian and Gallienus handle the problems of the empire?
A) They ruled solely from Rome
B) Gallienus moved to the East and Valerian stayed in Rome
C) They split the empire, with Gallienus taking the West and Valerian the East
D) Valerian ignored the East to focus on Europe
  • 16. What city did Valerian recover in 257 AD?
A) Illyricum
B) Antioch
C) Raetia
D) Edessa
  • 17. What caused the Roman position at Edessa in 259 AD to weaken?
A) A betrayal by Aemilianus
B) The desertion of Gallienus
C) A lack of food supplies
D) An outbreak of plague
  • 18. What was the general social status of Valerian's family?
A) Lower class military
B) Foreign merchant family
C) Noble and traditional senatorial
D) Slave origin
  • 19. In what year did Valerian die in captivity?
A) 257
B) 260 or 264
C) 253
D) 270
  • 20. Which group ravaged Asia Minor in 258 AD?
A) The Persians
B) The Armenians
C) The Goths
D) The Raetians
  • 21. Against which empire was Valerian fighting when he issued the orders against Christians?
A) Gothic
B) Frankish
C) Persian
D) Vandal
  • 22. What did the first letter sent in 257 command Christian clergy to do?
A) Perform sacrifices to Roman gods
B) Pay a heavy tax
C) Denounce their faith publicly
D) Leave the empire immediately
  • 23. What was the consequence for Christian clergy who refused to perform sacrifices in 257?
A) Banishment
B) Slavery
C) Imprisonment
D) Execution
  • 24. What did the second letter, sent in 258, order for Christian leaders?
A) Forced labor
B) Execution
C) Confiscation of property
D) Banishment
  • 25. In what year was Saint Prudent executed at Narbonne?
A) 258
B) 259
C) 260
D) 257
  • 26. On what date was Pope Sixtus II executed?
A) 9 August 258
B) 10 August 258
C) 6 August 258
D) 6 August 259
  • 27. Which saint was executed on 9 August 258?
A) Saint Denis
B) Pope Sixtus II
C) Saint Romanus Ostiarius
D) Saint Lawrence
  • 28. Saint Lawrence was executed on which date in 258?
A) 11 August
B) 6 August
C) 10 August
D) 9 August
  • 29. In which city was Saint Denis executed in 258?
A) Cimiez
B) Carthage
C) Rome
D) Paris
  • 30. Saint Cyprian was executed in which location in 258?
A) Paris
B) Tarragona
C) Carthage
D) Narbonne
  • 31. In what year was Saint Patroclus executed at Troyes?
A) 259
B) 257
C) 260
D) 258
  • 32. Where was Saint Fructuosus executed in 259?
A) Rome
B) Troyes
C) Cimiez
D) Tarragona
  • 33. Who wrote that Valerian 'grew old in ignominious slavery among the Parthians'?
A) Abu Hanifa Dinawari
B) Eutropius
C) Lactantius
D) Touraj Daryaee
  • 34. Which historian claimed Valerian was used as a human footstool by Shapur?
A) Eutropius
B) Joseph of Anchieta
C) Lactantius
D) Anthony Hecht
  • 35. Who argues that Valerian lived in relatively good conditions in Persian cities?
A) Lactantius
B) Touraj Daryaee
C) Joseph of Anchieta
D) Eutropius
  • 36. What is the name of the dam built by Roman prisoners of war near Susa?
A) Gundishapur
B) Bishapur
C) Naghshe-Rostam
D) Band-e Kaisar
  • 37. In which play does Valerian appear as a character responsible for the persecution of Saint Lawrence?
A) The Hard Hours
B) Auto de São Lourenço
C) Behold the Lilies of the Field
D) Warrior of Rome
  • 38. What is the second version of Valerian's death mentioned in the text alongside the molten gold account?
A) Decapitation
B) Flaying
C) Starvation
D) Cremation
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