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CLJ2 HREDUC
Contributed by: Three
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Equal protection clause
B) Procedural due process
C) Right to speedy disposition
D) Substantive due process
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Police power
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) . Bill of Attainder
B) Equal protection clause
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Equal protection is violated
B) Due process is denied
C) Free speech is restricted
D) Substantive due process is upheld
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) Denial of appeal
B) Lack of notice before hearing
C) Unfair trial procedure
D) A law punishing a lawful activity
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Substantive due process
C) Procedural due process
D) Ex post facto limitation
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Equal protection
B) Substantive due process
C) Judicial review
D) Procedural due process
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Procedural due process
B) Equal protection
C) Substantive due process
D) Habeas corpus
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Equal protection
B) Delegated legislation
C) Judicial review
D) Due process
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Reverse discrimination
B) Equal protection of laws
C) Substantive due process
D) Administrative discretion
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Be arbitrary
B) Favor majority
C) Promote executive power
D) Be based on reasonable distinction
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection
D) Bill of Rights
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Due process only
C) Substantive due process
D) Ex post facto prohibition
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) . It favors the rich
B) . It applies the same to foreigners only
C) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
D) Majority approves
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Executive intervention
B) Special privilege
C) Right to fair hearing
D) Equal protection
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Both procedural & substantive due process
C) Police power
D) Substantive due process
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
B) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
C) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
D) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Procedural due process
B) Substantive due process
C) Police power
D) Equal protection
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Equal protection
B) Procedural due process
C) Police power
D) Separation of powers
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Court procedure
B) Equality of treatment
C) Burden of proof
D) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Admissible if voluntary
B) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
C) Acceptable if notarized
D) Inadmissible as evidence
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) RA 9745 only-begotten
B) Neither; threat is allowed
C) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
D) RA 7438 only
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) Yes, for security reasons
B) No; unless recorded
C) No; consultation must be private
D) Yes, if lawyer agrees
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Was taught formally
B) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
C) Understands
D) Is fluent in only
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Notify embassy or consular office
B) Proceed only after bail posting
C) Inform him in local language only
D) Detain until translator is available, no notice
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Not torture
B) Mental/psychological torture
C) Administrative misconduct only
D) Valid interrogation strategy
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Admissible if voluntarily given
B) Valid if recorded
C) Inadmissible
D) Admissible if affirmed in court
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Only RA 7438
B) Only RA 9745
C) Neither
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) In writing, in presence of counsel
B) By counsel alone
C) Verbally before investigator
D) By arresting officer certification
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
B) Yes, if handwritten
C) No; custodial rights violated
D) Yes, even without counsel
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) Only if bail is approved
B) After evidence is gathered
C) Only after arraignment
D) From the moment of arrest
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Physical torture
B) Threat only
C) Adjustment technique
D) Lawful custodial pressure
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) No interview allowed
B) Suspension of rights
C) Presence of a social worker
D) Immediate confession
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
B) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
C) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
D) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Witnesses
B) Family members
C) Private institutions only
D) Law enforcement or persons in authority
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Inadmissible due to coercion
B) Admissible due to signature
C) Valid if lawyer signs
D) Valid if translated properly
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) None; silence isn't mandatory
B) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
C) RA 9745 only
D) RA 7438 only
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
B) Delay counsel to secure confession
C) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
D) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Verbal report to media
B) Immediate medical examination of victim
C) Signed confession only
D) Permission from arresting officer
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
B) Admissible if serious crime
C) Valid if recorded on video
D) Admissible if homeowner absent
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if contraband is seen
B) Admissible only if witness present
C) Inadmissible for lack of basis
D) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Valid if crime is ongoing
B) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
C) Allowed if property is adjacent
D) Valid if related to same suspect
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be uniquely valuable
B) Items must be tagged immediately
C) Items must be in plain view
D) Items must be demanded by complainant
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Consent is free and informed
B) Lawyer is present
C) Signed by barangay officer
D) Daytime
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Valid only with consent
B) Invalid without barangay witness
C) Invalid due to lack of warrant
D) Valid under plain view doctrine
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Valid if same room
B) Valid only if in plain view
C) Valid because weapons are dangerous
D) Automatically invalid
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Valid only if victim requests
B) Valid if evidence is later found
C) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
D) Valid search incident to arrest
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Ask informant first
B) Obtain warrant
C) Immediately review
D) Forward to prosecutor
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Reason for search
B) Only address of area
C) Type of building
D) Items OR persons sought
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) No; must be for one offense
B) Yes if crimes related
C) Valid only in daytime
D) Yes if signed by prosecutor
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Invalid; privacy applies
B) Legal if items are visible
C) Valid if guest is foreign
D) Legal with hotel permission
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Valid if approved by prosecutor
B) Admissible if confession follows
C) Inadmissible
D) Admissible if relevant
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Anonymous tip reported crime
B) Suspect found near crime hours later
C) Crime committed in officer’s presence
D) Suspect previously convicted
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
B) Only stolen items may be seized
C) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
D) Police must always obtain consent
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) Plain view
B) Protective sweep
C) General warrant
D) Hot pursuit
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Valid due to correct address
C) Valid if signed by witness
D) Valid if documented
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Valid if offense is serious
B) Invalid; no personal determination
C) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
D) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Valid if crime suspected
B) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
C) Valid; landlord owns property
D) Valid with witness signatures
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
B) Valid only with barangay chief present
C) Invalid because house is private
D) Valid if suspect is armed
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) Protected speech because official is public figure
B) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
C) Violates right to privacy despite public status
D) Allowed due to freedom of information
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Seditious liability only
B) Privacy of participants
C) Prior restraint for national security
D) Speech always unrestricted
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Right to privacy
B) Freedom of contract
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Freedom of speech
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Right to travel
B) Freedom of speech
C) Immunity clause
D) Right to privacy
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Protected by privacy rights
B) Protected speech
C) Exempt if done off-campus
D) Not protected; threats unprotected
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Banning criticism of officials
B) Censoring academic journals
C) Prohibiting media reporting
D) Restricting obscenity distribution
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Applies
B) Applies only in civil cases
C) Does not apply
D) Applies only with counsel
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Valid only at night
B) Valid; public safety
C) Valid if neighbors complain
D) Invalid; privacy violated
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) Criminal act against free speech
B) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
C) Protected against self-incrimination
D) Violation of privacy rights
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Protected unless with warrant
B) Protected only with counsel present
C) Not protected; physical evidence
D) Protected; testimonial
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Strict scrutiny
B) Overbreadth doctrine
C) Clear and present danger
D) Prior restraint ban
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Invalid if witness present
B) Invalid; weapon is property
C) Invalid; not in court
D) Valid; testimonial link
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Academic privilege
B) Right against self-incrimination
C) Reduced expectation of privacy
D) Freedom of speech
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Prior restraint
B) Overly restrictive
C) Censorship
D) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Denied; transparency interest
B) Granted; personal property
C) Automatic exemption
D) Granted if notarized
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) Yes; requires three witnesses
B) No; voluntary statements allowed
C) No; police can compel silence
D) Yes; counsel always needed
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Protected editorial
B) Legal; public concern
C) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
D) Allowed under fair comment
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) All searches
B) Mandatory registration
C) All physical tests
D) Compelled testimonial evidence
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Valid; all protests can be banned
B) Valid arrest
C) Valid if online
D) Invalid; no clear danger shown
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
B) Protected if no confession
C) Protected unless public demands
D) Privacy absolute
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Mandamus
B) Habeas Data
C) Writ of Amparo
D) Writ of Habeas Corpus
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Prohibition
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Injunction
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data only
D) Habeas Corpus only
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Prohibition
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Prohibition
D) Certiorari
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Injunction
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Prohibition
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Quo Warranto
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Data only
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Certiorari
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Quo Warranto
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Mandamus
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Certiorari
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Mandamus
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Mandamus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Amparo
B) Injunction
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Prohibition
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Certiorari
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Quo Warranto
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Injunction
D) Amparo
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Habeas Data only
B) Amparo
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Corpus only
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Kalikasan
B) Writ of Amparo
C) Writ of Habeas Corpus
D) Writ of Habeas Data
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