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CLJ2 HREDUC
Contributed by: Three
  • 1. A person was dismissed from government service without being informed of the charges. Which constitutional right was violated?
A) Procedural due process
B) Substantive due process
C) Right to speedy disposition
D) Equal protection clause
  • 2. A law prohibits only journalists from criticizing the government. This violates:
A) Police power
B) Substantive due process
C) Equal protection
D) Procedural due process
  • 3. Police arrested a suspect without a warrant and denied him access to counsel. Which is violated?
A) Substantive due process
B) Procedural due process
C) Equal protection clause
D) . Bill of Attainder
  • 4. A city ordinance increases taxes only on students from private universities. This is unconstitutional because:
A) Free speech is restricted
B) Due process is denied
C) Substantive due process is upheld
D) Equal protection is violated
  • 5. Which situation BEST demonstrates substantive due process?
A) A law punishing a lawful activity
B) Denial of appeal
C) Lack of notice before hearing
D) Unfair trial procedure
  • 6. Applying a law only to individuals with a specific surname violates:
A) Procedural due process
B) Equal protection
C) Ex post facto limitation
D) Substantive due process
  • 7. A court admitted evidence obtained illegally. The violation involved:
A) Procedural due process
B) Equal protection
C) Judicial review
D) Substantive due process
  • 8. A suspect claims he was not allowed to defend himself during trial. Which constitutional safeguard supports his claim?
A) Substantive due process
B) Procedural due process
C) Habeas corpus
D) Equal protection
  • 9. . A law allows imprisonment without trial. This shows absence of:
A) Equal protection
B) Due process
C) Judicial review
D) Delegated legislation
  • 10. Government creates a rule that applies equally to all groups unless a valid distinction exists. This reflects:
A) Administrative discretion
B) Substantive due process
C) Reverse discrimination
D) Equal protection of laws
  • 11. To be valid, classification under the equal protection clause must:
A) Promote executive power
B) Be arbitrary
C) Favor majority
D) Be based on reasonable distinction
  • 12. Authorities closed a business without a hearing. What was violated?
A) Substantive due process
B) Equal protection
C) Bill of Rights
D) Procedural due process
  • 13. Law punishing crimes committed before its passage violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Ex post facto prohibition
C) Due process only
D) Substantive due process
  • 14. Equal protection is satisfied when:
A) Classification is reasonable and applies equally to those similarly situated
B) Majority approves
C) . It favors the rich
D) . It applies the same to foreigners only
  • 15. The essence of procedural due process in criminal cases is:
A) Executive intervention
B) Special privilege
C) Equal protection
D) Right to fair hearing
  • 16. A law allows detention based solely on suspicion without hearing. Unconstitutional because it violates:
A) Equal protection
B) Police power
C) Both procedural & substantive due process
D) Substantive due process
  • 17. Which illustrates equal protection in criminal justice?
A) Only wealthy accused receive counsel
B) Penalties differ for same crime based on religion
C) Only locals are penalized; tourists are exempt
D) All accused are entitled to the same defenses and penalties
  • 18. Before license cancellation, the government must notify and hear the driver. This is:
A) Procedural due process
B) Police power
C) Substantive due process
D) Equal protection
  • 19. A law increasing penalties only for a particular ethnic group is invalid due to violation of:
A) Police power
B) Procedural due process
C) Equal protection
D) Separation of powers
  • 20. Substantive due process primarily focuses on:
A) Burden of proof
B) Reasonableness of the law itself C. Court procedure
C) Court procedure
D) Equality of treatment
  • 21. A suspect is interrogated without being informed of his rights. What is the status of his signed confession?
A) Admissible if voluntary
B) Acceptable if notarized
C) Inadmissible as evidence
D) Valid only if witnessed by two civilians
  • 22. Police threaten a suspect with harm unless he confesses. This violates:
A) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
B) RA 9745 only-begotten
C) Neither; threat is allowed
D) RA 7438 only
  • 23. A suspect requests to talk privately with his lawyer, but officers insist to stay nearby. Is this compliant?
A) No; consultation must be private
B) No; unless recorded
C) Yes, if lawyer agrees
D) Yes, for security reasons
  • 24. Officers must inform the suspect of his rights in a language he:
A) Understands
B) Was taught formally
C) Prefers but must pay for B. Understands
D) Is fluent in only
  • 25. A foreign national is arrested. Which is required?
A) Inform him in local language only
B) Notify embassy or consular office
C) Proceed only after bail posting
D) Detain until translator is available, no notice
  • 26. Under RA 9745, forcing a suspect to watch torture of another person is considered:
A) Mental/psychological torture
B) Not torture
C) Valid interrogation strategy
D) Administrative misconduct only
  • 27. Officers interrogate a suspect whose lawyer arrives but is denied access. Statements obtained:
A) Admissible if voluntarily given
B) Inadmissible
C) Admissible if affirmed in court
D) Valid if recorded
  • 28. A suspect is detained secretly without access to family. This violates:
A) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
B) Neither
C) Only RA 9745
D) Only RA 7438
  • 29. Which can legally waive custodial rights?
A) Verbally before investigator
B) By arresting officer certification
C) In writing, in presence of counsel
D) By counsel alone
  • 30. Officers request the suspect to sign an apology letter admitting guilt. The suspect signs. Is this valid?
A) Yes, if handwritten
B) Yes, even without counsel
C) No; custodial rights violated
D) Valid if signed voluntarily before 2 witnesses
  • 31. Under RA 7438, a suspect has the right to communicate with family. This applies:
A) Only if bail is approved
B) After evidence is gathered
C) From the moment of arrest
D) Only after arraignment
  • 32. A suspect is denied food and water to force disclosure. This is:
A) Adjustment technique
B) Threat only
C) Physical torture
D) Lawful custodial pressure
  • 33. A minor is arrested. What must police ensure?
A) Presence of a social worker
B) Immediate confession
C) Suspension of rights
D) No interview allowed
  • 34. Which scenario shows lawful interrogation?
A) Use of intimidation to avoid delays
B) Suspect interrogated even after invoking right to silence
C) Private consultation with lawyer prior to questioning
D) Questioning suspect without counsel but rSuspect interrogated even after ecorded
  • 35. Under RA 9745, who has primary liability for torture?
A) Family members
B) Private institutions only
C) Witnesses
D) Law enforcement or persons in authority
  • 36. A suspect signed a confession after hours of sleep deprivation. Resulting evidence is:
A) Valid if lawyer signs
B) Admissible due to signature
C) Inadmissible due to coercion
D) Valid if translated properly
  • 37. A suspect invokes silence. Investigators continue questioning, pressuring him. What violation occurs?
A) None; silence isn't mandatory
B) RA 9745 only
C) Both RA 7438 & RA 9745
D) RA 7438 only
  • 38. Which best applies the right under RA 7438?
A) Advise suspect of rights and allow chosen counsel
B) Delay counsel to secure confession
C) Limit counsel to state-appointed only
D) Provide any lawyer, regardless of consent
  • 39. For documentation under the Anti-Torture Act, which is required?
A) Immediate medical examination of victim
B) Permission from arresting officer
C) Signed confession only
D) Verbal report to media
  • 40. Police enter a house without a warrant after receiving an anonymous tip. No emergency exists. Evidence found is:
A) Valid if recorded on video
B) Admissible if serious crime
C) Inadmissible due to invalid entry
D) Admissible if homeowner absent
  • 41. During a checkpoint, police search a vehicle’s trunk without consent or probable cause. Resulting evidence is:
A) Inadmissible for lack of basis
B) Valid if contraband is seen
C) Admissible only if witness present
D) Valid if the driver looks suspicious
  • 42. A warrant authorizes search of “Juan’s house.” Police also search the neighboring home. This is:
A) Allowed if property is adjacent
B) Valid if related to same suspect
C) Invalid; beyond warrant scope
D) Valid if crime is ongoing
  • 43. Items not listed in a warrant are seized during search. What is required to validate seizure?
A) Items must be in plain view
B) Items must be tagged immediately
C) Items must be demanded by complainant
D) Items must be uniquely valuable
  • 44. A suspect voluntarily allows police to search his car. The search is valid only if:
A) Consent is free and informed
B) Daytime
C) Lawyer is present
D) Signed by barangay officer
  • 45. Police see illegal drugs on a table through an open window. Entry and seizure without a warrant is:
A) Valid only with consent
B) Valid under plain view doctrine
C) Invalid due to lack of warrant
D) Invalid without barangay witness
  • 46. A search warrant issued for “stolen electronics” is used to seize firearms. This seizure is:
A) Automatically invalid
B) Valid if same room
C) Valid because weapons are dangerous
D) Valid only if in plain view
  • 47. A suspect is arrested for theft. Police then search his house without warrant. The search is:
A) Valid search incident to arrest
B) Valid only if victim requests
C) Invalid; arrest doesn’t include home search
D) Valid if evidence is later found
  • 48. A cellphone is seized during legal arrest. To view messages, police must:
A) Immediately review
B) Obtain warrant
C) Ask informant first
D) Forward to prosecutor
  • 49. Warrant must particularly describe:
A) Items OR persons sought
B) Only address of area
C) Type of building
D) Reason for search
  • 50. A judge issues a search warrant for two crimes. Is it valid?
A) No; must be for one offense
B) Yes if signed by prosecutor
C) Yes if crimes related
D) Valid only in daytime
  • 51. A hotel room is searched without a warrant while the guest is inside. No emergency exists. This is:
A) Legal if items are visible
B) Invalid; privacy applies
C) Legal with hotel permission
D) Valid if guest is foreign
  • 52. Evidence seized illegally is:
A) Admissible if confession follows
B) Admissible if relevant
C) Inadmissible
D) Valid if approved by prosecutor
  • 53. Which scenario makes a warrantless arrest valid?
A) Suspect previously convicted
B) Crime committed in officer’s presence
C) Suspect found near crime hours later
D) Anonymous tip reported crime
  • 54. The exclusionary rule provides that:
A) Evidence legally obtained must be returned
B) Illegally obtained evidence is inadmissible
C) Only stolen items may be seized
D) Police must always obtain consent
  • 55. Police knock, the resident opens, and illegal items are visible. Seizure without warrant is justified by:
A) Hot pursuit
B) General warrant
C) Plain view
D) Protective sweep
  • 56. A search was done at the correct house but used an expired warrant. Evidence is:
A) Valid if signed by witness
B) Valid if documented
C) Inadmissible
D) Valid due to correct address
  • 57. A warrant is issued by a judge who never personally evaluated evidence. The warrant is:
A) Valid if offense is serious
B) Valid if police swore affidavit C. Invalid; no personal
C) Invalid; no personal determination
D) Valid if prosecutor confirmed
  • 58. A landlord grants police permission to search a tenant’s room. Evidence found is:
A) Valid if crime suspected
B) Invalid; tenant controls privacy
C) Valid with witness signatures
D) Valid; landlord owns property
  • 59. Police trail a suspect and enter his home while in immediate pursuit. Seizure without warrant is:
A) Invalid because house is private
B) Valid if suspect is armed
C) Valid only with barangay chief present
D) Valid due to hot pursuit doctrine
  • 60. A journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
A) Allowed due to freedom of information
B) Protected speech because official is public figure
C) journalist obtains leaked medical records of a public official and publishes them. Which principle applies?
D) Violates right to privacy despite public status
  • 61. Government prohibits a rally due to credible intelligence of imminent violence. Limitation is based on:
A) Seditious liability only
B) Privacy of participants
C) Speech always unrestricted
D) Prior restraint for national security
  • 62. A suspect is forced to answer questions about involvement in a crime. This violates:
A) Right against self-incrimination
B) Freedom of contract
C) Freedom of speech
D) Right to privacy
  • 63. Police search personal files on a phone during arrest without warrant. This violates:
A) Right to travel
B) Freedom of speech
C) Right to privacy
D) Immunity clause
  • 64. A student posts threats online against a classmate. School sanctions are challenged. Decision?
A) Not protected; threats unprotected
B) Protected by privacy rights
C) Protected speech
D) Exempt if done off-campus
  • 65. Which illustrates a valid limitation on freedom of speech?
A) Banning criticism of officials
B) Censoring academic journals
C) Restricting obscenity distribution
D) Prohibiting media reporting
  • 66. A witness refuses to testify about a friend’s criminal act despite not being implicated. Right against self-incrimination:
A) Applies only with counsel
B) Applies
C) Applies only in civil cases
D) Does not apply
  • 67. A homeowner refuses warrantless entry to officers. Officer insists due to “public curiosity.” Decision?
A) Valid; public safety
B) Valid if neighbors complain
C) Invalid; privacy violated
D) Valid only at night
  • 68. A celebrity sues media for photographing him eating in a public plaza. Likely ruling:
A) Protected against self-incrimination
B) Violation of privacy rights
C) No violation; no reasonable expectation of privacy
D) Criminal act against free speech
  • 69. A citizen refuses to provide handwriting sample in a forgery case. This refusal:
A) Not protected; physical evidence
B) Protected; testimonial
C) Protected only with counsel present
D) Protected unless with warrant
  • 70. Government prohibits distribution of pamphlets urging imminent violent uprising. This is based on:
A) Overbreadth doctrine
B) Strict scrutiny
C) Prior restraint ban
D) Clear and present danger
  • 71. A person declines to answer whether he owns a gun, as answer may incriminate him. Validity?
A) Invalid if witness present
B) Valid; testimonial link
C) Invalid; weapon is property
D) Invalid; not in court
  • 72. A school inspects lockers for prohibited items. No consent needed because:
A) Right against self-incrimination
B) Reduced expectation of privacy
C) Academic privilege
D) Freedom of speech
  • 73. A street protest is allowed but regulated to avoid blocking traffic. This is:
A) Prior restraint
B) Overly restrictive
C) Legitimate time-place-manner regulation
D) Censorship
  • 74. A public servant claims privacy to refuse disclosure of SALN. Decision?
A) Granted; personal property
B) Automatic exemption
C) Denied; transparency interest
D) Granted if notarized
  • 75. A suspect voluntarily confesses at police station. He later claims right against self-incrimination was violated. Valid?
A) No; police can compel silence
B) Yes; counsel always needed
C) Yes; requires three witnesses
D) No; voluntary statements allowed
  • 76. A newspaper exposes tax fraud but includes bank PINs of the subject. Analysis:
A) Legal; public concern
B) Allowed under fair comment
C) Protected editorial
D) Illegal; excessive invasion of privacy
  • 77. The right against self-incrimination protects against:
A) All searches
B) Mandatory registration
C) Compelled testimonial evidence
D) All physical tests
  • 78. A blogger encourages peaceful protests. Authorities arrest him for inciting violence. Decision?
A) Valid; all protests can be banned
B) Valid arrest
C) Invalid; no clear danger shown
D) Valid if online
  • 79. A person claims privacy to block investigation of illegal weapons stored at home. Analysis:
A) Privacy yields to lawful warrant
B) Protected unless public demands
C) Protected if no confession
D) Privacy absolute
  • 80. A man is detained without charges. His family wants immediate release. Which remedy applies?
A) Mandamus
B) Writ of Amparo
C) Writ of Habeas Corpus
D) Habeas Data
  • 81. A woman claims unknown men are surveilling her movements after she criticized officials. She petitions to stop the threat. Which writ is proper?
A) Prohibition
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 82. Police deny possession of a missing person. Family seeks protection and disclosure of his whereabouts. What is the appropriate remedy?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data only
C) Injunction
D) Habeas Corpus only
  • 83. A government agency keeps false information about a citizen affecting his security. Which writ can correct or destroy said data?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Prohibition
D) Habeas Data
  • 84. A detainee is transferred secretly between facilities to avoid inspection. To compel production of the body, family may file:
A) Prohibition
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Certiorari
  • 85. Which remedy focuses on the right to life, liberty, and security, regardless of detention status?
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Injunction
  • 86. A private corporation stores an individual’s personal files without consent, affecting his privacy. Which writ applies?
A) Habeas Data
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Prohibition
  • 87. A political activist’s location is concealed by authorities. His family wants release and immediate presentation. Which writ is most appropriate?
A) Quo Warranto
B) Habeas Data
C) Habeas Corpus
D) Amparo
  • 88. A petitioner seeks to stop harassment and threats despite no detention. Which writ applies?
A) Amparo
B) Habeas Data only
C) Certiorari
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 89. A wrongfully detained citizen requests the court to examine cause of restraint. This describes:
A) Quo Warranto
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 90. Which writ grants access to personal records held by police and permits correction?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Mandamus
D) Habeas Data
  • 91. A human rights worker fears abduction by state agents. Which remedy protects her security?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Certiorari
  • 92. A soldier in custody is reported dead, but family doubts the claim. They seek to verify and locate him. Remedy?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Habeas Data
C) Mandamus
D) Amparo
  • 93. A person under surveillance wants to know what information is being collected by police. Best writ?
A) Mandamus
B) Habeas Data
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Corpus
  • 94. . A family wants court protection from threats by unknown armed groups. They do not seek release. What writ?
    L
A) Injunction
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Habeas Data
  • 95. Person held without warrant asks the court to justify the legality of detention.
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Prohibition
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 96. A student believes her personal digital files are tampered with by intelligence units. She requests verification and correction.
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Data
D) Certiorari
  • 97. Which writ may compel government to investigate threats to a witness’s life?
A) Habeas Data
B) Habeas Corpus
C) Amparo
D) Quo Warranto
  • 98. . A detainee is lawfully restrained but wants access to personal files held by military. Most appropriate writ?
A) Habeas Corpus
B) Injunction
C) Habeas Data
D) Amparo
  • 99. Petitioners allege enforced disappearance by military agents and seek command responsibility. Proper writ?
A) Habeas Data only
B) Amparo
C) Habeas Corpus only
D) Injunction
  • 100. A mother believes her 17-year-old son is being detained in a police substation without charges for more than 48 hours. What is the most appropriate judicial remedy she should immediately pursue?
A) Writ of Kalikasan
B) Writ of Habeas Data
C) Writ of Habeas Corpus
D) Writ of Amparo
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