A) International law governing human rights B) Legal system based on Roman law C) Secular legal system based on democratic principles D) Islamic law derived from the Quran and teachings of Prophet Muhammad
A) Islam B) Christianity C) Buddhism D) Judaism
A) Latin B) Arabic C) French D) Chinese
A) Act of charity B) Fasting practice C) Analogical reasoning to derive legal rulings D) Special prayer ritual
A) Penalties for criminal acts B) Fasting practices C) Legal opinions provided by Islamic scholars D) Religious holidays
A) Sacred text B) Annual pilgrimage C) Fasting month D) Practices and teachings of Prophet Muhammad
A) Military commander B) Archaeologist C) Interpret and provide legal opinions on Islamic law D) Tax collector
A) Giving to charity B) Legal conformity to established rulings C) Religious pilgrimage D) Fasting during Ramadan
A) Permissible according to Islamic law B) Fasting practice C) Sacred text D) Underground movement
A) United States B) Japan C) Saudi Arabia D) France
A) Tafsir B) Fiqh C) Hadith D) Aqida
A) Religious holiday B) Oneness of God C) Muslim prayer ritual D) Religious charity
A) Sunnah B) Qiyas C) Fiqh D) Ijma
A) Maliki B) Hanbali C) Shafiʽi D) Hanafi
A) It refers to individual interpretation of the Quran. B) It is used only in economic transactions. C) It is a form of punishment for non-compliance with Islamic law. D) It represents consensus among the community or religious authorities.
A) Divine, abstract; Classical; Historical; Contemporary sharia(s). B) Islamic law, historical context, modern application. C) Sufi stages, Islamic rules, legal systems. D) Pathway, religious regulations, divine justice.
A) Ibn Sina B) Al-Ghazali C) Al-Farabi D) Saadia Gaon
A) Kitab Allah B) Hikmah C) Sharīʿat Allāh D) Qur'an al-Azim
A) Al-Shafi'i B) Malik ibn Anas C) Abu Hanifa D) Ibn Sina
A) Al Baqara 178 B) Surah Al-Ikhlas C) Surah Al-Fatiha D) Surah An-Nisa
A) Introduction of community service as punishment B) Complete abolition of Qisas C) Mandatory exile for all murderers D) Debate about whether a Muslim can be executed for a non-Muslim
A) Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari's followers B) rationalists C) Atharists, Ahl al-Hadith D) Ahl al-Kalām, Mu'tazila
A) Ahl al-Kalām B) Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari C) Ahl al-Hadith D) Mu'tazila
A) Custom B) Prayer C) Rituals D) Tradition
A) Sunnah B) Ijma C) Ikhtilaf D) Qiyas
A) Mohammed al-Ghazali B) Rashid Rida C) Abdallah bin Bayyah D) Yusuf al-Qaradawi
A) 8th century B) 14th century C) 12th century D) 10th century
A) Istishab B) Taqlid C) Istislah D) Istihsan
A) Abdallah bin Bayyah B) Ibn Hanbal C) Al-Shafi'i D) Ibn Taymiyyah
A) Naskh (abrogation) B) Ijma (consensus) C) Istihsan (juristic preference) D) Qiyas (analogical reasoning)
A) Qiyas B) Ijma C) Istislah D) Istihsan
A) Sunni sect B) Shiite sect C) Kharijite sect D) Zaydi sect
A) The five decisions (al-aḥkām al-khamsa) B) The four pillars C) The ten commandments D) The seven laws
A) Mandūb B) Farḍ C) Wajib D) Mustaḥabb
A) Fatwa B) Qisas C) Hudud D) Tazir
A) Fatwa B) Qisas C) Hudud D) Tazir
A) At birth B) Upon reaching puberty C) After the first prayer D) With rushd (maturity)
A) Ahmad Ibn Hanbal B) Ibn Taymiyyah C) Al-Ghazali D) Al-Shafi'i
A) Marriage B) Injuries C) Rituals D) Sales
A) Hudud B) Diya C) Taʿzīr D) Qisas
A) Collections of fatwas B) Mukhtasar C) Mabsut D) Qawāʿid
A) Qisas B) Diya C) Taʿzīr D) Hudud
A) Treason, blasphemy B) Murder, adultery, slander, theft C) Property damage, bodily injury D) Crimes against God
A) Shafi'i B) Hanafi C) Hanbali D) Maliki
A) Maliki B) Hanafi C) Hanbali D) Shafi'i
A) Maliki B) Ibadi C) Hanafi D) Shafi'i
A) Maliki B) Shafi'i C) Hanbali D) Hanafi
A) Muftis B) Muslim rulers C) Imams D) Judges
A) Their political connections B) The number of fatwas they issued C) Their scholarly reputation D) Their wealth and social status
A) Gradually incorporated into state bureaucracies B) They remained independent throughout history C) They were banned from issuing fatwas D) They formed separate religious courts
A) A diploma for completing high school B) A certificate of attendance C) A license (ijaza) certifying a student's competence D) A recommendation letter
A) The ruler B) A mufti C) A judge (qadi) D) A shurta
A) Physical evidence B) Written documents C) Oral witness testimony D) Confessions
A) Absence of oral testimony B) Lack of trained judges C) Influence from the ruling elite D) Stringent procedural norms made convictions difficult
A) Sharia court B) Mazalim court C) Mufti court D) Police court
A) "Evidence is king" B) "Justice above all else" C) "The letter of the law prevails" D) "Amicable settlement is the best verdict"
A) Qanun B) Fatawa-e-Alamgiri C) Mazalim D) Sharia
A) Cases involving peasants and landowners were rarely heard in Sharia courts. B) Landowners almost always won cases against peasants. C) Sharia courts favored neither party in disputes between peasants and landowners. D) Peasants almost always won cases against oppressive landowners.
A) The French B) The Spanish C) The British D) The Dutch
A) Napoleon Bonaparte B) King George III C) Lord Cornwallis D) Warren Hastings
A) 1917 B) 1870s C) 1839 D) 1826
A) Turkish B) English C) French D) Arabic
A) The 20th century B) The post-colonial era C) The colonial era D) The Ottoman Empire
A) Tunisia B) Iran C) Egypt D) Saudi Arabia
A) Ignoring traditional practices entirely B) Imposing administrative hurdles C) Abolishing all religious laws D) Directly changing the Quranic text
A) Through advocating for secular governance. B) As a resistance struggle using leftist anticolonialist rhetoric. C) By focusing solely on economic reforms. D) By promoting Western democratic values.
A) Algeria B) Iran C) Saudi Arabia D) Pakistan
A) Iran B) Pakistan C) Libya D) Saudi Arabia
A) Purchase B) Bequest C) Through pre-trial discovery process D) Inheritance
A) Judges' verdicts do not set binding precedents B) They are universally codified C) They must be followed by all future cases D) They require jury approval
A) Only men B) Anyone regardless of religion C) Muslims D) Non-Muslims
A) A form of legal representation B) A type of court procedure C) A charitable endowment D) An inheritance tax
A) The same as a non-Muslim man. B) Half the value. C) Twice the value. D) One-fifteenth the value.
A) One-sixteenth the amount. B) The same amount. C) Half the amount. D) Twice the amount.
A) One-sixteenth. B) Half the amount. C) Twice the amount. D) The same amount.
A) A public official called muhtasib (market inspector) B) Local religious leaders C) Educational administrators D) Military commanders
A) Aceh B) Sumatra C) Bali D) Jakarta
A) India B) Israel C) England D) United States
A) Indonesia (72%) B) Egypt (74%) C) Afghanistan (99%) D) Pakistan (84%)
A) Azerbaijan (8%) B) Turkey (12%) C) Kazakhstan (10%) D) Albania (12%)
A) South Asia (84%) B) Southern-Eastern Europe (18%) C) Middle-East/North Africa (74%) D) Sub-Saharan Africa (64%)
A) 56% B) 65% C) 74% D) 42%
A) 40% B) 60% C) 55% D) 25%
A) Governor Ron DeSantis B) Senator Ted Cruz C) President Barack Obama D) Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich
A) Florida B) California C) Texas D) Oklahoma
A) Quebec, Canada B) Ontario, Canada C) Alberta, Canada D) British Columbia, Canada
A) President Frank-Walter Steinmeier B) Chancellor Angela Merkel C) Foreign Minister Heiko Maas D) Interior Minister Thomas de Maizière
A) 34 B) 25 C) 20 D) 50
A) Glenn Beck B) Ann Coulter C) Laura Ingraham D) Diana West
A) Ontario B) Alberta C) Quebec D) British Columbia
A) Sayyid Qutb B) Abul A'la Maududi C) Abdolkarim Soroush D) Hasan al-Turabi
A) An absolute monarchy B) Radical Islamist movements C) Western democracy without modifications D) A democratic context
A) 2001 B) 2003 C) 1995 D) 1998
A) Refah Party B) The Turkish Constitutional Court C) Kevin Boyle D) Maurits S. Berger
A) Four individuals. B) None. C) More than ten individuals. D) Twenty individuals.
A) 25% B) 100% C) 52% D) Less than 10%
A) Marriage at any age without proof of maturity. B) Marriage above the minimum age was forbidden. C) Marriage below the minimum age was forbidden. D) Marriage with parental consent.
A) Property rights B) Voting rights C) Freedom of speech D) Right to drive
A) Ibn Faras B) Darimi C) Ata' bin Abi Rabah D) Ibn Hajar
A) UNICEF, WHO, Amnesty International B) Red Cross, Save the Children, Human Rights Watch C) Doctors Without Borders, Greenpeace, Oxfam D) Musawah, CEDAW, KAFA |