A) Use force against the entire group without distinguishing roles to quickly stop the situation.
B) Release the suspect because he did not physically throw rocks
C) Detain the suspect indefinitely because shouting makes him responsible for the riot.
D) Arrest the suspect for incitement and violent disorder, document witness statements, and seek pobable cause based on both words and conduct

A) Ignore the drugs because they’re not relevant to the bribery case.
B) Modify the warrant on the spot to include drugs without judicial approval.
C) Destroy the drugs to prevent contamination of the scene.
D) Seize the drugs, document the plain-view discovery properly, and add them to the inventory and case file.

A) Wait until all prints can be processed simultaneously
B) Prioritize prints most likely to identify the principal suspect(s) and those linked to violent contact areas, documenting why others remain unprocessed.
C) Randomly process prints to avoid bias.
D) Process prints found on irrelevant background surfaces first.

A) Stop questioning the one who requested counsel until counsel is present; proceed with the other only after ensuring rights were knowingly waived.
B) Force counsel on both suspects
C) Ignore the counsel request because joint questioning is efficient.
D) Continue questioning both together to expedite confession.

A) Arrest the official immediately based on public outrage.
B) Publicly announce the accusation to encourage whistleblowers.
C) Secure financial records, contract files, and correspondence through lawful subpoenas and preserve chain of custody for documents.
D) Question the relatives informally without documentation.

A) Arrest the driver for nervousness alone.
B) Destroy the seals to inspect contents without legal process.
C) Force entry into the crates immediately.
D) Respect refusal, request a canine sniff (where lawful) or obtain a warrant if probable cause can be articulated.

A) Allow crowds to roam to collect more witness statements.
B) Move the body to the morgue
C) Secure and cordon the scene, establish single entry/exit points, and assign officers to preserve evidence and control access.
D) Release witnesses immediately to ease crowd control.

A) Ask witnesses to post their account on public forums.
B) Skip interviews and rely on social media posts.
C) Use focused, structured interviews targeting key witnesses and roles (e.g., first responders, victims, organizers), documenting time, place, and observations.
D) Conduct long, in-depth interviews with each bystander regardless of role.

A) Immediately reset phones to factory settings to prevent data leakage.
B) Let suspects continue using their phones to avoid confrontation.
C) Place phones in Faraday bags or otherwise isolate them, log them, and follow forensic imaging procedures.
D) Hand phones back to suspects after brief notes.

A) Use technical jargon to demonstrate expertise
B) Produce a clear timeline, visual exhibits (flowcharts), and explain transactions in plain language linking them to intent and recipients.
C) Read raw spreadsheets aloud.
D) Refuse to explain accounting methods to avoid oversimplification.

A) Each team uses its own form; discrepancies are normal.
B) Destroy duplicate records to avoid confusion.
C) Establish a unified chain-of-custody protocol beforehand, train personnel, and use single, continuous documentation for each item.
D) Allow field officers to verbalize transfers without written notes.

A) Preserve and submit the footage through official channels for investigation, following department policy.
B) Delete the footage to protect the colleague.
C) Share the footage informally with friends. D. Release the footage on social media.

A) Ignore the confession if it complicates the case.
B) Rely on officer notes only.
C) Keep no record to avoid scrutiny.
D) Record the interview (audio/video), document breaks, advise of rights, and provide access to counsel as required.

A) Conduct surveillance to build probable cause and plan a coordinated arrest/search to maximize evidence recovery while minimizing risk.
B) Immediate raid without planning to ensure surprise.
C) Wait for suspects to make contact to reduce workload.
D) Publicly warn suspects to allow them to leave peacefully.

A) Ignore the threats because they’re anonymous.
B) Publicize the clerk’s identity to attract witnesses.
C) Assess threat credibility, provide protective measures for the clerk, document threats, and investigate possible links to the procurement irregularities.
D) Arrest the procurement officers immediately without evidence.

A) Release the suspect citing ambiguity.
B) Ignore the ordinance and detain anyway.
C) Secure the firearm, detain based on prior conviction restrictions if applicable, document the statutory basis, and consult legal advisors if ordinance is ambiguous.
D) Destroy the firearm to avoid legal debates.

A) Reopen the investigation, preserve the scene, re-interview witnesses, and prioritize forensic reevaluation to collect missed evidence.
B) Arrest random individuals to satisfy public pressure.
C) Ignore forensic findings that contradict the first report.
D) Close the file because initial assessment said accidental.

A) Assess reliability and corroboration of the information, weigh public interest, and coordinate with prosecutors on the terms and documentation.
B) Refuse any cooperation to avoid making deals.
C) Grant immunity immediately to secure testimony.
D) Publicly announce the deal to show toughness.

A) Have one agency claim sole responsibility to insulate others.
B) Assume evidence will be admissible everywhere.
C) Establish cross-jurisdictional agreements, follow highest-standard procedures, and document chain-of-custody and legal bases for actions.
D) Destroy disputed evidence to avoid legal battles.

A) Publish the footage widely to test public reaction.
B) Forensically preserve the original recording, attempt to authenticate source (metadata, chain), and corroborate with other evidence before charging.
C) Alter the recording to remove irrelevant portions.
D) Ignore the video because of unknown origin.

A) Allow suspects to choose which samples are analyzed
B) Wait until all samples can be fully analyzed simultaneously.
C) Discard less clear samples to focus on a single target.
D) Prioritize samples most likely to link perpetrators to violent acts and use presumptive tests, while documenting backlog and rationale.

A) Offer rewards to induce suspects to commit the crime
B) Ensure the undercover operation targets individuals with demonstrated predisposition, avoid persuasion beyond opportunity provision, and document undercover conduct and supervisory approval.
C) Avoid any documentation to protect covert methods.
D) Instruct the officer to coerce suspects into committing crimes.

A) Dispose of older files to free storage.
B) Digitize records with secure backups, index for retrieval, and follow retention rules while preserving originals and chain-of-custody metadata.
C) Store files in non-climate-controlled areas to save cost.
D) Leave files as-is to avoid tampering.

A) Promise the witness immunity without prosecutor approval.
B) Force the witness to testify without protection.
C) Dismiss the witness and rely solely on circumstantial evidence.
D) Offer appropriate protective measures (anonymity where allowed, relocation, witness protection options), corroborate witness statements with independent evidence, and document all steps.

A) An opinion piece summarizing public frustration.
B) A short memo with allegations but no supporting exhibits.
C) Oral briefings without written record.
D) A structured investigative file linking actions to laws, with timelines, documentary evidence, witness statements, forensic accounting, and chain-of-custody documentation.

A) Ignore the mayor’s order and leave the area.
B) Arrest all protesters to avoid confrontation.
C) Execute the order immediately without question.
D) Seek clarification and refuse to use force if it violates constitutional rights, documenting the order and advising superiors.

A) Release the intelligence to media for awareness.
B) Ignore the threat to prevent panic.
C) Share verified intelligence with relevant units, recommend preventive deployment, and monitor for threat escalation.
D) Cancel the event without confirmation.

A) Ignore it to maintain camaraderie.
B) Report the misconduct through official internal affairs channels with documented evidence.
C) Post the discovery on social media for public reaction.
D) Confront the colleague privately and drop the matter.

A) Wait for political approval before acting.
B) Local authorities should ignore national directives.
C) Compete for control to assert jurisdiction.
D) Follow the established chain of command, coordinate through inter-agency mechanisms, and ensure decisions prioritize life and safety.

A) Copy online files anonymously to save time.
B) Retrieve the evidence personally without coordination.
C) Rely on media leaks as primary evidence.
D) Secure mutual legal assistance through diplomatic channels, authenticating evidence under international protocols.

A) Disregard all tips from the informant permanently.
B) Leak the tip to journalists for verification.
C) Immediately act on the tip to prove trust.
D) Evaluate the new information for corroboration before acting, documenting the informant’s credibility history.

A) Reading assignments with no assessment.
B) Lecture-only sessions on legal definitions.
C) Scenario-based simulations that require applying principles, analyzing consequences, and making ethical decisions.
D) Rote memorization of procedures.

A) The suspect’s reputation justifies entry.
B) Evidence can be used if the media publicizes it.
C) Evidence is admissible since drugs were found.
D) Evidence may be suppressed due to unlawful entry without exigent circumstances.

A) Blame media influence alone.
B) Use anecdotal accounts without research.
C) Focus solely on crime rates.
D) Conduct a multifactor analysis considering socio-economic, family, and peer influences supported by field data.

A) Resign immediately without report.
B) Maintain objectivity, document all communications, and escalate unethical interference through proper oversight channels.
C) Alter findings to satisfy superiors.
D) Leak information to social media.

A) Guess the labels based on memory.
B) Suspend analysis, notify superiors, re-label under observation, and document corrective action.
C) Ignore it if the bags are sealed.
D) Continue analysis to save time.

A) Use mixed methods: statistical analysis of parole records plus qualitative interviews, ensuring ethical confidentiality.
B) Interview a few acquaintances for opinions.
C) Use social media surveys only.
D) Generalize from foreign data without context.

A) Document the incident and report through ethics or internal affairs units.
B) Publicly accuse the superior without proof.
C) Accept the practice as normal.
D) Request a share to maintain harmony.

A) Use a single-year snapshot.
B) Compare longitudinal crime data with periods of governance shifts and social unrest indicators.
C) Rely solely on anecdotal reports.
D) Assume correlation without data.

A) Avoid visibility to prevent controversy.
B) Provide security favoring the incumbent.
C) Deny opposition permits to maintain order.
D) Apply equal protection, enforce laws without bias, and coordinate with all parties.

A) Assessing reduction in recidivism, public satisfaction, and resource efficiency over time.
B) Counting only the number of arrests.
C) Reporting political popularity.
D) Measuring officers’ overtime hours.

A) Officer is commended for persistence.
B) Statements may be excluded as violation of rights.
C) Confession is valid if obtained later.
D) No consequence if evidence is strong.

A) Sanction consistent with degree of fault and precedent, allowing appeal per civil service rules.
B) Transfer the officer secretly.
C) Dismissal without review.
D) Ignore the case to maintain morale.

A) Increase arrests to show control.
B) Build more prisons without study.
C) Shorten sentences arbitrarily.
D) Implement alternatives to incarceration and rehabilitative programs evaluated through empirical data.

A) Ignore criticism as political.
B) Issue media denials only.
C) Establish quality assurance programs, independent audits, and blind proficiency testing.
D) Replace all analysts without review.

A) Detain the minor to set example.
B) Exercise discretion based on humanitarian and situational judgment, documenting reasons for non-arrest.
C) Apply the law mechanically without exception.
D) Punish the parent for negligence.

A) Deploy tactical units to show authority.
B) Implement community policing emphasizing dialogue, transparency, and participatory problem-solving.
C) Avoid the community until tensions cool.
D) Increase patrols without engagement.

A) Attack political figures personally.
B) Present empirical data, case studies, and policy recommendations grounded in research.
C) Refuse to answer questions.
D) Cite emotional anecdotes only.

A) Detain all matches automatically.
B) Publicize all scanned identities.
C) Establish clear legal basis, accuracy verification, data protection, and human review before action.
D) Operate secretly to avoid oversight.

A) Delete all records to avoid embarrassment.
B) Retain falsified results for prestige.
C) Report data manipulation, correct findings transparently, and ensure accountability.
D) Ignore falsification to protect funding.

A) Integrate prevention, rehabilitation, and demand-reduction components supported by longitudinal assessment.
B) Maintain the current enforcement-focused approach.
C) Ignore outcome data as irrelevant.
D) Increase arrests to meet quotas.

A) Judge success by number of likes.
B) Develop measurable indicators of community perception and conduct periodic surveys.
C) Ignore citizen feedback.
D) Assume success after one week.

A) Disregard one agency entirely.
B) Compare definitions, time frames, and data collection methods before interpreting trends.
C) Choose the dataset that supports personal views.
D) Combine all figures without explanation.

A) Hide the discovery to avoid administrative issues.
B) Immediately report, isolate affected evidence, document, and request independent verification.
C) Clean the area quietly.
D) Destroy all evidence.

A) Facilitate lawful protest while preventing violence and protecting property through proportionate measures.
B) Blanket arrests of demonstrators.
C) Ignore threats to public safety.
D) Prohibit all public assemblies.

A) Increase solitary confinement.
B) End all education programs to reduce costs.
C) Focus solely on punishment.
D) Expand inmate education and vocational programs as rehabilitation strategies.

A) Ignore to avoid false alarms.
B) Release details to the media.
C) Wait for confirmation by the attackers.
D) Validate intelligence, coordinate with relevant agencies, and implement preemptive security measures.

A) Continue questioning aggressively.
B) Ignore the signs to obtain a confession.
C) Suspend the interrogation, ensure medical or psychological assessment, and resume only under ethical safeguards.
D) Record only partial statements.

A) Number of arrests made.
B) Patrol distance covered.
C) Levels of community trust, problem-solving engagement, and citizen satisfaction.
D) Budget spent on patrols.

A) Breach of confidentiality—subject to administrative and criminal liability.
B) Strengthens transparency.
C) No consequence if information is accurate.
D) Encourages investigative reporting.

A) Publicly criticize noncompliance.
B) Communicate findings in actionable, evidence-based briefs and engage policymakers through dialogue.
C) Submit long academic papers without summaries.
D) Avoid sharing results to stay neutral.

A) Apply uniform investigative procedures, document decisions
B) Avoid questioning politically powerful individuals.
C) Allow public opinion to guide investigation.
D) Focus on the majority group for convenience.

A) Implement computer-aided dispatch systems with geographic crime mapping.
B) Eliminate radio communication.
C) Add more paperwork layers
D) Rely solely on patrol intuition.

A) Number of police stations.
B) Corruption perception index and public trust surveys.
C) Television access rate.
D) Average vehicle ownership.

A) Unity of command.
B) Chain of command.
C) Delegation with control—supervision must accompany assignment of responsibility.
D) Equal distribution.

A) Refuse unlawful arrests, advise on freedom of the press, and document the directive for legal protection.
B) Follow the order to preserve political harmony.
C) Threaten the journalists to cooperate.
D) Ignore the issue.

A) Silence for personal safety.
B) Negotiation for higher compensation.
C) Loyalty to colleagues.
D) . Integrity and rejection of corruption—report the bribe attempt through official channels.

A) Ignore the issue to protect image.
B) Punish the researcher.
C) Review recruitment, training, and operational policies to address identified disparities.
D) Deny findings publicly.

A) Devolution.
B) Autonomy.
C) Centralization of power.
D) Decentralization.

A) Scientific ethics—testify only within verified competence.
B) Neutrality.
C) Cross-examination rights.
D) Evidentiary privilege.

A) It is less expensive.
B) It punishes offenders harshly.
C) It avoids legal process.
D) It focuses on repairing harm, promoting accountability, and reintegrating offenders into society.

A) Reduced detection.
B) Operational efficiency.
C) Faster results.
D) Legal admissibility of evidence and exposure to liability.

A) Suppress performance data.
B) Limit access to internal evaluations.
C) Classify all reports as confidential.
D) Publish annual performance audits and citizen scorecards.

A) Data reliability issue only.
B) Sampling error.
C) Violation of research ethics regarding autonomy and voluntary participation.
D) Time management error.

A) Erosion of civil liberties and potential abuse of authority.
B) Increased trust in government.
C) Balanced governance.
D) Reduced misinformation.

A) Publicly shame the officer to deter others.
B) Immediate dismissal without hearing.
C) Transfer the officer quietly.
D) Due process — provide notice, access to evidence, and opportunity to respond.

A) Report the violation to correctional authorities and human rights oversight bodies with documentation.
B) Secretly treat inmates without approval.
C) Ignore it as part of punishment.
D) Publicize it online without verification.

A) Accuse officers by name without proof.
B) Delete affected evidence.
C) Objectively record the contamination, explain its implications, and recommend procedural improvement.
D) Omit it to avoid conflict.

A) Reduce lighting to save energy.
B) Conduct crime mapping to identify hotspots and allocate resources based on spatial analysis.
C) Wait for political funding.
D) Conduct crime mapping to identify hotspots and allocate resources based on spatial analysis.

A) Procedural justice violation and moral disengagement.
B) Administrative efficiency.
C) Deterrence theory.
D) Rational choice theory.

A) Effective deterrence.
B) Labeling as positive reinforcement.
C) Biological determinism.
D) Overcriminalization and incapacitation limits.

A) Review interview recordings, medical reports, and corroborative evidence to assess voluntariness.
B) Force another confession.
C) Threaten the suspect for dishonesty.
D) Disregard retraction as a tactic.

A) Ban all online platforms.
B) Focus solely on arrests.
C) Implement counter-messaging, digital literacy, and intelligence collaboration with legal safeguards.
D) Block internet nationwide.

A) Secure payroll records, interview officials, and trace disbursement trails to establish fraudulent intent.
B) Replace missing funds with estimates.
C) Remove names quietly.
D) Announce findings before verifying.

A) Classical deterrence model.
B) Biopsychosocial model.
C) Retributive model.
D) Economic choice model.

A) Violation of confidentiality and potential prejudice to ongoing investigation.
B) Deterrence through publicity.
C) Public education.
D) Enhanced community relations.

A) Reduced facility costs.
B) Increased punishment satisfaction.
C) Higher inmate population.
D) Lower recidivism and improved reintegration indicators (employment, education, community support).

A) Political popularity.
B) Number of cameras installed.
C) Camera brand and cost.
D) Privacy laws, community consent, and proportionality of surveillance scope.

A) Ignore the threats.
B) Withdraw charges.
C) Conduct risk assessment, enhance personal and office security, and coordinate with protective services.
D) Delay the case indefinitely.

A) Use only police reports
B) Assume low incidence.
C) Combine survey data, hospital records, and NGO reports through triangulation
D) Interview only offenders.

A) Avoid evidence collection against government staff.
B) Cover up to avoid institutional damage.
C) Pursue investigation regardless of rank, maintaining confidentiality and due process.
D) Publicly accuse all officials.

A) Personality defect of leaders.
B) Individual anger management failure.
C) Socio-economic inequality, state repression, and power imbalance.
D) Random deviance. D. Personality defect

A) Independent civilian oversight with disciplinary authority and transparency.
B) Secrecy in all misconduct cases.
C) Internal self-review only.
D) Political control over police operations.

A) Single analyst authority.
B) Confirmation bias.
C) Inter-examiner reliability testing and blind verification.
D) Immediate conclusion to save time.

A) Social disorganization theory.
B) Routine activity and Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED).
C) Biological theory.
D) Labeling theory.

A) Safety of all parties, risk of flight, and minimal intrusion of privacy.
B) Media presence.
C) Political timing.
D) Public spectacle.

A) Confession-only approach.
B) Simple observation.
C) Financial forensics using transaction mapping and cross-account verification.
D) Thematic analysis.

A) Strain and relative deprivation theories.
B) Classical rational choice theory.
C) Biological positivism.
D) Routine activity theory.

A) Silo mentality.
B) Rivalry to test competence.
C) Information sharing through unified command and clear protocols.
D) Independent press briefings.

A) Total immunity of officials.
B) Judicial review and separation of powers to limit executive overreach.
C) Removal of judicial independence.
D) Stronger executive powers.