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CLJ2 HREDUC
Contributed by: Three
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Equal protection clause
B) Substantive due process
C) Right to speedy disposition
D) Procedural due process
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Procedural due process
C) Equal protection
D) Police power
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) Substantive due process
B) . Bill of Attainder
C) Procedural due process
D) Equal protection clause
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Equal protection is violated
B) Free speech is restricted
C) Due process is denied
D) Substantive due process is upheld
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) Unfair trial procedure
B) Lack of notice before hearing
C) Denial of appeal
D) A law punishing a lawful activity
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Ex post facto limitation
C) Procedural due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Substantive due process
B) Procedural due process
C) Equal protection
D) Judicial review
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Procedural due process
B) Equal protection
C) Substantive due process
D) Habeas corpus
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Delegated legislation
B) Equal protection
C) Judicial review
D) Due process
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Substantive due process
B) Administrative discretion
C) Equal protection of laws
D) Reverse discrimination
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Be based on reasonable distinction
B) Be arbitrary
C) Promote executive power
D) Favor majority
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) Substantive due process
C) Bill of Rights
D) Equal protection
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Ex post facto prohibition
C) Due process only
D) Equal protection
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) . It favors the rich
B) . It applies the same to foreigners only
C) Majority approves
D) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Special privilege
B) Executive intervention
C) Right to fair hearing
D) Equal protection
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Equal protection
C) Both procedural & substantive due process
D) Police power
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
B) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
C) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
D) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Substantive due process
B) Equal protection
C) Police power
D) Procedural due process
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Police power
B) Separation of powers
C) Equal protection
D) Procedural due process
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
B) Burden of proof
C) Court procedure
D) Equality of treatment
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Inadmissible as evidence
B) Acceptable if notarized
C) Admissible if voluntary
D) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) RA 7438 only
B) RA 9745 only-begotten
C) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
D) Neither; threat is allowed
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) Yes, for security reasons
B) Yes, if lawyer agrees
C) No; consultation must be private
D) No; unless recorded
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Was taught formally
B) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
C) Understands
D) Is fluent in only
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Notify embassy or consular office
B) Detain until translator is available, no notice
C) Inform him in local language only
D) Proceed only after bail posting
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Valid interrogation strategy
B) Mental/psychological torture
C) Administrative misconduct only
D) Not torture
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Valid if recorded
B) Admissible if affirmed in court
C) Inadmissible
D) Admissible if voluntarily given
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Neither
B) Only RA 9745
C) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
D) Only RA 7438
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) By counsel alone
B) By arresting officer certification
C) In writing, in presence of counsel
D) Verbally before investigator
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) Yes, even without counsel
B) Yes, if handwritten
C) No; custodial rights violated
D) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) From the moment of arrest
B) After evidence is gathered
C) Only if bail is approved
D) Only after arraignment
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Threat only
B) Adjustment technique
C) Lawful custodial pressure
D) Physical torture
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) Suspension of rights
B) No interview allowed
C) Immediate confession
D) Presence of a social worker
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
B) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
C) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
D) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Witnesses
B) Private institutions only
C) Family members
D) Law enforcement or persons in authority
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Inadmissible due to coercion
B) Valid if translated properly
C) Valid if lawyer signs
D) Admissible due to signature
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) RA 7438 only
B) None; silence isn't mandatory
C) RA 9745 only
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
B) Delay counsel to secure confession
C) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
D) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Verbal report to media
B) Permission from arresting officer
C) Signed confession only
D) Immediate medical examination of victim
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
B) Valid if recorded on video
C) Admissible if homeowner absent
D) Admissible if serious crime
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
B) Inadmissible for lack of basis
C) Valid if contraband is seen
D) Admissible only if witness present
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Valid if crime is ongoing
B) Allowed if property is adjacent
C) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
D) Valid if related to same suspect
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be tagged immediately
B) Items must be uniquely valuable
C) Items must be demanded by complainant
D) Items must be in plain view
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Daytime
B) Signed by barangay officer
C) Lawyer is present
D) Consent is free and informed
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Invalid without barangay witness
B) Invalid due to lack of warrant
C) Valid only with consent
D) Valid under plain view doctrine
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Valid because weapons are dangerous
B) Valid only if in plain view
C) Automatically invalid
D) Valid if same room
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Valid if evidence is later found
B) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
C) Valid only if victim requests
D) Valid search incident to arrest
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Ask informant first
B) Forward to prosecutor
C) Obtain warrant
D) Immediately review
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Only address of area
B) Reason for search
C) Items OR persons sought
D) Type of building
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) No; must be for one offense
B) Yes if crimes related
C) Yes if signed by prosecutor
D) Valid only in daytime
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Invalid; privacy applies
B) Legal with hotel permission
C) Legal if items are visible
D) Valid if guest is foreign
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Admissible if relevant
C) Admissible if confession follows
D) Valid if approved by prosecutor
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Suspect previously convicted
B) Suspect found near crime hours later
C) Anonymous tip reported crime
D) Crime committed in officer’s presence
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
B) Police must always obtain consent
C) Only stolen items may be seized
D) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) Plain view
B) Protective sweep
C) General warrant
D) Hot pursuit
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Valid if signed by witness
C) Valid due to correct address
D) Valid if documented
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
B) Invalid; no personal determination
C) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
D) Valid if offense is serious
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
B) Valid with witness signatures
C) Valid if crime suspected
D) Valid; landlord owns property
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Valid if suspect is armed
B) Invalid because house is private
C) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
D) Valid only with barangay chief present
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
B) Allowed due to freedom of information
C) Violates right to privacy despite public status
D) Protected speech because official is public figure
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Privacy of participants
B) Speech always unrestricted
C) Seditious liability only
D) Prior restraint for national security
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Right against self-incrimination
B) Freedom of speech
C) Freedom of contract
D) Right to privacy
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Right to privacy
B) Freedom of speech
C) Immunity clause
D) Right to travel
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Protected speech
B) Exempt if done off-campus
C) Not protected; threats unprotected
D) Protected by privacy rights
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Restricting obscenity distribution
B) Censoring academic journals
C) Banning criticism of officials
D) Prohibiting media reporting
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Applies only with counsel
B) Does not apply
C) Applies only in civil cases
D) Applies
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Valid if neighbors complain
B) Valid only at night
C) Valid; public safety
D) Invalid; privacy violated
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) Protected against self-incrimination
B) Violation of privacy rights
C) Criminal act against free speech
D) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Not protected; physical evidence
B) Protected; testimonial
C) Protected unless with warrant
D) Protected only with counsel present
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Strict scrutiny
B) Overbreadth doctrine
C) Clear and present danger
D) Prior restraint ban
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Valid; testimonial link
B) Invalid if witness present
C) Invalid; not in court
D) Invalid; weapon is property
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Academic privilege
B) Reduced expectation of privacy
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Freedom of speech
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
B) Prior restraint
C) Censorship
D) Overly restrictive
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Denied; transparency interest
B) Automatic exemption
C) Granted if notarized
D) Granted; personal property
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) Yes; counsel always needed
B) No; voluntary statements allowed
C) No; police can compel silence
D) Yes; requires three witnesses
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Legal; public concern
B) Allowed under fair comment
C) Protected editorial
D) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) Compelled testimonial evidence
B) All physical tests
C) All searches
D) Mandatory registration
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Valid; all protests can be banned
B) Valid if online
C) Valid arrest
D) Invalid; no clear danger shown
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Protected unless public demands
B) Privacy absolute
C) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
D) Protected if no confession
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Mandamus
B) Habeas Data
C) Writ of Amparo
D) Writ of Habeas Corpus
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Prohibition
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data only
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Corpus only
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Prohibition
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Amparo
B) Certiorari
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Injunction
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Quo Warranto
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Certiorari
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data only
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Habeas Data
B) Quo Warranto
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Mandamus
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Certiorari
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Habeas Data
B) Mandamus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Mandamus
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Injunction
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Prohibition
D) Habeas Data
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Certiorari
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Quo Warranto
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Injunction
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus only
C) Habeas Data only
D) Injunction
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Habeas Data
B) Writ of Amparo
C) Writ of Habeas Corpus
D) Writ of Kalikasan
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