- 1. The Kingdom of Romania during the interwar period, spanning from the end of World War I in 1918 to the onset of World War II in 1939, was characterized by a complex tapestry of political, social, and economic changes that marked its evolution from a newly unified state to a prominent player in Eastern Europe. Following the 1918 union of Transylvania with the Romanian Kingdom, which brought significant territorial expansion, the country faced the challenge of integrating diverse ethnic groups, including Hungarians, Saxons, and Romani, amidst rising nationalist sentiments. The interwar years were marked by political instability, with a fluctuating parliamentary democracy and frequent changes in government. The rise of various political movements, including the far-right Iron Guard and the Communist Party, reflected the growing unrest and socio-economic challenges, such as agrarian distress and urban labor strikes. King Ferdinand I's progressive reforms aimed to modernize the agricultural sector and promote national unity, yet the struggles with economic crisis and the influence of foreign powers like France and neighboring Hungary created a tumultuous political landscape. The decade of the 1930s saw Romania shifting towards authoritarianism under King Carol II, who imposed a royal dictatorship in an attempt to stabilize the country amid rising geopolitical tensions in Europe, which ultimately set the stage for Romania's entry into World War II. The interwar period remains a crucial chapter in Romanian history, embodying the struggles of a nation grappling with its identity, governance, and role in a rapidly changing European context.
What was the name of the period of authoritarian rule established by King Carol II?
A) Royal Dictatorship
B) Fascist Regime
C) People's Republic
D) Communist Rule
- 2. Which major event in Europe in 1929 significantly impacted Romania?
A) World War I
B) Russian Revolution
C) Italian Invasion
D) Great Depression
- 3. The Iron Guard was associated with which ideology?
A) Socialism
B) Liberalism
C) Fascism
D) Communism
- 4. Who succeeded King Ferdinand I after his death in 1927?
A) King Michael I
B) King Charles I
C) King Charles II
D) King Carol II
- 5. What year marked the start of the Royal Dictatorship in Romania?
A) 1940
B) 1945
C) 1938
D) 1935
- 6. Which city became the capital of Romania in 1862?
A) Iasi
B) Timisoara
C) Bucharest
D) Cluj-Napoca
- 7. What was the 1923 Constitution known for?
A) Abolishing all parties
B) Enforcing strict censorship
C) Establishing civil rights
D) Granting absolute monarchy
- 8. What natural resource was particularly significant to Romania’s economy?
A) Gold
B) Coal
C) Uranium
D) Oil
- 9. What was the impact of land reforms in interwar Romania?
A) Redistribution of land to peasants
B) Extension of aristocratic estates
C) Consolidation of land ownership
D) Creation of new cities
- 10. The Romanian economy during the interwar period was largely reliant on which sector?
A) Agriculture
B) Manufacturing
C) Technology
D) Services
- 11. In what year did King Carol II abdicate?
A) 1938
B) 1945
C) 1940
D) 1939
- 12. Who was the notable fascist leader in Romania during the interwar period?
A) Nicolae Ceausescu
B) Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej
C) Corneliu Zelea Codreanu
D) Ion Antonescu
- 13. What was Romania’s stance at the beginning of World War II?
A) Pro-Axis
B) Involved
C) Neutral
D) Pro-Allied
- 14. Which organization aimed to unite Romanian territories in the interwar period?
A) Little Romania
B) Romanian Union
C) Romania Mare
D) Greater Romania
- 15. When did Romania officially become a kingdom?
A) 1918
B) 1900
C) 1881
D) 1866
- 16. What was the popular nationalist sentiment in Romania during interwar years?
A) Globalism
B) Irredentism
C) Pan-Slavism
D) Internationalism
- 17. The Treaty of Trianon (1920) affected Romania’s borders with which country?
A) Hungary
B) Serbia
C) Bulgaria
D) Ukraine
- 18. What significant treaty recognized Romania's borders post-World War I?
A) Treaty of Bucharest
B) Treaty of Saint-Germain
C) Treaty of Versailles
D) Treaty of Trianon
- 19. Which event marked the end of the interwar period in Romania?
A) The rise of communism
B) The abdication of Carol II
C) World War II
D) The Great Depression
- 20. In 1941, Romania allied with Nazi Germany to attack which country?
A) Finland
B) Soviet Union
C) Hungary
D) Poland
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