A) The translation of RNA into protein B) The synthesis of DNA from RNA C) The degradation of RNA molecules D) The copying of one RNA to another
A) Reverse transcriptases B) DNA-dependent RNA polymerases C) Ribosomal peptide synthetases D) RNA-dependent RNA polymerases
A) Only in prions B) Exclusively in bacterial plasmids C) In many eukaryotes D) Only in prokaryotes
A) DNA replication B) Nonribosomal peptide synthesis C) Intein excision D) RNA silencing
A) An RNA sequence being altered by a protein complex and a guide RNA B) The creation of DNA from a protein template C) The conversion of proteins into RNA D) The destruction of messenger RNA
A) It is immediately destroyed by enzymes B) It must be converted into carbohydrates C) It can easily flow back to nucleic acid D) It cannot flow back from protein to nucleic acid
A) The replication of prions in host cells B) The direct translation of proteins back into DNA C) The synthesis of RNA without a DNA template D) Editing of protein amino-acid sequences by appropriate enzymes after translation
A) Yes B) Only in eukaryotes C) No D) Only in viruses
A) Ribosomes B) RNA-dependent RNA polymerases C) Homing endonucleases D) Nonribosomal peptide synthetases
A) Cyclic or branched structures and non-proteinogenic amino acids B) Double-stranded nucleic acid backbones C) Linear structures and standard amino acids only D) Lack of any peptide bonds
A) Most DNA polymerases B) Prion proteins C) All ribosomal enzymes D) Some of the antibiotics
A) A non-proteinogenic amino acid B) A guide RNA used in RNA editing C) A parasitic segment of a protein that is able to excise itself D) A type of virus that replicates RNA
A) Destroys the entire protein backbone B) Converts the protein into a nucleic acid C) Excises itself from the chain and rejoins the remaining portions D) Replicates the ribosomal RNA
A) A nonribosomal peptide synthetase domain B) An RNA silencing domain C) A homing endonuclease or HEG domain D) A prion conformation domain
A) The immediate degradation of the host cell B) The synthesis of nonribosomal antibiotics C) The DNA double-stranded break repair mechanism D) The reversal of the central dogma
A) Proteins of particular amino acid sequences in particular conformations B) Enzymes that edit RNA sequences C) Nonribosomal peptide synthetases D) Small RNA-dependent polymerases found in eukaryotes
A) By translating RNA directly into new prions B) By making conformational changes in other molecules of protein with the same amino acid sequence C) By excising themselves from protein backbones D) By copying their own nucleic acid sequences
A) RNA → DNA → Protein B) Protein → Nucleic acid C) Nucleic acid → Protein → Nucleic acid D) Protein → Protein
A) Watson and Crick B) Rosalind Ridley C) Alain E. Bussard and Eugene Koonin D) Not mentioned in the text
A) Prions prove that information flows backward from proteins to DNA B) The prion hypothesis is not heretical to the central dogma because it does not claim that proteins replicate C) The prion hypothesis completely destroys the central dogma by proving protein replication D) Proteins are capable of manufacturing nucleic acid sequences
A) Rosalind Franklin B) Gregor Mendel C) James Watson D) Francis Crick
A) 1958 B) 1965 C) 1970 D) 1955
A) 1970 B) 1980 C) 1958 D) 1965
A) Francis Crick B) Gregor Mendel C) James Watson D) Watson and Crick
A) 1958 B) 1970 C) 1975 D) 1965
A) Crick's original version B) Neither remains valid C) Watson's version D) Both are equally valid
A) Cross-linked polysaccharides B) Linear heteropolymers C) Branched homopolymers D) Circular lipids
A) Two B) One C) Four D) Three
A) Chaotic and reversible B) Inconsistent and unstable C) Random and spontaneous D) Faithful, deterministic transfers
A) Three B) Two C) One D) Four
A) Codons B) Templates C) Polymers D) Monomers
A) Somatic cells B) Bacterial ribosomes C) Human mitochondria D) Plant chloroplasts
A) The replisome B) RNA polymerase C) Transcription factors D) Ribosomes
A) Pre-mRNA transcript B) Complementary daughter strand C) Template mRNA strand D) Polypeptide chain
A) Translation B) Splicing C) Replication D) Transcription
A) Polypeptide B) Pre-mRNA C) Mature mRNA D) Complementary DNA
A) Replication B) Splicing C) Duplication D) Translation
A) Inside the cell nucleus B) At a ribosome C) At the Golgi apparatus D) Within the endoplasmic reticulum
A) The cytoplasm B) The nucleolus C) The nuclear pore D) The cell nucleus
A) UAG B) AUG C) UGA D) UAA
A) Alanine-uracil-glycine B) Adenine-thymine-guanine C) Adenine-uracil-cytosine D) Adenine-uracil-guanine
A) UAA B) AUG C) GUA D) UCA
A) ACC B) MET C) UGA D) AUG
A) AUG B) GUU C) UAG D) ACU
A) Codons B) Cofactors C) Inteins D) Retroviruses
A) Reverse Transcriptase B) Elongation factors C) Initiation factors D) Chaperone proteins
A) August Weismann B) Jacques Monod C) Albert Einstein D) Horace Freeland Judson
A) As experimentally proven B) As absolute truths C) Without foundation D) As central dogma
A) Universal acceptance B) Extensive experimental support C) Little direct experimental support D) No theoretical backing
A) Francis Crick B) Jacques Monod C) August Weismann D) Horace Freeland Judson
A) A religious law B) A catch phrase C) A proven fact D) A sacred truth
A) August Weismann B) Francis Crick C) Horace Freeland Judson D) Jacques Monod
A) 1900 B) 1892 C) 1882 D) 1953
A) Somatic B) Disposable C) Temporary D) Immortal
A) Germline B) Immortal C) Permanent D) Disposable
A) Non-molecular terms B) Molecular terms C) Religious terms D) Quantum terms |