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CLJ2 HREDUC
Contributed by: Three
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Equal protection clause
B) Procedural due process
C) Right to speedy disposition
D) Substantive due process
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Equal protection
C) Procedural due process
D) Police power
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) Equal protection clause
B) Substantive due process
C) . Bill of Attainder
D) Procedural due process
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Equal protection is violated
B) Substantive due process is upheld
C) Free speech is restricted
D) Due process is denied
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) Denial of appeal
B) A law punishing a lawful activity
C) Unfair trial procedure
D) Lack of notice before hearing
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Procedural due process
C) Ex post facto limitation
D) Substantive due process
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Equal protection
B) Judicial review
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Procedural due process
B) Substantive due process
C) Habeas corpus
D) Equal protection
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Due process
B) Delegated legislation
C) Equal protection
D) Judicial review
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Equal protection of laws
B) Substantive due process
C) Reverse discrimination
D) Administrative discretion
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Favor majority
B) Be based on reasonable distinction
C) Be arbitrary
D) Promote executive power
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection
D) Bill of Rights
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Due process only
B) Ex post facto prohibition
C) Substantive due process
D) Equal protection
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) . It favors the rich
B) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
C) . It applies the same to foreigners only
D) Majority approves
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Equal protection
B) Special privilege
C) Executive intervention
D) Right to fair hearing
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Police power
C) Both procedural & substantive due process
D) Equal protection
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
B) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
C) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
D) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Substantive due process
B) Police power
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Police power
B) Procedural due process
C) Equal protection
D) Separation of powers
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Equality of treatment
B) Court procedure
C) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
D) Burden of proof
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Inadmissible as evidence
B) Admissible if voluntary
C) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
D) Acceptable if notarized
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) RA 9745 only-begotten
B) RA 7438 only
C) Neither; threat is allowed
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) No; consultation must be private
B) Yes, for security reasons
C) Yes, if lawyer agrees
D) No; unless recorded
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Is fluent in only
B) Understands
C) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
D) Was taught formally
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Proceed only after bail posting
B) Detain until translator is available, no notice
C) Inform him in local language only
D) Notify embassy or consular office
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Valid interrogation strategy
B) Administrative misconduct only
C) Mental/psychological torture
D) Not torture
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Inadmissible
B) Admissible if affirmed in court
C) Admissible if voluntarily given
D) Valid if recorded
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
B) Neither
C) Only RA 7438
D) Only RA 9745
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) By arresting officer certification
B) Verbally before investigator
C) In writing, in presence of counsel
D) By counsel alone
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) Yes, if handwritten
B) No; custodial rights violated
C) Yes, even without counsel
D) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) After evidence is gathered
B) Only if bail is approved
C) From the moment of arrest
D) Only after arraignment
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Lawful custodial pressure
B) Physical torture
C) Threat only
D) Adjustment technique
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) No interview allowed
B) Presence of a social worker
C) Suspension of rights
D) Immediate confession
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
B) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
C) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
D) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Private institutions only
B) Law enforcement or persons in authority
C) Family members
D) Witnesses
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if lawyer signs
B) Valid if translated properly
C) Admissible due to signature
D) Inadmissible due to coercion
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) RA 7438 only
B) RA 9745 only
C) None; silence isn't mandatory
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
B) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
C) Delay counsel to secure confession
D) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Signed confession only
B) Permission from arresting officer
C) Verbal report to media
D) Immediate medical examination of victim
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Valid if recorded on video
B) Admissible if serious crime
C) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
D) Admissible if homeowner absent
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Inadmissible for lack of basis
B) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
C) Valid if contraband is seen
D) Admissible only if witness present
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
B) Valid if crime is ongoing
C) Allowed if property is adjacent
D) Valid if related to same suspect
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be in plain view
B) Items must be tagged immediately
C) Items must be demanded by complainant
D) Items must be uniquely valuable
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Lawyer is present
B) Daytime
C) Consent is free and informed
D) Signed by barangay officer
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Valid only with consent
B) Invalid due to lack of warrant
C) Invalid without barangay witness
D) Valid under plain view doctrine
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Valid only if in plain view
B) Automatically invalid
C) Valid because weapons are dangerous
D) Valid if same room
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Valid only if victim requests
B) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
C) Valid search incident to arrest
D) Valid if evidence is later found
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Obtain warrant
B) Ask informant first
C) Immediately review
D) Forward to prosecutor
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Reason for search
B) Type of building
C) Items OR persons sought
D) Only address of area
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) No; must be for one offense
B) Yes if crimes related
C) Yes if signed by prosecutor
D) Valid only in daytime
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Legal with hotel permission
B) Invalid; privacy applies
C) Legal if items are visible
D) Valid if guest is foreign
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Admissible if relevant
B) Admissible if confession follows
C) Inadmissible
D) Valid if approved by prosecutor
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Anonymous tip reported crime
B) Crime committed in officer’s presence
C) Suspect previously convicted
D) Suspect found near crime hours later
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Only stolen items may be seized
B) Police must always obtain consent
C) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
D) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) Hot pursuit
B) Plain view
C) General warrant
D) Protective sweep
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Valid if signed by witness
B) Valid if documented
C) Inadmissible
D) Valid due to correct address
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Valid if offense is serious
B) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
C) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
D) Invalid; no personal determination
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Valid if crime suspected
B) Valid with witness signatures
C) Valid; landlord owns property
D) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
B) Invalid because house is private
C) Valid only with barangay chief present
D) Valid if suspect is armed
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) Violates right to privacy despite public status
B) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
C) Allowed due to freedom of information
D) Protected speech because official is public figure
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Prior restraint for national security
B) Privacy of participants
C) Speech always unrestricted
D) Seditious liability only
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Right to privacy
B) Freedom of speech
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Freedom of contract
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Right to privacy
B) Right to travel
C) Freedom of speech
D) Immunity clause
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Protected speech
B) Protected by privacy rights
C) Not protected; threats unprotected
D) Exempt if done off-campus
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Prohibiting media reporting
B) Banning criticism of officials
C) Censoring academic journals
D) Restricting obscenity distribution
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Applies only with counsel
B) Applies
C) Applies only in civil cases
D) Does not apply
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Valid; public safety
B) Invalid; privacy violated
C) Valid only at night
D) Valid if neighbors complain
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) Violation of privacy rights
B) Criminal act against free speech
C) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
D) Protected against self-incrimination
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Protected; testimonial
B) Protected unless with warrant
C) Not protected; physical evidence
D) Protected only with counsel present
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Prior restraint ban
B) Strict scrutiny
C) Overbreadth doctrine
D) Clear and present danger
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Valid; testimonial link
B) Invalid; not in court
C) Invalid if witness present
D) Invalid; weapon is property
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Freedom of speech
B) Right against self-incrimination
C) Academic privilege
D) Reduced expectation of privacy
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Prior restraint
B) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
C) Overly restrictive
D) Censorship
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Granted; personal property
B) Granted if notarized
C) Automatic exemption
D) Denied; transparency interest
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) Yes; counsel always needed
B) No; police can compel silence
C) Yes; requires three witnesses
D) No; voluntary statements allowed
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Legal; public concern
B) Allowed under fair comment
C) Protected editorial
D) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) Mandatory registration
B) All physical tests
C) All searches
D) Compelled testimonial evidence
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Valid if online
B) Valid arrest
C) Invalid; no clear danger shown
D) Valid; all protests can be banned
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Protected unless public demands
B) Protected if no confession
C) Privacy absolute
D) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Mandamus
B) Writ of Amparo
C) Writ of Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Prohibition
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Injunction
B) Habeas Data only
C) Habeas Corpus only
D) Amparo
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Prohibition
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Certiorari
B) Prohibition
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Injunction
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Prohibition
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Quo Warranto
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data only
D) Certiorari
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Quo Warranto
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Habeas Data
B) Mandamus
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Certiorari
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Mandamus
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Mandamus
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Injunction
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Prohibition
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Certiorari
D) Habeas Data
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Habeas Data
B) Quo Warranto
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Habeas Data
B) Injunction
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Injunction
B) Habeas Corpus only
C) Habeas Data only
D) Amparo
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Amparo
B) Writ of Habeas Corpus
C) Writ of Kalikasan
D) Writ of Habeas Data
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