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Galileo thermometer - Quiz
Contributed by: Lucas
  • 1. What does a Galileo thermometer contain besides several glass vessels of varying density?
A) A clear liquid
B) Solid wax
C) Pure mercury
D) Compressed air
  • 2. How do the individual floats move in a Galileo thermometer as temperature changes?
A) They change their color
B) They spin rapidly in circles
C) They rise or fall in relation to density
D) They dissolve completely
  • 3. Whose principle is the Galileo thermometer based on?
A) Vincenzo Viviani
B) Galileo Galilei
C) Evangelista Torricelli
D) Isaac Newton
  • 4. What principle discovered by Galileo is the thermometer based on?
A) The density of a liquid changes in relation to its temperature
B) Objects expand when cooled
C) Pressure is inversely proportional to volume
D) Light travels faster than sound
  • 5. Did Galileo invent the Galileo thermometer?
A) Only the outer tube
B) Yes
C) Only the glass vessels
D) No
  • 6. What earlier thermometer device did Galileo actually invent?
A) The mercury barometer
B) Galileo's air thermometer
C) The alcohol thermostat
D) The digital thermometer
  • 7. What is a more accurate name for Galileo's air thermometer?
A) Thermoscope
B) Barograph
C) Hydrometer
D) Pyrometer
  • 8. By what year was Galileo's air thermometer invented?
A) 1603
B) 1684
C) 1666
D) 1990
  • 9. Which group actually invented the instrument now known as a Galileo thermometer?
A) The Berlin Physics Institute
B) Accademia del Cimento of Florence
C) The Royal Society of London
D) The French Academy of Sciences
  • 10. Who was a pupil of Galileo and a member of the Accademia del Cimento?
A) Leopoldo
B) Newton
C) Torricelli
D) Viviani
  • 11. Who was a pupil of Torricelli and a member of the Accademia del Cimento?
A) Leopoldo
B) Galileo
C) Celsius
D) Viviani
  • 12. In what year were details of the thermometer published in the Saggi di naturali esperienze?
A) 1684
B) 1666
C) 1990
D) 1603
  • 13. In what year was the English translation of the Saggi di naturali esperienze published?
A) 1700
B) 1666
C) 1684
D) 1990
  • 14. How did the 1684 English translation describe the device?
A) Slow and lazy
B) Hot and heavy
C) Bright and shiny
D) Fast and erratic
  • 15. What is an alternative Italian name for the invention reflecting its slow nature?
A) Termometro rapido
B) Termometro lento
C) Vetro denso
D) Sfera colorata
  • 16. What was the outer vessel originally filled with in the historical description?
A) Boiling water
B) Liquid nitrogen
C) Rectified spirits of wine
D) Pure mercury
  • 17. What was 'rectified spirits of wine' in the historical outer vessel?
A) A concentrated solution of ethanol in water
B) A thick mineral oil
C) Pure fermented grape juice
D) Melted animal fat
  • 18. How were the weights of the glass bubbles adjusted historically?
A) By adding tiny lead shots inside
B) By melting the glass completely
C) By painting them with heavy metals
D) By grinding a small amount of glass from the sealed end
  • 19. Why was a small air space left at the top of the main vessel historically?
A) To prevent light reflection
B) To allow for the liquor to rarefy
C) To make the thermometer float
D) To keep the glass cool
  • 20. Which institution revived the Galileo thermometer in the modern era?
A) Natural History Museum, London
B) The Louvre Museum
C) Smithsonian Institution
D) Science Museum of Florence
  • 21. When did the Natural History Museum in London start selling a version of the thermometer?
A) 1890s
B) 1950s
C) 2000s
D) 1990s
  • 22. What are the small glass bulbs in a Galileo thermometer partly filled with?
A) Metal shavings
B) Solid plastic beads
C) Different-colored liquids
D) Colored gas
  • 23. What is the composition of the liquids inside the small glass bulbs mainly?
A) Ethanol
B) Kerosene
C) Water
D) Mercury
  • 24. What purpose do the small percents of alcohol inside the bulbs serve?
A) They make the liquid freeze faster
B) They change the bulb size
C) They are not important for the functioning
D) They power the thermometer
  • 25. How are the effective densities of the hand-blown bulbs adjusted after being sealed?
A) By adding air through a valve
B) By changing the outer liquid
C) Using metal tags hanging from beneath them
D) By heating the glass
  • 26. Why doesn't the expansion of materials inside the bulbs affect the thermometer's operation?
A) Because the outer tube is open to the air
B) Because these materials are sealed inside a glass bulb of approximately fixed size
C) Because the liquid inside never expands
D) Because the metal tags absorb the heat
  • 27. What is the clear liquid in which the bulbs are submerged usually made of?
A) Melted sugar syrup
B) Liquid mercury
C) Pure distilled water
D) Organic compounds
  • 28. Name two organic compounds mentioned as being used for the clear holding fluid.
A) Olive oil or motor oil
B) Acetone or glycerin
C) Water or vinegar
D) Ethanol or kerosene
  • 29. How does the density of the clear liquid change?
A) It changes with time of day
B) It remains completely constant
C) It changes with atmospheric pressure only
D) It varies with temperature
  • 30. What does the fixed size of the outer tube ensure for the outer clear liquid?
A) It will turn into a solid
B) It will be in gas-liquid equilibrium
C) It will remain at room temperature
D) It will never evaporate
  • 31. What happens to the equilibrium density of liquids like ethanol with an increase in temperature?
A) It stays the same
B) It increases
C) It fluctuates randomly
D) It decreases
  • 32. What effect does the decreasing density of ethanol with increased temperature have on the bulbs?
A) It causes the bulbs to shatter
B) It makes the bulbs change color
C) It causes the bulbs to magnetize
D) It causes the bulbs to rise or sink
  • 33. What happens to the bulbs as the temperature rises?
A) They will dissolve into the liquid
B) They will remain completely still
C) They will sink one by one
D) They will float to the top all at once
  • 34. Why do the bulbs sink as the temperature rises?
A) Because the outer tube shrinks
B) According to their individual density as the clear holding fluid's density gradually changes
C) Because the metal tags fall off
D) Because they become heavier from absorbing heat
  • 35. Where might all the bulbs be eventually if the surrounding temperature is high enough?
A) At the base of the tube
B) Floating outside the tube
C) At the very top of the tube
D) Stuck to the sides of the glass
  • 36. What happens to the bulbs as the temperature falls?
A) The reverse happens, until they can all be at the top
B) They cluster in the middle
C) They sink faster to the bottom
D) They break due to cold
  • 37. What is stamped on the metal tags attached to each bulb?
A) A serial number
B) A manufacturer name
C) A density value
D) A temperature
  • 38. How do you read the environment temperature if a bulb is in the centre of the column?
A) You must add ten degrees to it
B) It cannot be determined
C) That gives a close approximation of the environment temperature
D) It indicates the minimum temperature
  • 39. How is the temperature determined if there are some bulbs at the top and some at the base but none in between?
A) By reading the highest bulb at the top
B) By taking the sum of all bulbs
C) The average of the lowest bulb at the top and the highest at the base
D) By reading the lowest bulb at the base
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