A) Infection at the puncture site B) Immediate paralysis C) Post-dural-puncture headache with nausea D) Severe back pain
A) Strict maintenance of a supine posture for two hours B) Immediate lumbar surgery C) Use of antibiotics D) Intravenous caffeine injection
A) A headache that occurs only when sitting up B) Immediate relief after fluid infusion C) Headache relieved by lying down D) Nausea without headache
A) Epidural blood patch B) Antibiotic therapy C) Increased physical activity D) Immediate lumbar surgery
A) Only affects success rate, not headache B) Has no effect on the risk C) Reduces the risk significantly D) Increases the risk significantly
A) Severe back pain B) Immediate paralysis C) Loss of consciousness D) Anomalous sensations (paresthesia) in a leg
A) C7 B) L3/L4 C) T12 D) Inferior border of L1
A) It leads to severe headaches B) Because it causes immediate paralysis C) It increases the risk of infection D) Due to the risk of back pain exacerbation
A) Perforation of abnormal dural arterio-venous malformations B) Frequent need for analgesia C) Immediate recovery without complications D) Common occurrence of infections
A) Computed tomography (CT) of the brain B) Immediate lumbar surgery C) Intravenous antibiotic therapy D) Strict bed rest
A) Use of aseptic technique B) Inadvertent puncture of the dura mater C) Proper needle placement D) Immediate fluid withdrawal
A) They permanently cure IIH B) They are the primary and most effective treatment for IIH C) They prevent uncal herniation D) They may improve symptoms by reducing cerebrospinal fluid pressure temporarily
A) Immediate cure for idiopathic intracranial hypertension B) Permanent relief from headaches C) Improved vision permanently D) Uncal herniation
A) Coagulopathy or decreased platelet count (<50 billion/L) B) Normal pressure hydrocephalus C) Increased intracranial pressure without any other conditions D) Focal neurological signs
A) Altered gait B) Headache C) Urinary incontinence D) Dementia
A) It is always safe regardless of the physician's experience B) It may pose risks if performed by an inexperienced physician C) Lumbar puncture can correct vertebral deformities D) Deformities do not affect the procedure
A) Normal pressure hydrocephalus B) Coagulopathy C) Increased blood pressure D) Idiopathic intracranial hypertension
A) Kidney stones B) Peptic ulcer C) Gallbladder inflammation D) Suspected meningitis
A) Heinrich Quincke B) Alexander Fleming C) Louis Pasteur D) Edward Jenner
A) Meningitis B) Diabetes C) Asthma D) Eczema
A) X-ray B) MRI C) Ultrasound D) CT scan
A) 200–250 mL B) 50–75 mL C) 125–150 mL D) 300–350 mL
A) Arachnoid granulations B) Cauda equina C) Lumbar cistern D) Conus medullaris
A) Sitting on a stool with head and shoulders forward B) On their side, approximating a fetal position C) Lying flat on their back D) Standing upright
A) The patient feels a sharp pain B) A second 'give' is felt as the needle enters the lumbar cistern C) Cerebrospinal fluid immediately flows out D) The needle encounters resistance
A) Fluoroscopy (continuous X-ray imaging) B) CT scan C) Ultrasound D) MRI
A) Cincinnati method B) Miami method C) Boston method D) Denver method
A) A storage room B) An autoclave C) A refrigerator D) The laboratory
A) Room temperature B) Heated C) Refrigerated D) Frozen
A) Gram staining B) Erythrophagocytosis C) Hemolysis D) Pleocytosis
A) Antibody-mediated tests B) Microbiological culture C) Gram staining D) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
A) Microbiological culture B) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) C) India ink test D) Gram staining
A) Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) test B) Gram staining C) Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) D) India ink test
A) Common bacterial pathogens B) Viral infections C) Leukemia D) Fungal infections
A) Equal to peripheral levels B) About 60% C) About 40% D) About 80%
A) Diabetes B) De Vivo disease C) Multiple sclerosis D) Hereditary mitochondrial disease
A) Hepatic encephalopathies B) Diabetes C) Viral infections D) Bacterial meningitis
A) Hypocapnia B) Bacterial meningitis C) Cancer of the CNS D) Heritable mitochondrial disease
A) Multiple sclerosis B) Hydrocephalus C) Narcolepsy type 1 D) Diabetes
A) Peripheral infection B) Intrathecal antibody production C) Diabetes D) Normal immune function
A) Arthur H. Wentworth B) Johns Hopkins C) Heinrich Quincke D) Walter Essex Wynter
A) 1891 B) 1920 C) 1893 D) 1889
A) Walter Essex Wynter B) Heinrich Quincke C) Arthur H. Wentworth D) Johns Hopkins
A) 1889 B) 1920 C) 1891 D) 1893
A) 1970s B) 1920s C) 1890s D) 1980s |