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United States home front during World War II - Quiz
Contributed by: Butler
  • 1. When did the birth rate begin its sharp increase?
A) 1939
B) 1941
C) 1946
D) 1944
  • 2. What was the name of the government program providing free prenatal care to wives of low-ranking servicemen?
A) EMIC
B) G.I. Bill
C) New Deal
D) Smith Act
  • 3. What event caused a pause in the birth rate between 1944 and 1945?
A) The end of the war
B) 12 million men were in uniform
C) Government mandated birth control
D) A severe housing shortage
  • 4. When did the housing boom finally begin to meet the demand for homes?
A) 1944
B) 1949
C) 1946
D) 1941
  • 5. What legislation supported much of the new housing built after 1944?
A) Nationality Act
B) G.I. Bill
C) Smith Act
D) Magnuson Act
  • 6. When did divorce rates reach a peak during the war era?
A) 1941
B) 1946
C) 1949
D) 1944
  • 7. What contributed to the housing shortages during the war?
A) Massive immigration
B) New federal zoning laws
C) Migration to munitions centers
D) Destruction of cities
  • 8. Which act repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882?
A) McCarran-Walter Act
B) Nationality Act
C) Smith Act
D) Magnuson Act
  • 9. What did the Nationality Act of 1940 allow certain immigrants to do?
A) Gain citizenship by enlisting in the army
B) Enter the country without visas
C) Receive free housing
D) Vote in federal elections
  • 10. What was the formal name of the Smith Act?
A) War Brides Act
B) Alien Registration Act of 1940
C) Chinese Exclusion Act
D) Nationality Act
  • 11. Which group was subject to internment in the United States during the war?
A) Japanese and Japanese-Americans
B) Chinese immigrants
C) Mexican workers
D) German immigrants
  • 12. Approximately how many Mexican workers were brought to the U.S. by the Bracero Program?
A) 500,000
B) 1 million
C) 12 million
D) 5 million
  • 13. Who was the U.S. Assistant Secretary of State who made it harder for Jewish refugees to enter the U.S.?
A) Franklin Roosevelt
B) Harry Truman
C) Breckinridge Long
D) Senator McCarran
  • 14. What was the purpose of the War Brides Act of 1945?
A) Preventing divorce for servicemen
B) Providing housing for veterans
C) Expedited citizenship for soldiers' spouses
D) Restricting immigration from Europe
  • 15. What criteria did the 1952 McCarran-Walter Act use to turn away migrants?
A) Religious affiliation
B) Immorality or disease
C) Country of origin
D) Political party membership
  • 16. What was the main reason visa applicants were screened in minute detail after 1939?
A) Lack of federal funds
B) Economic depression
C) Fear of German spies and saboteurs
D) Overpopulation
  • 17. What movement led to Roosevelt's Executive Order 8802?
A) Labor Union Strike
B) Civil Rights Movement
C) Great Depression Reform
D) March on Washington Movement
  • 18. Which committee was established by Executive Order 8802?
A) Fair Wage Commission
B) Committee on Defense Industries
C) National Labor Relations Board
D) President's Committee on Fair Employment Practices
  • 19. What is the term used in the text to describe the sharp decrease in income inequality?
A) Economic Boom
B) Prosperity Peak
C) Great Compression
D) Wage Equalization
  • 20. Why did the gap between white collar and blue collar income narrow?
A) White collar wages were frozen by the government
B) Blue collar workers received better education
C) Taxes on white collar workers increased significantly
D) White collar workers did not typically receive overtime
  • 21. By what percentage did real wages rise during the four years of the war?
A) 70%
B) 44%
C) 25%
D) 50%
  • 22. What percentage of families earned less than $2,000 annually by the end of the war?
A) 25%
B) 60%
C) 75%
D) 40%
  • 23. What standard of living definition was used by the Works Progress Administration in 1941?
A) $1,500 per year
B) $1,000 per year
C) $2,000 per year
D) $3,000 per year
  • 24. By what percentage did average weekly earnings rise from 1939 to 1944?
A) 70%
B) 44%
C) 50%
D) 25%
  • 25. How much did organized labor membership increase between 1941 and 1945?
A) 50%
B) 70%
C) 44%
D) 25%
  • 26. According to the study cited, what percentage of Americans lived in poverty in 1933?
A) Under 25%
B) Under 40%
C) Over 60%
D) Over 75%
  • 27. By how much did individual savings accounts climb during the war?
A) Remained unchanged
B) Almost sevenfold
C) By 50%
D) Doubled
  • 28. Which group increased their share of the economic pie during the war?
A) The top 5%
B) The bottom 40%
C) Government employees
D) White collar workers only
  • 29. Which group dominated Congress during World War II and held influence over welfare projects?
A) New Dealers
B) Conservatives
C) Socialists
D) Liberals
  • 30. What was the main requirement for conservatives to approve welfare projects during the war?
A) Business support
B) Public protests
C) Presidential mandate
D) International pressure
  • 31. What was the purpose of the Coal Mines Inspection and Investigation Act of 1941?
A) Reducing fatality rates
B) Nationalizing mines
C) Increasing coal production
D) Raising miner wages
  • 32. According to the text, what was the basis for benefits favored by conservatives?
A) Income levels
B) Universal need
C) Age criteria
D) National service
  • 33. What type of housing was provided by the Lanham Act?
A) Integrated housing
B) Segregated housing
C) Public high-rise apartments
D) Rural homesteads
  • 34. What was the function of the Public Health Service Act passed in 1944?
A) Mandated vaccinations for all citizens
B) Established local hospitals in rural areas
C) Provided free medical care for all
D) Expanded federal-state public health programs
  • 35. Which agency introduced the Emergency Maternity and Infant Care (EMIC) program?
A) Social Security Administration
B) Children's Bureau
C) Department of Defense
D) Public Health Service
  • 36. What did the 1943 Disabled Veterans Rehabilitation Act provide?
A) Vocational rehabilitation services
B) Monetary disability pensions
C) Guaranteed lifetime medical care
D) Land grants
  • 37. The G.I. Bill of 1944 is primarily noted for its role in expanding what?
A) The federal bureaucracy
B) Corporate monopolies
C) The American middle class
D) The defense industry
  • 38. How did the film industry contribute to the war effort?
A) By manufacturing weapons
B) Through propaganda
C) By managing price controls
D) By providing government loans
  • 39. Which of the following items was tightly rationed during the war?
A) Gasoline
B) Paper
C) Electricity
D) Wood
  • 40. What was the standard weekly gasoline allocation for most families?
A) 10 US gallons
B) 3 US gallons
C) 5 US gallons
D) 1 US gallon
  • 41. What happened to the production of durable goods like kitchen appliances during the war?
A) It stayed the same
B) It was banned
C) It increased rapidly
D) It was subsidized
  • 42. What economic effect did high personal savings have after the war?
A) Increased inflation
B) Decline in industry
C) Renewed growth
D) A massive recession
  • 43. How did war spending affect the gross national product (GNP)?
A) It stayed constant
B) It doubled
C) It vanished
D) It decreased by half
  • 44. What were the government contracts called that paid all expenses plus a profit?
A) Subsidy-only
B) Cost-plus
C) Competitive bidding
D) Fixed-price
  • 45. What was the percentage of federal expenditures in relation to GNP in 1929?
A) 25%
B) 3%
C) 10%
D) 40%
  • 46. What was the first item to be rationed in the United States in 1942?
A) Sugar
B) Coffee
C) Gasoline
D) Tires
  • 47. Which executive order attempted to impose a 100% surtax on after-tax incomes over $25,000?
A) Executive order 8888
B) Executive order 4444
C) Executive order 9250
D) Executive order 1010
  • 48. Which of the following items was NOT subject to rationing?
A) Used goods
B) Gasoline
C) Canned foods
D) Silk stockings
  • 49. What was the lowest number of unemployed people recorded in the fall of 1944?
A) 1.5 million
B) 700,000
C) 7.7 million
D) 3.4 million
  • 50. Who was the symbol of women working in manufacturing during the war?
A) Alice Throckmorton McLean
B) Rosie the Riveter
C) Philip Wrigley
D) Eleanor Roosevelt
  • 51. Who founded the American Women's Voluntary Services (AWVS)?
A) Franklin D. Roosevelt
B) Rosie the Riveter
C) Philip Wrigley
D) Alice Throckmorton McLean
  • 52. Who created the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League?
A) Alice Throckmorton McLean
B) The Chicago Cubs players
C) The U.S. government
D) Philip Wrigley
  • 53. In what year was the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League created?
A) 1940
B) 1941
C) 1946
D) 1943
  • 54. How many women were in the AWVS by the end of the war?
A) 100,000
B) 325,000
C) 18,000
D) 1 billion
  • 55. What percentage of women remained in the workforce in 1946 compared to 1944?
A) 87%
B) 50%
C) 100%
D) 13%
  • 56. What did the term 'bracero' translate to in Spanish?
A) War helper
B) Strong arm
C) Field worker
D) Farm hand
  • 57. What was the slogan used to encourage children to help with food production?
A) Grow your own, can your own
B) Victory starts in the garden
C) Work for victory, work for peace
D) Feed the troops, feed the nation
  • 58. Where were 50 percent of the recruited braceros sent to work?
A) California
B) Texas
C) Michigan
D) The Pacific Northwest
  • 59. How were prices and markets for agricultural commodities managed during the war?
A) Under tight federal control
B) Managed by the state governments
C) Left to the free market
D) Determined by local farmers
  • 60. What was the age range for teenagers in the Victory Farm Volunteers?
A) 10–15
B) 14–18
C) 16–21
D) 12–16
  • 61. Which organization did the United Mine Workers leave in 1942?
A) The UAW
B) The AFL
C) The US Crop Corps
D) The CIO
  • 62. Which union leader became a much-hated figure due to threats of strikes during the war?
A) The leader of the AFL
B) The head of the UAW
C) John L. Lewis
D) Franklin D. Roosevelt
  • 63. What town grew from 1,500 people to host Camp Blanding?
A) Wilmington, North Carolina.
B) Starke, Florida.
C) Oak Ridge, Tennessee.
D) Dallas, Texas.
  • 64. How many cargo ships did the North Carolina Shipbuilding Company launch before closing?
A) 1,000.
B) 100.
C) 500.
D) 243.
  • 65. Which of these cities is mentioned as having huge warplane plants?
A) Dallas-Fort Worth.
B) Miami.
C) New Orleans.
D) Nashville.
  • 66. What resource was used at Oak Ridge to prepare uranium?
A) Natural gas from the Gulf Coast.
B) Tennessee Valley Authority electricity.
C) Coal mined in Virginia.
D) Solar power from the South.
  • 67. What kind of ships were the 126 vessels launched by the North Carolina Shipbuilding Company?
A) Aircraft carriers.
B) Liberty ships.
C) Submarines.
D) Battleships.
  • 68. How did the South's income levels compare to the national average after the war?
A) They were exactly equal.
B) They lagged behind.
C) They exceeded the national average.
D) They were the highest in the nation.
  • 69. What created a backlight that helped German U-boats target ships?
A) Military naval bases
B) Coastal cities
C) Lighthouses
D) Naval patrol ships
  • 70. What was a primary duty of the local civilian defense early in the war?
A) Building naval vessels
B) Manufacturing munitions
C) Managing lights at night
D) Patrolling the borders
  • 71. Which organization was founded in 1941 to provide morale to military personnel?
A) USO
B) Red Cross
C) Civil Air Patrol
D) State Guard
  • 72. How many civilian agencies joined together to form the USO?
A) Eight
B) Ten
C) Four
D) Six
  • 73. What caused the enrollment in high schools and colleges to drop during the war?
A) Lack of teachers
B) Conversion of schools to barracks
C) Students took war jobs
D) Government bans on education
  • 74. What were families asked to save from cooking for soap making?
A) Fat drippings
B) Brass casings
C) Copper scraps
D) Used oil
  • 75. What was milkweed harvested for by children?
A) Lifejackets
B) Soap production
C) Rations
D) Artillery shells
  • 76. What were spotters trained to identify in coastal and border towns?
A) Paratroopers
B) Saboteurs
C) German U-boats
D) Enemy aircraft
  • 77. What was the Coast Guard Auxiliary's primary role?
A) Submarine warfare
B) Rescue operations
C) Border security
D) Air reconnaissance
  • 78. Which group of people took jobs in factories previously vacated by men?
A) Children
B) Women
C) Retired military personnel
D) State Guardsmen
  • 79. How did the local draft boards decide how to fill their quotas?
A) A national lottery system
B) Military commanders
C) Community leaders decided
D) Congressional mandates
  • 80. What was the level of draft resistance during this period?
A) Nonexistent
B) Moderate
C) Very little
D) Extremely high
  • 81. What was the state of the manpower pool in 1943 compared to 1940?
A) Unchanged
B) High surplus
C) Increased unemployment
D) Severe shortage
  • 82. Which group demanded and generally received occupational deferments?
A) Farmers
B) Bankers
C) Teachers
D) Journalists
  • 83. What historian noted the story of a banker assigned as a baker?
A) George Marshall
B) Lee Kennett
C) Dwight Eisenhower
D) Franklin Roosevelt
  • 84. Which religious group faced significant imprisonment for refusing all forms of service?
A) Quakers
B) Jehovah's Witnesses
C) Mennonites
D) Church of God
  • 85. Where did many young female pacifists volunteer during the war?
A) Military bases
B) Munitions factories
C) Mental hospitals
D) Naval shipyards
  • 86. What did conscientious objectors who served in the Civilian Public Service NOT receive?
A) Work assignments
B) Veterans benefits
C) Housing
D) Food
  • 87. What percentage of Quakers served in the military during World War II?
A) About 10%
B) About 5%
C) About 50%
D) About 90%
  • 88. Before World War II, what percentage of passenger travel was accounted for by private cars?
A) 50%
B) 85%
C) 95%
D) 14%
  • 89. Which group of people left the cotton fields to head for cities during the war?
A) European immigrants
B) African Americans
C) Japanese farmers
D) German refugees
  • 90. Which major city experienced a race riot in 1943?
A) Detroit
B) New York
C) Chicago
D) Washington D.C.
  • 91. The 1943 Zoot Suit Riots occurred in which city?
A) Los Angeles
B) San Diego
C) San Francisco
D) Seattle
  • 92. Which industry saw the greatest wartime gain in female employment?
A) Service
B) Manufacturing
C) Education
D) Agriculture
  • 93. What percentage did female employment increase in the manufacturing industry by 1944?
A) 50 percent
B) 100 percent
C) 140 percent
D) 200 percent
  • 94. What was the primary reason cited by women for entering the labor force, according to Hartmann?
A) Social status
B) Education
C) Career advancement
D) Financial reasoning
  • 95. Which plant was able to complete a B-24 Liberator bomber every twenty-two minutes?
A) Ford Detroit Main
B) Twin Cities Ordnance Plant
C) Willow Run
D) Sperry Corporation
  • 96. What term was used by the government to describe women who resisted finding work?
A) Deserters
B) Traitors
C) Refuseniks
D) Slackers
  • 97. What did the Sperry Corporation recruitment pamphlet compare operating a drill press to?
A) Squeezing orange juice
B) Preparing a meal
C) Sewing buttons
D) Knitting a sweater
  • 98. What rank did female civilian nurses automatically receive upon joining the Army or Navy Nurse Corps?
A) Sergeant
B) Private
C) Enlisted
D) Officer
  • 99. Which organization were teenaged girls encouraged to enlist in?
A) Civil Defense Unit
B) Red Cross
C) Cadet Nurse Corps
D) USO
  • 100. Which of these was NOT a community service role mentioned for women?
A) Red Cross
B) Nursing
C) Civil defense leader
D) USO
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