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Buddhist texts - Quiz
Contributed by: Bassett
  • 1. What is the Tibetan term for the special class of texts that are believed to be hidden and later rediscovered?
A) Dohakosha
B) Sadhana
C) Terma
D) Namtar
  • 2. What is the title given to a person who discovers terma texts?
A) Sadhaka
B) Tertön
C) Yogi
D) Mahasiddha
  • 3. Which school of Buddhism is noted for having a large terma literature?
A) Nyingma
B) Theravada
C) Shingon
D) Zen
  • 4. Which historical figure is credited with writing many of the Nyingma terma texts?
A) Gölo Zhönnupel
B) Saraha
C) Padmasambhava
D) Milarepa
  • 5. What is the common name for the Bardo Thodol?
A) The Sādhanamālā
B) The Hundred Thousand Songs
C) Tibetan Book of the Dead
D) The Blue Annals
  • 6. What does the term 'sadhana' refer to in Vajrayana literature?
A) A spiritual biography
B) A collection of songs
C) A historical survey
D) A tantric spiritual practice text
  • 7. What is the focus of a sadhana text?
A) Recording historical events
B) Documenting a life story
C) Preserving ancient philosophical debates
D) Practicing a mandala or yidam
  • 8. What is the name of the collection of sadhanas mentioned in the text?
A) Caryāgīti
B) Bardo Thodol
C) Dohakosha
D) Sādhanamālā
  • 9. What are the songs of realization composed by mahasiddhas called?
A) Namtar
B) Terma
C) Sadhana
D) Doha
  • 10. Who authored the Dohakosha?
A) Padmasambhava
B) Milarepa
C) Gölo Zhönnupel
D) Saraha
  • 11. Which Tibetan Buddhist school is especially fond of The Hundred Thousand Songs of Milarepa?
A) Nyingma
B) Shingon
C) Bön
D) Kagyu
  • 12. When were The Blue Annals completed?
A) 1481 CE
B) 1392 CE
C) 1476 CE
D) 9th century
  • 13. Who is the author of The Blue Annals?
A) Gölo Zhönnupel
B) Kūkai
C) Milarepa
D) Saraha
  • 14. What is a 'namtar'?
A) A tantric song
B) A meditative deity
C) A ritual object
D) A spiritual biography
  • 15. Which tradition besides the Nyingma school has a large terma literature?
A) Bön
B) Shingon
C) Kagyu
D) Gelug
  • 16. What type of terma is 'discovered' in the mind of the tertön?
A) Namtar
B) Caryāgīti
C) Sadhana
D) Mind terma
  • 17. Whose treatises are influential in Japanese Shingon Buddhism?
A) Milarepa
B) Kūkai
C) Gölo Zhönnupel
D) Saraha
  • 18. Who authored the epic poem Buddhacarita?
A) Aśvaghoṣa
B) Nagasena
C) Mātṛceṭa
D) Buddhaghosa
  • 19. What is the primary subject of the Milinda pañha?
A) A biography of the Buddha's life in the forest
B) A dialogue between Nagasena and King Menander
C) A manual for monastic discipline in Sri Lanka
D) A collection of cosmological maps
  • 20. Who wrote the Visuddhimagga?
A) Dhammapala
B) Buddhaghosa
C) Phya Lithai
D) Aśvaghoṣa
  • 21. What is the Abhidhammattha-sangaha used for in Theravāda traditions?
A) As a biography of Sri Lankan kings
B) As a collection of poems about Bodhisattvas
C) As a manual for meditation rituals
D) As an introductory summary to the Abhidhamma
  • 22. Who authored the Thai text 'Three Worlds According to King Ruang'?
A) Buddhaghosa
B) Phya Lithai
C) Nagasena
D) Aśvaghoṣa
  • 23. What does the term 'Mahāyāna' mean?
A) Great Vehicle
B) Hidden Truth
C) Elder Teachings
D) Ancient Path
  • 24. What term did Theravāda commentaries use for Mahāyāna sūtras they rejected?
A) Jātaka
B) Abhidhamma
C) Vedalla/Vetulla
D) Pyui
  • 25. Which Chinese pilgrims traveled to India during the growth of Mahāyāna literature?
A) Faxian, Yijing, and Xuanzang
B) Nanamoli, Saddaniti, and Ratanapañña
C) Nagasena, Menander, and Phya Lithai
D) Aśvaghoṣa, Mātṛceṭa, and Buddhaghosa
  • 26. In Mahāyāna belief, what is the purpose of Pure lands like Sukhavati?
A) To house the original Sanskrit manuscripts
B) To serve as a place of eternal punishment
C) To make achieving Buddhahood easier
D) To act as a training ground for monastic administrators
  • 27. Which school is associated with the Mahāvastu biography?
A) Mahavihara
B) Abhayagiri
C) Lokottaravadin
D) Theravāda
  • 28. How many main Buddhist Canons are there according to the text?
A) Three
B) Five
C) Four
D) Two
  • 29. What is the earliest known full printed book?
A) Diamond Sutra
B) Dhammapada
C) Lotus Sutra
D) Heart Sutra
  • 30. What is the term for 'word of the Buddha'?
A) Buddhavacana
B) Dharma
C) Sutra
D) Shastras
  • 31. Which collection is used in the Theravāda tradition?
A) Kangyur
B) Chinese Buddhist Canon
C) Pāli Canon
D) Taishō Tripiṭaka
  • 32. What is the primary concern of Vinaya literature?
A) Poetic compositions
B) Tantric rituals
C) Monastic discipline
D) Historical biographies
  • 33. Which school of Buddhism preserves the only complete collection of texts in a Middle Indo-Aryan language?
A) Sarvāstivāda
B) Theravāda
C) Dharmaguptaka
D) Mahāsāṃghika
  • 34. What is the name of the Tibetan collection of buddhavacana?
A) Nikaya
B) Taishō Tripiṭaka
C) Kangyur
D) Agama
  • 35. What are 'shastras'?
A) Discourses
B) Monastic rules
C) Treatises
D) Birth stories
  • 36. Who can be considered a transmitter of buddhavacana according to some traditions?
A) Devas
B) Common merchants
C) Only the historical Buddha
D) Political leaders
  • 37. What practice involves copying texts by hand as a spiritual exercise?
A) Sutra copying
B) Block printing
C) Mnemonic memorization
D) Oral recitation
  • 38. How were the first Buddhist texts passed on?
A) Through early printing presses
B) Orally
C) Sent via postal services
D) Engraved on stone tablets
  • 39. What is the Abhidharma an attempt to express without using narrative stories?
A) Poetic metaphors
B) Conventional fables
C) Historical biographies
D) Ultimate reality
  • 40. Which scholar described Abhidharma systems as major achievements of Indian philosophy?
A) Edward Conze
B) Erich Frauwallner
C) D.T. Suzuki
D) Max Müller
  • 41. Around which century BCE do scholars believe canonical Abhidharma texts emerged?
A) 2nd century CE
B) 1st century BCE
C) 3rd century BCE
D) 5th century BCE
  • 42. How many full canonical Abhidharma collections have survived?
A) Two
B) Seven
C) Four
D) Three
  • 43. Which school's Abhidharma collection survives in Chinese translation?
A) Theravada
B) Pudgalavada
C) Dharmaguptaka
D) Sarvastivada
  • 44. Which text is associated with the Dharmaguptaka school?
A) Vibhanga
B) Śāriputrābhidharma
C) Abhidhamma Pitaka
D) Dharmaskandha
  • 45. What term is used for post-canonical Abhidharma commentaries?
A) Vibhanga
B) Mātṛkā
C) Aṭṭhakathā
D) Sutra
  • 46. How do post-canonical Abhidharma works differ from canonical ones?
A) They include innovations not found in the canonical texts
B) They avoid all philosophical terminology
C) They are strictly identical in content
D) They are shorter and less complex
  • 47. Who do scholars believe authored the canonical Abhidharma texts?
A) Ashoka
B) Ananda
C) The Buddha
D) Later Buddhists
  • 48. How many texts are contained in the surviving canonical Abhidharma collections?
A) Five
B) Ten
C) Seven
D) Three
  • 49. The Ugraparipṛcchā Sūtra focuses on which topic?
A) Buddhist logic
B) Yogic praxis
C) Non-dualism
D) Bodhisattva monasticism
  • 50. The Sandhinirmocana Sutra is the main text of which school?
A) Madhyamaka
B) Pure Land
C) Yogacara
D) Zen
  • 51. Who is the author of the Bodhicaryāvatāra?
A) Shantideva
B) Vasubandhu
C) Nagarjuna
D) Asanga
  • 52. Which text is considered the magnum opus of Asanga?
A) Pramāna-samuccaya
B) Abhidharmakośa-bhāsya
C) Mahāyāna-samgraha
D) Trimsika
  • 53. What term is used for Mahāyāna scholastic treatises?
A) Dhāraṇī
B) Prajñā
C) Samadhi
D) Śāstras
  • 54. Which author is associated with the school of Buddhist logic?
A) Dignāga
B) Asanga
C) Vasubandhu
D) Shantideva
  • 55. The Brahmajāla Sūtra is noted for containing which of the following?
A) Buddha nature doctrine
B) Yogic praxis
C) Bodhisattva precepts
D) Madhyamaka philosophy
  • 56. How many wooden printing blocks make up the Tripitaka Koreana?
A) 750
B) 81,258
C) 50,000
D) 100,000
  • 57. The Dhyana sutras contain teachings from which region's meditation masters?
A) Vietnamese
B) Japanese
C) Kashmiri
D) Tibetan
  • 58. Which text is considered the first major comprehensive work on meditation composed in China?
A) Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana
B) Great Perfection of Wisdom Treatise
C) Mohe Zhiguan
D) Platform Sutra
  • 59. Who is the de facto founder of Pure Land Buddhism mentioned in the text?
A) Zhiyi
B) Huineng
C) Shandao
D) Fazang
  • 60. What is the traditional attribution for the Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana?
A) Zhiyi
B) Ashvaghosha
C) Nagarjuna
D) Kumārajīva
  • 61. Which translator is credited with the Great Perfection of Wisdom Treatise?
A) Fazang
B) Xuanzang
C) Yijing
D) Kumārajīva
  • 62. What destroyed the first version of the Tripitaka Koreana?
A) Flood
B) Fire
C) Earthquake
D) Warring factions
  • 63. The Platform Sutra is attributed to which Zen patriarch?
A) Shandao
B) Zhiyi
C) Fazang
D) Huineng
  • 64. What is the Japanese equivalent of the Huayan school?
A) Kegon
B) Zen
C) Pure Land
D) Tiantai
  • 65. How old is the Tripitaka Koreana according to the text?
A) 1200 years
B) Some 750 years
C) 1000 years
D) 500 years
  • 66. What term refers to early Buddhist Tantric texts that are collections of magical mantras for worldly ends?
A) Mahayoga
B) Dzogchen
C) Sarma
D) Mantrakalpas
  • 67. Which scholar argued that Yogini tantras were influenced by non-Buddhist Tantric Śaivism?
A) The author of the Kangyur
B) Vairocana Buddha
C) The Dalai Lama
D) Alexis Sanderson
  • 68. Approximately how many tantras are contained in the Tibetan Kangyur?
A) Almost 200
B) Almost 1000
C) Almost 100
D) Almost 500
  • 69. How many main categories of tantra do the Sarma schools of Tibetan Buddhism divide the Tantras into?
A) Four
B) Two
C) Eight
D) Six
  • 70. What is the Nyingma school's name for Anuttarayogatantra?
A) Yogatantra
B) Charyayogatantra
C) Kriyayogatantra
D) Mahayoga
  • 71. Which of these is mentioned as an influential Higher Tantra in Indo-Tibetan Buddhism?
A) Mahavairocana Tantra
B) Vajrasekhara Sutra
C) Guhyasamāja Tantra
D) Lotus Sutra
  • 72. What unique tantras are held by the Nyingma school and not found in other Tibetan schools?
A) Charyatantras
B) Yogatantras
C) Kriyatantras
D) Dzogchen tantras
  • 73. What are Mantrakalpas?
A) Sacred sounds
B) Subtle body techniques
C) Mantra manuals
D) Fire offerings
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