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Fieldstone - Quiz
Contributed by: Holland
  • 1. What primary activity by European settlers led to the abundance of fieldstone in New England?
A) Developing urban cities
B) Mining for minerals
C) Clearcutting forests
D) Building permanent roads
  • 2. When did large-scale clear-cutting begin in New England?
A) Mid 19th century
B) Early 17th century
C) Early 20th century
D) Late 18th century
  • 3. Why did frost-churned stones rise to the surface of New England soil?
A) Deeper freezing of cleared soils
B) Natural erosion from wind
C) Over-grazing by livestock
D) High levels of rainfall
  • 4. What was the primary initial reason stones were moved to the edges of fields?
A) They were littering the tilled land
B) To prevent soil flooding
C) To use them for house foundations
D) To create borders for property
  • 5. During which time period were most stone walls stacked in New England?
A) 1775 to 1825
B) 1725 to 1775
C) 1620 to 1670
D) 1875 to 1925
  • 6. How many kilometers of fieldstone walls were estimated in the 1871 agricultural census?
A) 240,000
B) 380,000
C) 40,000
D) 500,000
  • 7. How many days of human labor were estimated for the construction of New England stone walls?
A) 20 million
B) 10 million
C) 60 million
D) 40 million
  • 8. What happened to many New England areas after agricultural production moved westward?
A) They became industrial centers
B) They were converted to desert
C) They became paved suburban zones
D) They reforested
  • 9. What is the typical size limit for fieldstones found on the High Plains?
A) 6 feet in diameter
B) 4 feet in diameter
C) 2 feet in diameter
D) 1 foot in diameter
  • 10. How is the use of fieldstone as a building material on the High Plains described?
A) Failing to meet structural standards
B) Extensively popular
C) Prohibited by law
D) Underused
  • 11. What characteristic of High Plains fieldstones makes them attractive for building?
A) They are perfectly square
B) They are pretty and colorful
C) They are fireproof
D) They are lightweight
  • 12. What event caused the need for more stone walls every spring?
A) Construction of new roads
B) New mining operations
C) Plowing fields after the winter freeze
D) Heavy floods moving rocks
  • 13. Where is fieldstone naturally found?
A) Deep within subterranean caves
B) Exclusively in river beds
C) At or near the Earth's surface
D) In man-made mining quarries
  • 14. What are collections of stones removed from arable land called?
A) Terminal moraines
B) Clearance cairns
C) Subsoil deposits
D) Glacial erratics
  • 15. What causes fieldstone to be common in temperate latitudes?
A) Ocean sediment accumulation
B) Tectonic plate shifts
C) Volcanic activity
D) Glacial deposition
  • 16. What are fieldstones left behind by glaciation called?
A) Lodgment till
B) Glacial erratics
C) Ablation layers
D) Terminal moraines
  • 17. What ice sheet was responsible for pulverizing bedrock in Canada and the northern United States?
A) New England Ice Sheet
B) Wisconsin Ice Sheet
C) Laurentide Ice Sheet
D) Upper Midwest Glacier
  • 18. What are the edges of the last glacial period called?
A) Glacial erratics
B) Terminal moraines
C) Clearance cairns
D) Ablation drifts
  • 19. How was fieldstone removed until the 19th century?
A) By steam-powered machinery
B) Exclusively by hand
C) Using hydraulic lifts
D) By animal-drawn plows
  • 20. What machine is used to remove fieldstones in mechanized agriculture?
A) Soil drill
B) Stone crusher
C) Rock picker
D) Earth harvester
  • 21. What is the primary function of a rock picker's graded scoop?
A) Tilling the soil for planting
B) Watering the crops
C) Picking surface rocks from the soil
D) Measuring soil acidity
  • 22. Where does fieldstone primarily come from for architectural use?
A) Deep underground mines
B) Topsoil or subsoil
C) Volcanic vents
D) Underwater dredging
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