- 1. The discovery of penicillin, often hailed as one of the greatest accidental innovations in the history of medicine, occurred in 1928 when Scottish bacteriologist Alexander Fleming returned to his laboratory at St. Mary's Hospital in London after a two-week vacation. Upon his return, he noticed that a Petri dish containing Staphylococcus bacteria had become contaminated with mold, specifically a strain of Penicillium notatum. Strikingly, the areas surrounding the mold showed a clear inhibition of bacterial growth, leading Fleming to deduce that the mold released a substance that effectively killed the bacteria. This fortunate accident marked the beginning of modern antibiotics, as Fleming’s subsequent research into this substance, which he named penicillin, paved the way for its mass production and utilization during World War II to treat infected wounds and save countless lives. The journey from a chance observation in a messy lab to the development of one of the most revolutionary medicines in history showcases how unplanned discoveries can lead to monumental shifts in health care and medical treatment.
Who discovered penicillin?
A) Albert Calmette
B) Alexander Fleming
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Joseph Lister
- 2. What year was penicillin discovered?
A) 1928
B) 1950
C) 1941
D) 1934
- 3. What was Fleming studying when he discovered penicillin?
A) Bacteria
B) Parasites
C) Viruses
D) Fungi
- 4. Which organism is responsible for producing penicillin?
A) Penicillium notatum
B) Escherichia coli
C) Staphylococcus aureus
D) Streptococcus pneumoniae
- 5. What type of drug is penicillin?
A) Analgesic
B) Antiviral
C) Antibiotic
D) Antifungal
- 6. Who further developed penicillin for mass production?
A) Paul Ehrlich
B) Robert Koch
C) Edward Jenner
D) Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain
- 7. During which war was penicillin mass-produced?
A) Vietnam War
B) World War II
C) World War I
D) Korean War
- 8. What year did Alexander Fleming win the Nobel Prize?
A) 1928
B) 1952
C) 1945
D) 1939
- 9. What was the original name given to penicillin by Fleming?
A) Penicillinase
B) Fleming's mold
C) Penicillium
D) Bacillin
- 10. What bacterial disease was notably treated with penicillin?
A) Malaria
B) Tuberculosis
C) Syphilis
D) HIV/AIDS
- 11. What honor was given to Alexander Fleming for his discovery?
A) Presidential Medal of Freedom
B) Nobel Prize in Literature
C) Pulitzer Prize
D) Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
- 12. What type of organism produces penicillin?
A) Plants
B) Viruses
C) Bacteria
D) Fungi
- 13. What is a common form of penicillin used today?
A) Amoxicillin
B) Ciprofloxacin
C) Aspirin
D) Ibuprofen
- 14. How does penicillin work?
A) By interfering with bacterial cell wall synthesis
B) By neutralizing toxins
C) By boosting the immune system
D) By blocking viral replication
- 15. In which country was penicillin first developed for mass production?
A) Germany
B) Great Britain
C) United States
D) France
- 16. What was the original method to produce penicillin?
A) Isolation from animals
B) Extraction from plants
C) Fermentation
D) Synthesis
- 17. Which term describes a resistance of bacteria to penicillin?
A) Bacteriophage
B) Penicillin resistance
C) Natural selection
D) Vaccine evasion
- 18. What kind of infections can penicillin treat?
A) Viral infections
B) Fungal infections
C) Bacterial infections
D) Parasitic infections
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