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CLJ2 HREDUC
Contributed by: Three
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Equal protection clause
B) Procedural due process
C) Right to speedy disposition
D) Substantive due process
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Police power
C) Equal protection
D) Procedural due process
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) . Bill of Attainder
B) Procedural due process
C) Substantive due process
D) Equal protection clause
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Free speech is restricted
B) Substantive due process is upheld
C) Due process is denied
D) Equal protection is violated
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) Lack of notice before hearing
B) Denial of appeal
C) A law punishing a lawful activity
D) Unfair trial procedure
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Substantive due process
B) Procedural due process
C) Ex post facto limitation
D) Equal protection
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Procedural due process
B) Judicial review
C) Substantive due process
D) Equal protection
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Procedural due process
B) Habeas corpus
C) Substantive due process
D) Equal protection
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Delegated legislation
B) Equal protection
C) Due process
D) Judicial review
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Equal protection of laws
B) Administrative discretion
C) Substantive due process
D) Reverse discrimination
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Be based on reasonable distinction
B) Promote executive power
C) Favor majority
D) Be arbitrary
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) Equal protection
C) Bill of Rights
D) Substantive due process
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Due process only
C) Ex post facto prohibition
D) Substantive due process
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) Majority approves
B) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
C) . It applies the same to foreigners only
D) . It favors the rich
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Executive intervention
B) Special privilege
C) Equal protection
D) Right to fair hearing
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Both procedural & substantive due process
B) Police power
C) Substantive due process
D) Equal protection
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
B) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
C) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
D) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Equal protection
B) Procedural due process
C) Police power
D) Substantive due process
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Equal protection
B) Procedural due process
C) Police power
D) Separation of powers
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
B) Burden of proof
C) Equality of treatment
D) Court procedure
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Inadmissible as evidence
B) Acceptable if notarized
C) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
D) Admissible if voluntary
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) RA 9745 only-begotten
B) Neither; threat is allowed
C) RA 7438 only
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) Yes, for security reasons
B) No; unless recorded
C) No; consultation must be private
D) Yes, if lawyer agrees
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Was taught formally
B) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
C) Is fluent in only
D) Understands
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Detain until translator is available, no notice
B) Inform him in local language only
C) Proceed only after bail posting
D) Notify embassy or consular office
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Valid interrogation strategy
B) Administrative misconduct only
C) Mental/psychological torture
D) Not torture
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Admissible if voluntarily given
B) Admissible if affirmed in court
C) Inadmissible
D) Valid if recorded
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Only RA 7438
B) Only RA 9745
C) Neither
D) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) By counsel alone
B) In writing, in presence of counsel
C) Verbally before investigator
D) By arresting officer certification
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) Yes, even without counsel
B) No; custodial rights violated
C) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
D) Yes, if handwritten
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) From the moment of arrest
B) After evidence is gathered
C) Only if bail is approved
D) Only after arraignment
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Adjustment technique
B) Physical torture
C) Threat only
D) Lawful custodial pressure
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) Presence of a social worker
B) No interview allowed
C) Suspension of rights
D) Immediate confession
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
B) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
C) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
D) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Family members
B) Witnesses
C) Law enforcement or persons in authority
D) Private institutions only
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Admissible due to signature
B) Valid if translated properly
C) Inadmissible due to coercion
D) Valid if lawyer signs
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) RA 9745 only
B) RA 7438 only
C) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
D) None; silence isn't mandatory
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
B) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
C) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
D) Delay counsel to secure confession
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Permission from arresting officer
B) Signed confession only
C) Verbal report to media
D) Immediate medical examination of victim
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Admissible if homeowner absent
B) Valid if recorded on video
C) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
D) Admissible if serious crime
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
B) Admissible only if witness present
C) Valid if contraband is seen
D) Inadmissible for lack of basis
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Valid if crime is ongoing
B) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
C) Allowed if property is adjacent
D) Valid if related to same suspect
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be tagged immediately
B) Items must be demanded by complainant
C) Items must be uniquely valuable
D) Items must be in plain view
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Consent is free and informed
B) Signed by barangay officer
C) Daytime
D) Lawyer is present
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Valid under plain view doctrine
B) Invalid without barangay witness
C) Valid only with consent
D) Invalid due to lack of warrant
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Automatically invalid
B) Valid if same room
C) Valid because weapons are dangerous
D) Valid only if in plain view
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Valid search incident to arrest
B) Valid only if victim requests
C) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
D) Valid if evidence is later found
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Forward to prosecutor
B) Immediately review
C) Obtain warrant
D) Ask informant first
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Only address of area
B) Type of building
C) Items OR persons sought
D) Reason for search
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) Valid only in daytime
B) No; must be for one offense
C) Yes if crimes related
D) Yes if signed by prosecutor
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Invalid; privacy applies
B) Legal with hotel permission
C) Valid if guest is foreign
D) Legal if items are visible
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Inadmissible
B) Valid if approved by prosecutor
C) Admissible if confession follows
D) Admissible if relevant
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Suspect previously convicted
B) Crime committed in officer’s presence
C) Anonymous tip reported crime
D) Suspect found near crime hours later
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Police must always obtain consent
B) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
C) Only stolen items may be seized
D) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) General warrant
B) Plain view
C) Protective sweep
D) Hot pursuit
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Valid if signed by witness
B) Valid due to correct address
C) Inadmissible
D) Valid if documented
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
B) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
C) Valid if offense is serious
D) Invalid; no personal determination
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Valid; landlord owns property
B) Valid if crime suspected
C) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
D) Valid with witness signatures
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Valid only with barangay chief present
B) Valid if suspect is armed
C) Invalid because house is private
D) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) Violates right to privacy despite public status
B) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
C) Protected speech because official is public figure
D) Allowed due to freedom of information
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Privacy of participants
B) Seditious liability only
C) Speech always unrestricted
D) Prior restraint for national security
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Right to privacy
B) Freedom of speech
C) Right against self-incrimination
D) Freedom of contract
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Right to privacy
B) Freedom of speech
C) Right to travel
D) Immunity clause
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Protected by privacy rights
B) Not protected; threats unprotected
C) Exempt if done off-campus
D) Protected speech
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Prohibiting media reporting
B) Restricting obscenity distribution
C) Censoring academic journals
D) Banning criticism of officials
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Applies only in civil cases
B) Does not apply
C) Applies only with counsel
D) Applies
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Valid only at night
B) Valid if neighbors complain
C) Invalid; privacy violated
D) Valid; public safety
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
B) Violation of privacy rights
C) Criminal act against free speech
D) Protected against self-incrimination
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Protected unless with warrant
B) Protected; testimonial
C) Protected only with counsel present
D) Not protected; physical evidence
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Strict scrutiny
B) Prior restraint ban
C) Clear and present danger
D) Overbreadth doctrine
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Invalid if witness present
B) Valid; testimonial link
C) Invalid; not in court
D) Invalid; weapon is property
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Freedom of speech
B) Right against self-incrimination
C) Reduced expectation of privacy
D) Academic privilege
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Censorship
B) Prior restraint
C) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
D) Overly restrictive
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Granted if notarized
B) Denied; transparency interest
C) Granted; personal property
D) Automatic exemption
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) No; police can compel silence
B) Yes; requires three witnesses
C) Yes; counsel always needed
D) No; voluntary statements allowed
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Allowed under fair comment
B) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
C) Protected editorial
D) Legal; public concern
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) Mandatory registration
B) All searches
C) Compelled testimonial evidence
D) All physical tests
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Valid if online
B) Invalid; no clear danger shown
C) Valid; all protests can be banned
D) Valid arrest
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
B) Protected unless public demands
C) Protected if no confession
D) Privacy absolute
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Mandamus
B) Habeas Data
C) Writ of Amparo
D) Writ of Habeas Corpus
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Habeas Corpus only
B) Habeas Data only
C) Amparo
D) Injunction
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Prohibition
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Prohibition
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Certiorari
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Injunction
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Prohibition
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Quo Warranto
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data only
C) Amparo
D) Certiorari
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Quo Warranto
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Habeas Data
B) Mandamus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Certiorari
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Mandamus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Mandamus
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Certiorari
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Quo Warranto
D) Habeas Data
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Injunction
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Habeas Data only
B) Injunction
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus only
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Habeas Data
B) Writ of Kalikasan
C) Writ of Amparo
D) Writ of Habeas Corpus
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