- 1. What phenomenon became a common feature in urbanized and industrialized societies after the Second World War?
A) Mass emigration
B) Cultural rebellion
C) Industrial collapse
D) Economic depression
- 2. What did governments seek to improve for their citizens during the ideological competition of the Cold War?
A) Material standards of living
B) Military training
C) Agricultural output
D) Religious devotion
- 3. What did young people feel that led them to assert their individuality, freedom, and authenticity?
A) Extreme physical exhaustion
B) A sense of alienation
C) Overwhelming gratitude
D) A deep sense of patriotism
- 4. Which journalist coined the phrase 'Me Decade' to describe the 1960s?
A) Timothy Leary
B) Albert Hoffmann
C) Todd Gitlin
D) Tom Wolfe
E) J. Edgar Hoover
- 5. By what time had elements of the counterculture already entered public consciousness on both sides of the Atlantic?
A) Late 1950s
B) Early 1960s
C) Early 1970s
D) Late 1970s
- 6. Who acknowledged that the 'most important problem of our epoch' was the empty materialism and superficiality of modern life?
A) Konrad Adenauer
B) Joseph Stalin
C) Yuri Andropov
D) Leonid Brezhnev
- 7. What was the name of the official Soviet youth periodical that called for attention to contemporary young people's psychology?
A) Trud
B) Pravda
C) Komsomol'skaia pravda
D) Izvestia
- 8. By what year was counterculture considered a serious threat by authorities?
A) 1972
B) 1960
C) 1968
D) 1963
- 9. Which U.S. agency reported to the President that counterculture was a highly disruptive force?
A) National Security Agency
B) Department of Defense
C) Federal Bureau of Investigation
D) Central Intelligence Agency
- 10. Who was the long-time director of the FBI who suspected students' protests were instigated by Communists?
A) Yuri Andropov
B) J. Edgar Hoover
C) Tom Wolfe
D) Konrad Adenauer
- 11. What did the CIA subsequently find regarding the suspicion of foreign subversion in student protests?
A) No evidence
B) Direct Chinese involvement
C) Conclusive proof
D) Soviet financial records
- 12. Which KGB director became paranoid about internal security regarding counterculture?
A) Yuri Andropov
B) Nikita Khrushchev
C) Joseph Stalin
D) Leonid Brezhnev
- 13. Under which General Secretary did the KGB amplify its efforts to suppress politically dissident voices?
A) Mikhail Gorbachev
B) Vladimir Lenin
C) Joseph Stalin
D) Leonid Brezhnev
- 14. How did hindsight prove the CIA's assessments of the youth movements?
A) Overly pessimistic
B) Entirely accurate
C) Understated
D) Dangerously naive
- 15. What phrase best describes the nature of the youth movements according to the text?
A) A silent revolution
B) A violent insurrection
C) A bark worse than their bite
D) An unstoppable force
- 16. Did the proponents of counterculture demand the complete destruction of society?
A) Only in the Soviet Union
B) No
C) Only in the United States
D) Yes
- 17. Where did the loudest and most visible participants of counterculture often come from?
A) Privileged backgrounds
B) Working-class families
C) Impoverished urban areas
D) Rural farming communities
- 18. What was a characteristic feature of the privileged background of visible counterculture participants?
A) Severe economic hardship
B) Early entry into factory labor
C) Unheard-of access to higher education
D) Mandatory military service
- 19. Which of the following was NOT a drug included in the counterculture's pharmacopeia?
A) Marijuana
B) Amphetamines
C) Penicillin
D) Magic mushrooms
- 20. What was the common name for amphetamines mentioned in the text?
A) Purple hearts
B) Blue angels
C) White lightning
D) Red devils
- 21. What was the most notorious substance associated with the counterculture?
A) Ecstasy
B) Acid
C) Cocaine
D) Heroin
- 22. What is the chemical name for 'acid' mentioned in the text?
A) Tetrahydrocannabinol
B) Methamphetamine hydrochloride
C) Lysergic acid diethylamide
D) Dimethyltryptamine
- 23. In what year was LSD synthesized?
A) 1952
B) 1938
C) 1968
D) 1945
- 24. Who synthesized LSD in his quest to cure migraine?
A) Tom Wolfe
B) Allen Ginsberg
C) Albert Hoffmann
D) Timothy Leary
- 25. Who promoted the use of LSD as a psychedelic drug in the 1960s?
A) Albert Hoffmann
B) Konrad Adenauer
C) Timothy Leary
D) J. Edgar Hoover
- 26. What event made LSD even more popular in 1966?
A) A presidential executive order
B) Its inclusion in medical textbooks
C) Attempts to ban it
D) A major scientific endorsement
- 27. Which cultural icon of the late 1960s was known for using LSD?
A) Tom Wolfe
B) Leonid Brezhnev
C) Allen Ginsberg
D) Konrad Adenauer
- 28. What did conservative students object to during the 1960s?
A) Technological advancement
B) Capitalism
C) Higher education
D) The counterculture
- 29. Which book was read by conservative students to celebrate their ideals?
A) The Me Decade
B) A Study of Communism
C) The Communist Manifesto
D) Das Kapital
- 30. Which student organization did conservative students join?
A) College Republicans
B) Komsomol
C) Young Socialist Alliance
D) Students for a Democratic Society
- 31. What kind of events did conservative students organize to reinforce gender norms?
A) Psychedelic happenings
B) Anti-war protests
C) Communist rallies
D) Greek events
- 32. How do historians view the influence of countercultural movements in American politics and society?
A) They completely ignore it
B) They disagree over it
C) They view it as entirely insignificant
D) They agree it destroyed the nation
- 33. How does sociologist Todd Gitlin describe the countercultural movement?
A) Pragmatic
B) Self-indulgent
C) Altruistic
D) Deeply spiritual
- 34. According to Todd Gitlin, the countercultural movement was childish, irrational, narcissistic, and what else?
A) Beneficial
B) Enlightening
C) Visionary
D) Dangerous
- 35. What is a possible outcome of the countercultural movement suggested at the end of the text?
A) Permanently abolishing higher education
B) Establishing a socialist utopia
C) Creating new marketing segments for the 'hip' crowd
D) Overthrowing Western governments
- 36. Which demographic cohort precedes baby boomers?
A) Millennials
B) Generation Z
C) Silent Generation
D) Generation X
- 37. Which demographic cohort follows baby boomers?
A) Baby boomers
B) Silent Generation
C) Generation X
D) Greatest Generation
- 38. The baby boom was a population increase that followed the end of which conflict?
A) World War II
B) The Vietnam War
C) The Cold War
D) World War I
- 39. Most boomers are typically the parents of which generations?
A) Silent Generation and Baby Boomers
B) Generation X, Millennials, and older Generation Z
C) Generation Alpha only
D) The Greatest Generation only
- 40. What type of environment did many Western boomers grow up expecting?
A) Total isolation from technological progress
B) Economic prosperity and the world improving with time
C) Permanent global warfare
D) Constant economic collapse and societal ruin
- 41. What is another name for younger US boomers who came of age during the malaise years?
A) Generation Jones
B) The Greatest Generation
C) Leading-edge boomers
D) The Silent Generation
- 42. What policy were baby boomers in China subjected to as adults?
A) One-child policy
B) Two-child policy
C) No-marriage policy
D) Three-child policy
- 43. In the United States, what is the age demographic that remains larger than baby boomers?
A) Generation X
B) Millennials
C) Silent Generation
D) Generation Z
- 44. Which reporter described the post-World War II population increase as a 'boom' in a May 4, 1951, column?
A) Sylvia F. Porter
B) Landon Jones
C) David Foot
D) Leslie J. Nason
- 45. What was the population increase percentage in the U.S. from the 1940 census to the 1950 census cited by Sylvia F. Porter?
A) 20.5%
B) 10.0%
C) 14.5%
D) 5.5%
- 46. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, when did the modern meaning of 'baby boomer' date to?
A) January 1, 1960
B) May 4, 1951
C) January 23, 1970
D) December 31, 1980
- 47. Which publication featured the January 23, 1970, article cited by the Oxford English Dictionary?
A) New York Post
B) The Washington Post
C) The Times
D) Daily Press
- 48. Which book did Landon Jones publish in 1980 regarding the baby boom generation?
A) Les Baby-Boomers: Une génération
B) Le Fabuleux Destin des Baby-Boomers
C) Great Expectations: America and the Baby Boom Generation
D) Boom, Bust and Echo
- 49. Who wrote the 1997 book 'Boom, Bust and Echo: Profiting from the Demographic Shift in the 21st Century'?
A) Bernard Salt
B) David Foot
C) Neil Howe
D) Doug Owram
- 50. Who wrote the 2019 book 'Le Fabuleux Destin des Baby-Boomers'?
A) Doug Owram
B) Jean-François Sirinelli
C) Michèle Delaunay
D) David Foot
- 51. Who wrote the study 'Les Baby-Boomers: Une génération 1945-1969'?
A) Landon Jones
B) Michèle Delaunay
C) Bernard Salt
D) Jean-François Sirinelli
- 52. According to the Office for National Statistics, how many baby booms did the UK have in the middle of the 20th century?
A) Three
B) Two
C) Four
D) One
- 53. Where does Bernard Salt place the Australian baby boom?
A) Between 1947 and 1966
B) Between 1943 and 1960
C) Between 1945 and 1969
D) Between 1946 and 1961
- 54. What are individuals born between 1946 and 1955 in the US often called?
A) Millennials
B) Trailing-edge boomers
C) Leading-edge boomers
D) Generation Jones
- 55. Which historical eras did leading-edge US boomers come of age during?
A) Cultural Revolution and one-child policy
B) Watergate scandal and 1970s economic struggles
C) Vietnam War and Civil Rights eras
D) Great Depression and World War II
- 56. Approximately how many people belong to the leading-edge boomer cohort in the U.S.?
A) 37,818,000
B) 38,002,000
C) 400,000
D) 19,161,229
- 57. Roughly what fraction of baby boomer men served in the military in the U.S.?
A) 1 in 2
B) 1 in 10
C) 1 in 20
D) 1 in 4
- 58. Approximately how many people belong to the Generation Jones cohort in the U.S.?
A) 38,002,000
B) 400,000
C) 19,161,229
D) 37,818,000
- 59. Which country has the largest baby-boom cohort in the world?
A) China
B) Japan
C) South Korea
D) Taiwan
- 60. Who referred to many Chinese neighborhoods as being disproportionately filled with the elderly?
A) Howard French
B) The Chinese Communist Party
C) The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
D) The National Development Council
- 61. According to the National Development Council of Taiwan, when could the nation's population start shrinking?
A) 2027
B) 2034
C) 2022
D) 2040
- 62. By what year could the number of people of working age fall by 10% in Taiwan?
A) 2040
B) 2022
C) 2034
D) 2027
- 63. Which listed place transitions from an aged to a super-aged society the fastest according to the text?
A) Japan
B) Taiwan
C) Singapore
D) United States
- 64. In what year did Japan's population peak?
A) 2040
B) 2022
C) 2017
D) 2018
- 65. What percentage of Japan's population are forecast to be elderly by 2040?
A) 35%
B) 27%
C) 50%
D) 21%
- 66. By what year was Japan already a super-aged society with 27% of its people older than 65?
A) 2022
B) 2018
C) 2017
D) 2040
- 67. In which country did a baby boom occur in the aftermath of the Korean War?
A) South Korea
B) China
C) Taiwan
D) Japan
- 68. What has the South Korean government used in recent times to try to increase the national fertility rate?
A) Mandatory marriage laws
B) Subsidies
C) Compulsory labor programs
D) Tax penalties
- 69. How many years does it take France to transition from an aged to a super-aged society?
A) 51
B) 14
C) 29
D) 8
- 70. How many years does it take the United Kingdom to transition from an aged to a super-aged society?
A) 11
B) 51
C) 14
D) 29
- 71. What is the term for the shift from traditional to expressive and individualistic values that began by the 1960s?
A) The great cultural awakening
B) The second demographic transition
C) The modern ideological shift
D) The post-war sociological evolution
- 72. Where is Europe's aging population problem especially acute?
A) Western Europe
B) Scandinavia
C) Southern Europe
D) Eastern Europe
- 73. How is the aging population problem alleviated in Western Europe?
A) Lower life expectancies
B) International immigration
C) Government retirement incentives
D) Higher birth rates
- 74. What percentage of the population of the European Union were 65 or older in 2018?
A) 25.40%
B) 10.50%
C) 19.70%
D) 31.20%
- 75. What was the median age in the European Union in 2019?
A) 43
B) 51
C) 29
D) 35
- 76. According to the Pew Research Center, how many baby boomers were estimated to be in the United States as of 2019?
A) 62.1 million
B) 89.4 million
C) 71.6 million
D) 50.2 million
- 77. Which pediatrician published 'The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care' in 1946?
A) Lyndon B. Johnson
B) David Foot
C) Benjamin Spock
D) Mao Zedong
- 78. What financial assistance program did the United States offer to Western European nations after the Second World War?
A) The Great Leap Forward
B) The Marshall Plan
C) The Hart-Celler Act
D) The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
- 79. What phenomenon in the United States saw the beginning of mass development in residential areas outside cities, unlike in European democracies?
A) Suburbanization
B) Urban renewal
C) Industrial zoning
D) High-rise centralization
- 80. What was a consequence of measles vaccination in the United States besides falling childhood mortality rates?
A) Rising family income
B) Decreased immigration rates
C) A surge in housing prices
D) Lower university tuition fees
- 81. What major goal did practically all governments in the developing world pursue?
A) Industrial automation
B) Compulsory military service
C) Universal literacy
D) Universal higher education
- 82. What did James R. Flynn examine in the 1980s?
A) University enrollment numbers
B) Economic inflation rates
C) Psychometric data
D) High school dropout statistics
- 83. Which mathematical school heavily influenced educational reforms in the late 1950s?
A) Newtonian circle
B) Nicholas Bourbaki school
C) Euclidean institute
D) Pythagorean academy
- 84. Who headed the commission established in France to work out the details of mathematics education reforms?
A) André Lichnerowicz
B) James R. Flynn
C) James B. Conant
D) Edward Mills Purcell
- 85. Before World War II, the share of university-educated people was negligible in most nations except which country?
A) France
B) West Germany
C) The United States
D) United Kingdom
- 86. In South Korea, the share of the population that were university students grew from around 0.8% to what percentage between 1975 and 1983?
A) 10%
B) 5%
C) 1.5%
D) 3%
- 87. Who wrote the 1959 book 'The American High School Today', critiquing the status quo of education?
A) Herbert Callen
B) Peter Turchin
C) James B. Conant
D) André Lichnerowicz
- 88. According to a Life magazine report following the Sputnik launch, what proportion of American high-school students took no physics at all?
A) All of them
B) One quarter
C) Three quarters
D) Half
- 89. Which U.S. President gave direct orders for major science education reforms and increased federal funding for research?
A) Dwight D. Eisenhower
B) John F. Kennedy
C) Franklin D. Roosevelt
D) Harry S. Truman
- 90. Who authored the famous undergraduate physics textbook 'Electricity and Magnetism' as part of the Berkeley series?
A) Paul Dirac
B) Edward Mills Purcell
C) Herbert Callen
D) Vladimir Arnold
- 91. Approximately what fraction of Baby Boomers earned at least a bachelor's degree in the United States?
A) Nearly all
B) About a tenth
C) About a quarter
D) About half
- 92. What did American physicist Herbert Callen observe about industry leaders' desires versus academic directions in 1971?
A) Industry wanted more nuclear physics, but universities focused on biology
B) Industry leaders wanted pure mathematics, while schools taught vocational skills
C) Industry favored computer science, while universities only taught classical mechanics
D) Industry leaders desired practical subjects like thermodynamics, but academia went toward abstract statistical mechanics
- 93. What term did quantitative historian Peter Turchin use to describe intensifying competition among a larger number of graduates than the economy could absorb?
A) Demographic saturation
B) Academic inflation
C) Youth stagnation
D) Elite overproduction
- 94. By the mid-1970s, what percentage of Chinese children went to elementary school?
A) 25%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 96%
- 95. What new doll was brought to market in the United States in 1959?
A) Chatty Cathy
B) Betsey Wetsy
C) Barbie Millicent Roberts
D) Baby Nancy
- 96. Which household electronic device became available right after the Second World War and quickly became a major source of family entertainment?
A) The record player
B) The microwave
C) The radio
D) The television set
- 97. What values did top soap operas typically promote in the United Kingdom?
A) Ultra-conservative capitalist values
B) Post-war social-democratic values
C) Strict libertarian values
D) Feudal aristocratic values
- 98. Which female comic book character was accused of sexual deviancy during post-war moral panics?
A) Batgirl
B) Wonder Woman
C) Lois Lane
D) Catwoman
- 99. Whose 1954 book titled Seduction of the Innocent caused a decline in the comics industry?
A) S. E. Hinton
B) Fredric Wertham
C) J. D. Salinger
D) Michael Cart
- 100. What regulatory body was created in 1954 to curb violence in comic books?
A) The Comics Code Authority
B) The Media Censorship Bureau
C) The Federal Communications Commission
D) The National Board of Review
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