A) Use force against the entire group without distinguishing roles to quickly stop the situation.
B) Release the suspect because he did not physically throw rocks
C) Detain the suspect indefinitely because shouting makes him responsible for the riot.
D) Arrest the suspect for incitement and violent disorder, document witness statements, and seek pobable cause based on both words and conduct

A) Seize the drugs, document the plain-view discovery properly, and add them to the inventory and case file.
B) Modify the warrant on the spot to include drugs without judicial approval.
C) Destroy the drugs to prevent contamination of the scene.
D) Ignore the drugs because they’re not relevant to the bribery case.

A) Wait until all prints can be processed simultaneously
B) Prioritize prints most likely to identify the principal suspect(s) and those linked to violent contact areas, documenting why others remain unprocessed.
C) Randomly process prints to avoid bias.
D) Process prints found on irrelevant background surfaces first.

A) Ignore the counsel request because joint questioning is efficient.
B) Continue questioning both together to expedite confession.
C) Stop questioning the one who requested counsel until counsel is present; proceed with the other only after ensuring rights were knowingly waived.
D) Force counsel on both suspects

A) Arrest the official immediately based on public outrage.
B) Secure financial records, contract files, and correspondence through lawful subpoenas and preserve chain of custody for documents.
C) Publicly announce the accusation to encourage whistleblowers.
D) Question the relatives informally without documentation.

A) Destroy the seals to inspect contents without legal process.
B) Respect refusal, request a canine sniff (where lawful) or obtain a warrant if probable cause can be articulated.
C) Arrest the driver for nervousness alone.
D) Force entry into the crates immediately.

A) Allow crowds to roam to collect more witness statements.
B) Move the body to the morgue
C) Secure and cordon the scene, establish single entry/exit points, and assign officers to preserve evidence and control access.
D) Release witnesses immediately to ease crowd control.

A) Use focused, structured interviews targeting key witnesses and roles (e.g., first responders, victims, organizers), documenting time, place, and observations.
B) Conduct long, in-depth interviews with each bystander regardless of role.
C) Skip interviews and rely on social media posts.
D) Ask witnesses to post their account on public forums.

A) Place phones in Faraday bags or otherwise isolate them, log them, and follow forensic imaging procedures.
B) Hand phones back to suspects after brief notes.
C) Let suspects continue using their phones to avoid confrontation.
D) Immediately reset phones to factory settings to prevent data leakage.

A) Refuse to explain accounting methods to avoid oversimplification.
B) Produce a clear timeline, visual exhibits (flowcharts), and explain transactions in plain language linking them to intent and recipients.
C) Use technical jargon to demonstrate expertise
D) Read raw spreadsheets aloud.

A) Allow field officers to verbalize transfers without written notes.
B) Each team uses its own form; discrepancies are normal.
C) Establish a unified chain-of-custody protocol beforehand, train personnel, and use single, continuous documentation for each item.
D) Destroy duplicate records to avoid confusion.

A) Delete the footage to protect the colleague.
B) Preserve and submit the footage through official channels for investigation, following department policy.
C) Share the footage informally with friends. D. Release the footage on social media.

A) Record the interview (audio/video), document breaks, advise of rights, and provide access to counsel as required.
B) Ignore the confession if it complicates the case.
C) Rely on officer notes only.
D) Keep no record to avoid scrutiny.

A) Conduct surveillance to build probable cause and plan a coordinated arrest/search to maximize evidence recovery while minimizing risk.
B) Immediate raid without planning to ensure surprise.
C) Wait for suspects to make contact to reduce workload.
D) Publicly warn suspects to allow them to leave peacefully.

A) Assess threat credibility, provide protective measures for the clerk, document threats, and investigate possible links to the procurement irregularities.
B) Publicize the clerk’s identity to attract witnesses.
C) Arrest the procurement officers immediately without evidence.
D) Ignore the threats because they’re anonymous.

A) Release the suspect citing ambiguity.
B) Secure the firearm, detain based on prior conviction restrictions if applicable, document the statutory basis, and consult legal advisors if ordinance is ambiguous.
C) Ignore the ordinance and detain anyway.
D) Destroy the firearm to avoid legal debates.

A) Reopen the investigation, preserve the scene, re-interview witnesses, and prioritize forensic reevaluation to collect missed evidence.
B) Close the file because initial assessment said accidental.
C) Ignore forensic findings that contradict the first report.
D) Arrest random individuals to satisfy public pressure.

A) Refuse any cooperation to avoid making deals.
B) Publicly announce the deal to show toughness.
C) Assess reliability and corroboration of the information, weigh public interest, and coordinate with prosecutors on the terms and documentation.
D) Grant immunity immediately to secure testimony.

A) Have one agency claim sole responsibility to insulate others.
B) Assume evidence will be admissible everywhere.
C) Destroy disputed evidence to avoid legal battles.
D) Establish cross-jurisdictional agreements, follow highest-standard procedures, and document chain-of-custody and legal bases for actions.

A) Alter the recording to remove irrelevant portions.
B) Ignore the video because of unknown origin.
C) Forensically preserve the original recording, attempt to authenticate source (metadata, chain), and corroborate with other evidence before charging.
D) Publish the footage widely to test public reaction.

A) Discard less clear samples to focus on a single target.
B) Wait until all samples can be fully analyzed simultaneously.
C) Prioritize samples most likely to link perpetrators to violent acts and use presumptive tests, while documenting backlog and rationale.
D) Allow suspects to choose which samples are analyzed

A) Instruct the officer to coerce suspects into committing crimes.
B) Offer rewards to induce suspects to commit the crime
C) Avoid any documentation to protect covert methods.
D) Ensure the undercover operation targets individuals with demonstrated predisposition, avoid persuasion beyond opportunity provision, and document undercover conduct and supervisory approval.

A) Dispose of older files to free storage.
B) Leave files as-is to avoid tampering.
C) Digitize records with secure backups, index for retrieval, and follow retention rules while preserving originals and chain-of-custody metadata.
D) Store files in non-climate-controlled areas to save cost.

A) Offer appropriate protective measures (anonymity where allowed, relocation, witness protection options), corroborate witness statements with independent evidence, and document all steps.
B) Dismiss the witness and rely solely on circumstantial evidence.
C) Force the witness to testify without protection.
D) Promise the witness immunity without prosecutor approval.

A) An opinion piece summarizing public frustration.
B) A short memo with allegations but no supporting exhibits.
C) A structured investigative file linking actions to laws, with timelines, documentary evidence, witness statements, forensic accounting, and chain-of-custody documentation.
D) Oral briefings without written record.

A) Ignore the mayor’s order and leave the area.
B) Execute the order immediately without question.
C) Arrest all protesters to avoid confrontation.
D) Seek clarification and refuse to use force if it violates constitutional rights, documenting the order and advising superiors.

A) Cancel the event without confirmation.
B) Ignore the threat to prevent panic.
C) Release the intelligence to media for awareness.
D) Share verified intelligence with relevant units, recommend preventive deployment, and monitor for threat escalation.

A) Report the misconduct through official internal affairs channels with documented evidence.
B) Ignore it to maintain camaraderie.
C) Confront the colleague privately and drop the matter.
D) Post the discovery on social media for public reaction.

A) Wait for political approval before acting.
B) Compete for control to assert jurisdiction.
C) Follow the established chain of command, coordinate through inter-agency mechanisms, and ensure decisions prioritize life and safety.
D) Local authorities should ignore national directives.

A) Retrieve the evidence personally without coordination.
B) Copy online files anonymously to save time.
C) Rely on media leaks as primary evidence.
D) Secure mutual legal assistance through diplomatic channels, authenticating evidence under international protocols.

A) Immediately act on the tip to prove trust.
B) Disregard all tips from the informant permanently.
C) Leak the tip to journalists for verification.
D) Evaluate the new information for corroboration before acting, documenting the informant’s credibility history.

A) Reading assignments with no assessment.
B) Lecture-only sessions on legal definitions.
C) Scenario-based simulations that require applying principles, analyzing consequences, and making ethical decisions.
D) Rote memorization of procedures.

A) The suspect’s reputation justifies entry.
B) Evidence is admissible since drugs were found.
C) Evidence may be suppressed due to unlawful entry without exigent circumstances.
D) Evidence can be used if the media publicizes it.

A) Blame media influence alone.
B) Conduct a multifactor analysis considering socio-economic, family, and peer influences supported by field data.
C) Use anecdotal accounts without research.
D) Focus solely on crime rates.

A) Leak information to social media.
B) Resign immediately without report.
C) Alter findings to satisfy superiors.
D) Maintain objectivity, document all communications, and escalate unethical interference through proper oversight channels.

A) Suspend analysis, notify superiors, re-label under observation, and document corrective action.
B) Guess the labels based on memory.
C) Continue analysis to save time.
D) Ignore it if the bags are sealed.

A) Use mixed methods: statistical analysis of parole records plus qualitative interviews, ensuring ethical confidentiality.
B) Generalize from foreign data without context.
C) Interview a few acquaintances for opinions.
D) Use social media surveys only.

A) Accept the practice as normal.
B) Request a share to maintain harmony.
C) Document the incident and report through ethics or internal affairs units.
D) Publicly accuse the superior without proof.

A) Assume correlation without data.
B) Rely solely on anecdotal reports.
C) Use a single-year snapshot.
D) Compare longitudinal crime data with periods of governance shifts and social unrest indicators.

A) Deny opposition permits to maintain order.
B) Avoid visibility to prevent controversy.
C) Provide security favoring the incumbent.
D) Apply equal protection, enforce laws without bias, and coordinate with all parties.

A) Assessing reduction in recidivism, public satisfaction, and resource efficiency over time.
B) Reporting political popularity.
C) Measuring officers’ overtime hours.
D) Counting only the number of arrests.

A) Statements may be excluded as violation of rights.
B) Officer is commended for persistence.
C) Confession is valid if obtained later.
D) No consequence if evidence is strong.

A) Sanction consistent with degree of fault and precedent, allowing appeal per civil service rules.
B) Transfer the officer secretly.
C) Dismissal without review.
D) Ignore the case to maintain morale.

A) Build more prisons without study.
B) Increase arrests to show control.
C) Implement alternatives to incarceration and rehabilitative programs evaluated through empirical data.
D) Shorten sentences arbitrarily.

A) Ignore criticism as political.
B) Establish quality assurance programs, independent audits, and blind proficiency testing.
C) Issue media denials only.
D) Replace all analysts without review.

A) Punish the parent for negligence.
B) Apply the law mechanically without exception.
C) Exercise discretion based on humanitarian and situational judgment, documenting reasons for non-arrest.
D) Detain the minor to set example.

A) Deploy tactical units to show authority.
B) Implement community policing emphasizing dialogue, transparency, and participatory problem-solving.
C) Avoid the community until tensions cool.
D) Increase patrols without engagement.

A) Present empirical data, case studies, and policy recommendations grounded in research.
B) Attack political figures personally.
C) Cite emotional anecdotes only.
D) Refuse to answer questions.

A) Establish clear legal basis, accuracy verification, data protection, and human review before action.
B) Operate secretly to avoid oversight.
C) Publicize all scanned identities.
D) Detain all matches automatically.

A) Ignore falsification to protect funding.
B) Retain falsified results for prestige.
C) Report data manipulation, correct findings transparently, and ensure accountability.
D) Delete all records to avoid embarrassment.

A) Maintain the current enforcement-focused approach.
B) Integrate prevention, rehabilitation, and demand-reduction components supported by longitudinal assessment.
C) Increase arrests to meet quotas.
D) Ignore outcome data as irrelevant.

A) Ignore citizen feedback.
B) Develop measurable indicators of community perception and conduct periodic surveys.
C) Assume success after one week.
D) Judge success by number of likes.

A) Compare definitions, time frames, and data collection methods before interpreting trends.
B) Disregard one agency entirely.
C) Combine all figures without explanation.
D) Choose the dataset that supports personal views.

A) Clean the area quietly.
B) Destroy all evidence.
C) Immediately report, isolate affected evidence, document, and request independent verification.
D) Hide the discovery to avoid administrative issues.

A) Ignore threats to public safety.
B) Prohibit all public assemblies.
C) Facilitate lawful protest while preventing violence and protecting property through proportionate measures.
D) Blanket arrests of demonstrators.

A) End all education programs to reduce costs.
B) Focus solely on punishment.
C) Expand inmate education and vocational programs as rehabilitation strategies.
D) Increase solitary confinement.

A) Wait for confirmation by the attackers.
B) Validate intelligence, coordinate with relevant agencies, and implement preemptive security measures.
C) Ignore to avoid false alarms.
D) Release details to the media.

A) Suspend the interrogation, ensure medical or psychological assessment, and resume only under ethical safeguards.
B) Ignore the signs to obtain a confession.
C) Record only partial statements.
D) Continue questioning aggressively.

A) Patrol distance covered.
B) Budget spent on patrols.
C) Levels of community trust, problem-solving engagement, and citizen satisfaction.
D) Number of arrests made.

A) Strengthens transparency.
B) No consequence if information is accurate.
C) Breach of confidentiality—subject to administrative and criminal liability.
D) Encourages investigative reporting.

A) Submit long academic papers without summaries.
B) Publicly criticize noncompliance.
C) Avoid sharing results to stay neutral.
D) Communicate findings in actionable, evidence-based briefs and engage policymakers through dialogue.

A) Allow public opinion to guide investigation.
B) Apply uniform investigative procedures, document decisions
C) Focus on the majority group for convenience.
D) Avoid questioning politically powerful individuals.

A) Add more paperwork layers
B) Rely solely on patrol intuition.
C) Implement computer-aided dispatch systems with geographic crime mapping.
D) Eliminate radio communication.

A) Television access rate.
B) Average vehicle ownership.
C) Number of police stations.
D) Corruption perception index and public trust surveys.

A) Chain of command.
B) Unity of command.
C) Delegation with control—supervision must accompany assignment of responsibility.
D) Equal distribution.

A) Threaten the journalists to cooperate.
B) Refuse unlawful arrests, advise on freedom of the press, and document the directive for legal protection.
C) Follow the order to preserve political harmony.
D) Ignore the issue.

A) Loyalty to colleagues.
B) Negotiation for higher compensation.
C) Silence for personal safety.
D) . Integrity and rejection of corruption—report the bribe attempt through official channels.

A) Punish the researcher.
B) Review recruitment, training, and operational policies to address identified disparities.
C) Deny findings publicly.
D) Ignore the issue to protect image.

A) Autonomy.
B) Centralization of power.
C) Decentralization.
D) Devolution.

A) Neutrality.
B) Cross-examination rights.
C) Scientific ethics—testify only within verified competence.
D) Evidentiary privilege.

A) It avoids legal process.
B) It focuses on repairing harm, promoting accountability, and reintegrating offenders into society.
C) It is less expensive.
D) It punishes offenders harshly.

A) Operational efficiency.
B) Reduced detection.
C) Faster results.
D) Legal admissibility of evidence and exposure to liability.

A) Suppress performance data.
B) Publish annual performance audits and citizen scorecards.
C) Limit access to internal evaluations.
D) Classify all reports as confidential.

A) Time management error.
B) Data reliability issue only.
C) Sampling error.
D) Violation of research ethics regarding autonomy and voluntary participation.

A) Erosion of civil liberties and potential abuse of authority.
B) Increased trust in government.
C) Reduced misinformation.
D) Balanced governance.

A) Publicly shame the officer to deter others.
B) Due process — provide notice, access to evidence, and opportunity to respond.
C) Transfer the officer quietly.
D) Immediate dismissal without hearing.

A) Ignore it as part of punishment.
B) Report the violation to correctional authorities and human rights oversight bodies with documentation.
C) Secretly treat inmates without approval.
D) Publicize it online without verification.

A) Omit it to avoid conflict.
B) Accuse officers by name without proof.
C) Objectively record the contamination, explain its implications, and recommend procedural improvement.
D) Delete affected evidence.

A) Conduct crime mapping to identify hotspots and allocate resources based on spatial analysis.
B) Reduce lighting to save energy.
C) Conduct crime mapping to identify hotspots and allocate resources based on spatial analysis.
D) Wait for political funding.

A) Administrative efficiency.
B) Procedural justice violation and moral disengagement.
C) Rational choice theory.
D) Deterrence theory.

A) Labeling as positive reinforcement.
B) Biological determinism.
C) Effective deterrence.
D) Overcriminalization and incapacitation limits.

A) Disregard retraction as a tactic.
B) Force another confession.
C) Review interview recordings, medical reports, and corroborative evidence to assess voluntariness.
D) Threaten the suspect for dishonesty.

A) Ban all online platforms.
B) Block internet nationwide.
C) Focus solely on arrests.
D) Implement counter-messaging, digital literacy, and intelligence collaboration with legal safeguards.

A) Replace missing funds with estimates.
B) Remove names quietly.
C) Secure payroll records, interview officials, and trace disbursement trails to establish fraudulent intent.
D) Announce findings before verifying.

A) Economic choice model.
B) Retributive model.
C) Classical deterrence model.
D) Biopsychosocial model.

A) Public education.
B) Violation of confidentiality and potential prejudice to ongoing investigation.
C) Enhanced community relations.
D) Deterrence through publicity.

A) Increased punishment satisfaction.
B) Higher inmate population.
C) Lower recidivism and improved reintegration indicators (employment, education, community support).
D) Reduced facility costs.

A) Political popularity.
B) Camera brand and cost.
C) Privacy laws, community consent, and proportionality of surveillance scope.
D) Number of cameras installed.

A) Withdraw charges.
B) Delay the case indefinitely.
C) Ignore the threats.
D) Conduct risk assessment, enhance personal and office security, and coordinate with protective services.

A) Interview only offenders.
B) Combine survey data, hospital records, and NGO reports through triangulation
C) Assume low incidence.
D) Use only police reports

A) Avoid evidence collection against government staff.
B) Publicly accuse all officials.
C) Pursue investigation regardless of rank, maintaining confidentiality and due process.
D) Cover up to avoid institutional damage.

A) Individual anger management failure.
B) Socio-economic inequality, state repression, and power imbalance.
C) Random deviance. D. Personality defect
D) Personality defect of leaders.

A) Political control over police operations.
B) Internal self-review only.
C) Secrecy in all misconduct cases.
D) Independent civilian oversight with disciplinary authority and transparency.

A) Immediate conclusion to save time.
B) Single analyst authority.
C) Confirmation bias.
D) Inter-examiner reliability testing and blind verification.

A) Labeling theory.
B) Routine activity and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED).
C) Social disorganization theory.
D) Biological theory.

A) Media presence.
B) Political timing.
C) Safety of all parties, risk of flight, and minimal intrusion of privacy.
D) Public spectacle.

A) Thematic analysis.
B) Financial forensics using transaction mapping and cross-account verification.
C) Confession-only approach.
D) Simple observation.

A) Classical rational choice theory.
B) Strain and relative deprivation theories.
C) Biological positivism.
D) Routine activity theory.

A) Information sharing through unified command and clear protocols.
B) Independent press briefings.
C) Silo mentality.
D) Rivalry to test competence.

A) Removal of judicial independence.
B) Total immunity of officials.
C) Judicial review and separation of powers to limit executive overreach.
D) Stronger executive powers.