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Women in post-classical warfare - Quiz
Contributed by: Cameron
  • 1. Who exposed her breasts and beat her chest with a sword to cause hostile natives to flee in the early 11th century?
A) Akkadevi
B) Freydís Eiríksdóttir
C) Sikelgaita
D) Adelaide of Savoy
  • 2. Which woman defended the fortress of Uplade in 1016?
A) Adela of Hamaland
B) Bergljot Håkonsdatter
C) Judith d'Évreux
D) Edith the Fair
  • 3. Who commanded troops in her own right during the 11th century?
A) A Nong
B) Akkadevi
C) Sikelgaita
D) Matilda of Tuscany
  • 4. Which Indian princess besieged the fort of Gokage in 1047?
A) Sikelgaita
B) Naikidevi
C) Umadevi
D) Akkadevi
  • 5. Who raised an army to kill the king for murdering her spouse and son in 1050?
A) Adelaide of Savoy
B) A Nong
C) Edith the Fair
D) Bergljot Håkonsdatter
  • 6. Who was defeated and executed in 1055, leading the Zhuang and Nùng minorities?
A) Sikelgaita
B) Matilda of Tuscany
C) A Nong
D) Akkadevi
  • 7. Who accompanied Robert Guiscard on military campaigns and rode into battle in full armor?
A) Urraca of Zamora
B) Sikelgaita of Salerno
C) Richilde
D) Matilda of Tuscany
  • 8. Who identified Harold Godwinson's body after the Battle of Hastings according to folklore?
A) Edith the Fair
B) Urraca of Zamora
C) Matilda of Tuscany
D) Richilde
  • 9. Who was captured fighting in the Battle of Cassel in 1071?
A) Richilde, Countess of Hainaut
B) Matilda of Tuscany
C) Edith the Fair
D) Urraca of Zamora
  • 10. Who defended the city of Zamora against her brother in 1072?
A) Matilda of Tuscany
B) Edith the Fair
C) Richilde
D) Urraca of Zamora
  • 11. Who led a military expedition to Rome in 1087 to install Pope Victor?
A) Richilde
B) Edith the Fair
C) Urraca of Zamora
D) Matilda of Tuscany
  • 12. Who participated in the First Crusade and fell in combat in 1097?
A) Isabel of Conches
B) Urraca of Zamora
C) Florine of Burgundy
D) Richilde
  • 13. Who was taken as a slave by the Igbo and later led the Yorubas to victory?
A) Bertha of Rheinfelden
B) Moremi Ajasoro
C) Yennenga
D) Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg
  • 14. Who led her own battalion among the Mossi people of Burkina Faso in the 12th century?
A) Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg
B) Moremi Ajasoro
C) Bertha of Rheinfelden
D) Yennenga
  • 15. Who led an army in the Crusade of 1101?
A) Bertha of Rheinfelden
B) Urraca of León
C) Ida of Formbach-Ratelnberg
D) Clementia of Burgundy
  • 16. Who 'fought manfully' in the Battle of Jedesheim around 1108 or 1109?
A) Clementia of Burgundy
B) Urraca of León
C) Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd
D) Bertha of Rheinfelden
  • 17. Who raised an army in 1119?
A) Urraca of León
B) Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd
C) Clementia of Burgundy
D) Liang Hongyu
  • 18. Who fought her half-sister for the city of Tui in 1121?
A) Urraca of León
B) Fannu
C) Liang Hongyu
D) Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd
  • 19. Who blocked the advance of the Jin army with her husband in 1130?
A) Eleanor of Aquitaine
B) Liang Hongyu
C) Fannu
D) Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd
  • 20. Who led an army against the Normans and was killed in 1136?
A) Gwenllian ferch Gruffydd
B) Eleanor of Aquitaine
C) Fannu
D) Aldruda
  • 21. Who raised an army for the crown of England after her husband was captured in 1130?
A) Fannu
B) Eleanor of Aquitaine
C) Matilda I, Countess of Boulogne
D) Aldruda
  • 22. Who accompanied her husband on the Second Crusade in 1145?
A) Aldruda
B) Eleanor of Aquitaine
C) Fannu
D) Aoife MacMurrough
  • 23. Who participated in the defense of Marrakech dressed as a man during the Almoravid dynasty's defense in 1147?
A) Aldruda
B) Fannu
C) Aoife MacMurrough
D) Tomoe Gozen
  • 24. Who conducted battles in Ireland on behalf of her consort from 1170–1176?
A) Naikidevi
B) Tomoe Gozen
C) Aoife MacMurrough
D) Aldruda
  • 25. Who fought in the Genpei War alongside men from 1180–1185?
A) Naikidevi
B) Hōjō Masako
C) Aldruda
D) Tomoe Gozen
  • 26. Who commanded an army to lift an imperial siege in 1172?
A) Naikidevi
B) Aldruda
C) Nicola de la Haye
D) Hōjō Masako
  • 27. Who rode with her spouse on campaigns and was never defeated in battle from 1182–1199?
A) Hōjō Masako
B) Naikidevi
C) Nicola de la Haye
D) Joan of England
  • 28. Who fought Muhammad Ghori in Mount Abu in 1178?
A) Joan of England
B) Nicola de la Haye
C) Umadevi
D) Naikidevi
  • 29. Who defended loyalist interests in Lincoln, England from 1191–1217?
A) Joan of England
B) Maud de Braose
C) Nicola de la Haye
D) Umadevi
  • 30. Who defended Plainscastle against a Welsh attack in 1198?
A) Maud de Braose
B) Joan of England
C) Umadevi
D) Joan of England, Queen of Sicily
  • 31. Who took arms against the lords of Saint-Felix and laid siege to Les Cassés in 1199?
A) Maud de Braose
B) Umadevi
C) Umadevi
D) Joan of England, Queen of Sicily
  • 32. Who commanded Mysore armies against the Chalukyas in the late 12th century?
A) Joan of England
B) Maud de Braose
C) Umadevi
D) Joan of England, Queen of Sicily
  • 33. Who was a semi-legendary Turkish heroine killed fighting the Abbasids in 769?
A) Æthelburg
B) Gülnar Hatun
C) Parsbit
D) Valasca
  • 34. Which Viking Age warrior was confirmed by DNA analysis in 2017 to be female?
A) Lagertha
B) A Birka Viking warrior
C) Veborg
D) A Solør Viking warrior
  • 35. Which Khazar noblewoman commanded an army against Armenia in 730?
A) Gülnar Hatun
B) Æthelburg
C) Valasca
D) Parsbit
  • 36. Who assumed power as the Khitan Dowager Regent in 982 and led an army against the Song dynasty in 986?
A) Sugandha
B) Æthelflæd
C) Xiao Yanyan
D) Gudit
  • 37. Which Ethiopian queen attempted to exterminate the ruling dynasty of the Kingdom of Aksum around 960?
A) Gudit
B) Xochitl
C) Æthelflæd
D) Sugandha
  • 38. Who was the Byzantine Roman army that attacked the Umayyad province of Melitene in 741?
A) A Byzantine Roman army
B) An Abbasid army
C) A Viking army
D) A Khazar army
  • 39. Which Toltec queen created and led a battalion made up entirely of women soldiers?
A) Xochitl
B) Adelaide-Blanche of Anjou
C) Sugandha
D) Gudit
  • 40. Who, according to legend, seized power in Bohemia and created a state ruled by women in 738?
A) Parsbit
B) Gülnar Hatun
C) Æthelburg
D) Valasca
  • 41. Who was the wife of Babak Khorramdin and resisted the Islamic Abbasid Caliphate between 816 and 837?
A) Æthelflæd
B) Banu
C) Sugandha
D) Xochitl
  • 42. Which Viking woman was buried with weapons in Solør, Norway?
A) A Birka Viking warrior
B) A Viking woman
C) Lagertha
D) Veborg
  • 43. Who led an army of 4,000 against Medina after the death of Muhammad?
A) Khawla bint al-Azwar
B) Princess Pingyang
C) Umm Hakim bint al-Harith ibn Hisham
D) Prophetess Sajah
  • 44. Who assisted the warriors of her tribe in the battle of Yawm Halima?
A) Nusaybah bint Ka'ab
B) Umm Sulaym bint Milhan
C) Halima, a Ghassanid princess
D) Princess Pingyang
  • 45. Who led a revolt in the 6th century?
A) Amalafrida
B) Princess Pingyang
C) Clotilda
D) Basina
  • 46. Who organized an 'Army of the Lady' to help overthrow the Sui dynasty?
A) Umm Hakim bint al-Harith ibn Hisham
B) Princess Pingyang
C) Hind bint Utba
D) Nusaybah bint Ka'ab
  • 47. Who led troops in battle during the 630s?
A) Apranik
B) Aisha
C) Chen Shuozhen
D) Ghazala
  • 48. Who participated in the Battle of Uhud and treated the wounded?
A) Hind bint Utba
B) Umm Sulaym bint Milhan
C) Hammanah bint Jahsh
D) Khawla bint al-Azwar
  • 49. Who nearly defeated a Byzantine Greek at the Battle of Yarmouk?
A) Khawla bint al-Azwar
B) Wak Chanil Ajaw
C) Umm Hakim bint al-Harith ibn Hisham
D) Aisha
  • 50. Who led Berber resistance against the Muslim conquest of the Maghreb?
A) Kahina
B) Apranik
C) Chen Shuozhen
D) Negan
  • 51. Who declared herself empress regnant of China during a peasant rebellion?
A) Princess Pingyang
B) Chen Shuozhen
C) Wak Chanil Ajaw
D) Aisha
  • 52. Who led troops at the Battle of the Camel?
A) Umm Hakim bint al-Harith ibn Hisham
B) Nusaybah bint Ka'ab
C) Hind bint Utba
D) Aisha
  • 53. Who ruled the Mayans and led military campaigns in the 640s–741?
A) Apranik
B) Aisha
C) Wak Chanil Ajaw
D) Khawla bint al-Azwar
  • 54. Who fought against the Muslim conquest of Persia as a Sasanian general?
A) Nusaybah bint Ka'ab
B) Apranik
C) Umm Hakim bint al-Harith ibn Hisham
D) Aisha
  • 55. Who led a revolt in Poitiers using an army of criminals?
A) Umm Sulaym bint Milhan
B) Basina and Clotilda
C) Hind bint Utba
D) Princess Pingyang
  • 56. Who disposed of seven Byzantine soldiers with a tent pole during the Battle of Marj al-Saffar?
A) Wak Chanil Ajaw
B) Khawla bint al-Azwar
C) Aisha
D) Umm Hakim bint al-Harith ibn Hisham
  • 57. Who led her army in China during the 6th century?
A) Nusaybah bint Ka'ab
B) Lady Xian
C) Princess Pingyang
D) Hind bint Utba
  • 58. Who participated in the Battle of the Trench carrying a dagger?
A) Aisha
B) Hind bint Utba
C) Khawla bint al-Azwar
D) Umm Sulaym bint Milhan
  • 59. Who acted as a war leader in China during the 1220s?
A) Doquz Khatun
B) Sulafa Khatun
C) Razia Sultana
D) Yang Miaozhen
  • 60. Who commanded the citadel of Ru'in Diz during the Mongol siege of Maragha in 1221?
A) Sulafa Khatun
B) Razia Sultana
C) Doquz Khatun
D) Yang Miaozhen
  • 61. Who accompanied Genghis Khan on a punitive expedition to the Tangut kingdom in 1226?
A) Razia Sultana
B) Yesui
C) Doquz Khatun
D) Sulafa Khatun
  • 62. Who led her troops in battle during her reign from 1236 to 1239?
A) Blanche of Castile
B) Magistra Hersend
C) Razia Sultana
D) Doquz Khatun
  • 63. Who accompanied Louis IX of France on the Seventh Crusade in 1249?
A) Razia Sultana
B) Blanche of Castile
C) Magistra Hersend
D) Doquz Khatun
  • 64. Who ordered that Christians be spared during the Sack of Baghdad in 1258?
A) Blanche of Castile
B) Doquz Khatun
C) Sulafa Khatun
D) Razia Sultana
  • 65. Who led troops in battle during her reign from 1261 to 1289?
A) Eleanor of Provence
B) Eleanor of Castile
C) Isabella of Aragon
D) Rudrama Devi
  • 66. Who wounded and captured a French knight during the French siege of Peralada in 1285?
A) Bertha van Heukelom
B) Mercadera
C) Dina and Clarenza
D) Joan I of Navarre
  • 67. Who was a relative of Kublai Khan and described as a superb warrior?
A) Isabella of France
B) Urduja
C) Women of the Mississippian culture
D) Khutulun
  • 68. Who commanded the garrison of Kildrummy Castle during the Second War of Scottish Independence?
A) Christina Bruce
B) Irene Asanina
C) Agnes, Countess of Dunbar
D) Joanna of Flanders
  • 69. Who commanded the garrison of Didymoteicho during the Byzantine civil war?
A) Joanna of Flanders
B) Christina Bruce
C) Irene Asanina
D) Agnes, Countess of Dunbar
  • 70. Who served as a soldier in the Chinese army under the name Han Guanbao?
A) Irene Asanina
B) Han E
C) Cia Ordelaffi
D) Joanna of Flanders
  • 71. Who came to the aid of Lodovico Ordelaffi during the battle of Dovadola?
A) Cia Ordelaffi
B) Irene Asanina
C) Han E
D) Joanna of Flanders
  • 72. Who used female archers to defend baggage trains from 1364 to 1405?
A) Han E
B) Richardis of Schwerin
C) Joanna of Flanders
D) Timur
  • 73. Who led two military campaigns as Queen of Poland?
A) Jadwiga
B) Han E
C) Richardis of Schwerin
D) Joanna of Flanders
  • 74. Who led armies to assist her spouse after finding him dead on the battlefield in 1389?
A) Jadwiga
B) Foelke Kampana
C) Richardis of Schwerin
D) Han E
  • 75. Who took part in a lance duel while dressed as a man in 1395?
A) Foelke Kampana
B) Jadwiga
C) Agnes Hotot
D) Richardis of Schwerin
  • 76. Who accompanied her son on military expeditions in the 15th century?
A) Margaret of Bavaria
B) Tang Sai'er
C) Qutlugh Nigar Khanum
D) Cecília Rozgonyi
  • 77. Which woman started a rebellion against the emperor of China in 1420?
A) Cecília Rozgonyi
B) Philippa of England
C) Joan of Arc
D) Tang Sai'er
  • 78. Who commanded her own ship in battle toward the Ottoman Empire in 1428?
A) Joan of Arc
B) Philippa of England
C) Tang Sai'er
D) Cecília Rozgonyi
  • 79. Who was a soldier in Italy during the 1430s?
A) Aldonça de Bellera
B) Ida Königsmarck
C) Jeanne des Armoises
D) Zaydi Yemeni chieftain Sharifa Fatima
  • 80. Who conquered San'a' as a Zaydi Yemeni chieftain in the 1450s?
A) Elise Eskilsdotter
B) Sharifa Fatima
C) Alice Knyvet
D) Brita Tott
  • 81. Who served as a spy in the war between Sweden and Denmark between 1451–1452?
A) Pomellina Fregoso
B) Brita Tott
C) Elise Eskilsdotter
D) Alice Knyvet
  • 82. Who led a war against the German merchant class of Bergen in Norway in 1455?
A) Brita Tott
B) Pomellina Fregoso
C) Elise Eskilsdotter
D) Alice Knyvet
  • 83. Who defended Buckingham Castle at Norfolk against Sir Gilbert of Debenhem in 1461?
A) Ólöf Loftsdóttir
B) Alice Knyvet
C) Elise Eskilsdotter
D) Pomellina Fregoso
  • 84. Who staged and supported a rebellion against Lambert in 1466?
A) Pomellina Fregoso
B) Elise Eskilsdotter
C) Alice Knyvet
D) Ólöf Loftsdóttir
  • 85. Who was mortally wounded in battle in 1472 after disguising herself as a man?
A) Queen Margaret of Anjou
B) Ólöf Loftsdóttir
C) Jeanne Hachette
D) Onorata Rodiani
  • 86. Who rips down the flag of the invading Burgundians at Beauvais in 1472?
A) Caterina d'Ortafà
B) Queen Margaret of Anjou
C) Onorata Rodiani
D) Jeanne Hachette
  • 87. Who participated in the defense of Canet-en-Roussillon in 1474?
A) Onorata Rodiani
B) Margareta of Celje
C) Jeanne Hachette
D) Caterina d'Ortafà
  • 88. Who took command of the Mongol army and defeated the Oirats in the 1480s?
A) Margareta of Celje
B) Swob Sjaarda
C) Mandukhai
D) Caterina d'Ortafà
  • 89. Who defended her castle during a siege in the Netherlands in 1481?
A) Swob Sjaarda
B) Mandukhai
C) Katarina Nipertz
D) Margareta of Celje
  • 90. Who defended Raseborg Castle in Finland in 1487?
A) Mandukhai
B) Swob Sjaarda
C) Katarina Nipertz
D) Margareta of Celje
  • 91. Who defended her fort in Friesland in 1494?
A) Ats Bonninga
B) Bauck Poppema
C) Swob Sjaarda
D) Katarina Nipertz
  • 92. Who supervised and animated the troops against the Duke of Orléans in 1495?
A) Bauck Poppema
B) Ats Bonninga
C) Katarina Nipertz
D) Beatrice d'Este
  • 93. Who defended her fort in Friesland in 1496?
A) Beatrice d'Este
B) Caterina Sforza
C) Ats Bonninga
D) Bauck Poppema
  • 94. Who successfully defended Forli against a Venetian attack in 1499?
A) Beatrice d'Este
B) Caterina Sforza
C) Ats Bonninga
D) Bauck Poppema
  • 95. Who authored 'The Warrior Queens'?
A) James M. Blythe
B) David Hay
C) Susan Wise Bauer
D) Antonia Fraser
  • 96. Which publication includes a collection of 13 scholarly articles on gendering the Crusades?
A) The Military Leadership of Matilda of Canossa, 1046–1115
B) Women in the Military: Scholastic Arguments and Medieval Images of Female Warriors
C) Gendering the Crusades
D) The History of the Medieval World
  • 97. Who edited 'A Great Effusion of Blood'? Interpreting Medieval Violence?
A) Barton C. Hacker
B) James Michael Illston
C) Mark D. Meyerson, et al.
D) Susan B. Edgington and Sarah Lambert
  • 98. Which author explored the military leadership of Matilda of Canossa?
A) Helen Nicholson
B) Susan Wise Bauer
C) Megan McLaughlin
D) David Hay
  • 99. Which book by John Keay covers the history of China?
A) Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early Twentieth Century
B) Harmony and War: Confucian Culture and Chinese Power Politics
C) China: A History
D) Women Shall Not Rule: Imperial Wives and Concubines in China from Han to Liao
  • 100. Who edited 'Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty to the Early Twentieth Century'?
A) Barbara Bennett Peterson
B) David E. Jones
C) John Keay
D) Keith McMahon
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