- 1. Which aspect of the correctional system involves the confinement of offenders in prisons or jails for the purposes of custody, treatment, and rehabilitation?
A) Diversion Program
B) Community-Based Correction
C) Court Supervision
D) Probation and Parole
E) Institutional Correction
- 2. What is the agency under the Department of Justice (DOJ) responsible for the custody and rehabilitation of national offenders sentenced to more than three (3) years?
A) DOJ-PPA
B) Parole and Probation Administration
C) BJMP
D) BuCor
E) Provincial Jail Administrator's Office
- 3. Which agency, under the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), is responsible for the management of city, district, and municipal jails?
A) BuCor
B) Bureau of Immigration
C) Provincial Jail Administration
D) Philippine National Police (PNP)
E) BJMP
- 4. What is the supervising agency for the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)?
A) DILG
B) Supreme Court
C) Office of the President
D) DOJ
E) National Police Commission
- 5. Which department is the supervising agency for the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)?
A) Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD)
B) DILG
C) Department of Health (DOH)
D) DOJ
E) Department of National Defense (DND)
- 6. A convicted person sentenced to serve a prison term of three (3) years and one (1) day or more, falling under the jurisdiction of BuCor, is officially classified as a:
A) Provincial Prisoner
B) National Offender
C) Juvenile Delinquent
D) Local Detainee
E) City Inmate
- 7. Which facility, managed by the BJMP, is intended for detainees within large cities or clustered municipalities?
A) Municipal Jail
B) District Jail
C) Penal Colony
D) City Jail
E) Provincial Jail
- 8. What is the BJMP-managed facility for inmates sentenced with a penalty from one (1) day to three (3) years imprisonment, and detainees?
A) City Jail
B) District Jail
C) Municipal Lock-up
D) . Provincial Jail
E) National Penitentiary
- 9. What type of correctional facility is usually managed by the provincial government, confining offenders sentenced from six (6) months and one (1) day to three (3) years?
A) Provincial Jail
B) Municipal Jail
C) City Jail
D) Regional Penitentiary
E) District Jail
- 10. What is the title for the uniformed personnel of the BuCor or BJMP responsible for the custody, security, and rehabilitation of Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL)?
A) Police Officer
B) Corrections Officer
C) Security Personnel
D) Prison Administrator
E) Jail Guard
- 11. What is the title of the official in charge of a jail facility, often holding the rank of Chief Inspector or Superintendent in the BJMP?
A) Superintendent
B) Prison Director
C) Warden
D) Administrator
E) Chief of Security
- 12. What is the title of the officer in charge of a BuCor penal institution or colony?
A) Jail Administrator
B) Chief Inspector
C) Warden
D) Director-General
E) Superintendent
- 13. What is the term for the "inmate record or jacket" that contains the personal and criminal records of an inmate, including the commitment order and court decisions?
A) Affidavit
B) Indictment
C) Mittimus
D) Habeas Corpus
E) Carpeta
- 14. What is the term for the study of the punishment of crime and prison management?
A) Victimology
B) Criminology
C) Criminalistics
D) Sociology
E) Penal Science (Penology)
- 15. The systematic management of jails, prisons, and other institutions charged with the rehabilitation of criminals is known as:
A) Jail Operations
B) Criminological Research
C) Correctional Administration
D) Security Management
E) Penology
- 16. What is the official term in the Philippines referring to an inmate or prisoner—any person under custody in a jail or prison?
A) Convicted Felon
B) Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL)
C) Law Violator
D) Prisoner of War
E) Subject Person
- 17. A person confined in jail or prison while awaiting or undergoing trial or pending the review of their case, and is not yet convicted, is known as a:
A) Re-entry Client
B) Parolee
C) Convict
D) Detainee
E) Probationer
- 18. A person who has been found guilty of a crime and is serving a final sentence of imprisonment is referred to as a:
A) Suspect
B) Respondent
C) Accused
D) Complainant
E) Convict
- 19. What is the generic term for a person committed to a correctional institution?
A) Adversary
B) Inmate
C) Client
D) Petitioner
E) Offender
- 20. A person under eighteen (18) years old who is alleged as, accused of, or adjudged as having committed an offense is specifically called a:
A) Delinquent Adult
B) Felon
C) Adult Offender
D) Youth Offender (CICL)
E) Petty Criminal
- 21. Which document is a written order from a court or competent authority that legally entrusts an inmate to a jail or prison for the purpose of safekeeping?
A) Detention Receipt
B) Mittimus
C) Warrant of Arrest
D) Commitment Order
E) Sentence Endorsement
- 22. What is the specific warrant issued by a court that directs the jail or prison to officially receive a convicted offender for the service of their sentence?
A) . Judgment of Sentence
B) Order of Conviction
C) Mittimus
D) Commitment Order
E) Safekeeping Mandate
- 23. What mandate of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP) or Bureau of Corrections (BuCor) focuses on ensuring the secure and humane containment of Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs), primarily preventing escapes?
A) Public Security
B) Safekeeping
C) Reformation
D) Rehabilitation
E) Discipline Maintenance
- 24. Which mandate of the BJMP/BuCor aims to instill spiritual, moral, social, and psychological changes in a PDL to enable them to become law-abiding citizens?
A) Security
B) Reformation
C) Custody
D) Safekeeping
E) Institutional Training
- 25. A Person Deprived of Liberty (PDL) who is considered highly dangerous and requires a greater degree of security and supervision due to an escape risk or capability to launch violence is classified as a:
A) Maximum Security PDL
B) High-Risk Inmate
C) Recidivist
D) Heinous Crime Offender
E) Medium-Risk Inmate
- 26. This type of PDL cannot be trusted in the minimum security compound, but whose escape is considered unlikely, thereby requiring a moderate level of security and supervision:
A) Low-Security Inmate
B) Reformatory Inmate
C) High-Risk Inmate
D) Medium-Risk Inmate
E) Minimum-Risk Inmate
- 27. A PDL who may be reasonably trusted to serve their sentence under minimum security, and who is typically near the end of their sentence, is categorized as a:
A) Correctional Client
B) Minimum-Risk Inmate
C) Open-Compound Inmate
D) Trustworthy PDL
E) Medium-Risk Inmate
- 28. An offender who, after conviction by final judgment, commits a new felony before beginning to serve the former sentence, or while serving the same, is known as a:
A) Repeat Offender
B) Habitual Delinquent
C) Heinous Criminal
D) Persistent Criminal
E) Recidivist
- 29. What term describes crimes that are grievous, odious, and hateful, and are repugnant to the common standards of civilized society, often defined by laws like R.A. 7659?
A) Heinous Crime
B) Capital Offense
C) High-Impact Offense
D) Atrocious Felony
E) Moral Turpitude
- 30. What is the main national penitentiary of the Philippines, located in Muntinlupa City and under the jurisdiction of the Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)?
A) New Bilibid Prison (NBP)
B) Correctional Institution for Women
C) National Penitentiary Complex
D) San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm
E) Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm
- 31. Which section of a prison or jail is designated for PDLs serving long sentences or those with a history of escape or serious institutional offenses, requiring the highest level of physical measures?
A) High-Containment Facility
B) High-Risk Ward
C) High-Risk Ward
D) Disciplinary Compound
E) Maximum Security Compound
- 32. This prison section is for PDLs whose conduct and progress show that they are ready for a lesser degree of supervision than maximum security inmates, but still require structured confinement:
A) Transitional Compound
B) Minimum Security Compound
C) Medium Security Compound
D) Semi-Open Facility
E) General Population Compound
- 33. Which section of a prison or jail houses PDLs who can already be trusted to work outside the main compound and whose risk of escape is determined to be very low?
A) Penal Farm Annex
B) Trustee Compound
C) Minimum Security Compound
D) Open-Air Compound
E) Rehabilitation Center
- 34. What is a type of prison facility, often agricultural, where PDLs work and live in semi-open conditions, such as the Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm?
A) Work Camp
B) Reformation Center
C) Prison Farm
D) Semi-Open Penitentiary
E) Penal Colony
- 35. What disciplinary measure involves confining an inmate alone in a cell as a form of punishment for a serious rule infraction?
A) Segregation
B) Strict Custody
C) Quarantine
D) Bartolina
E) Isolation/Solitary Confinement
- 36. What is the Filipino term specifically used to refer to a solitary confinement cell?
A) Piitan
B) Selda
C) Kulungan
D) Detention Room
E) Bartolina
- 37. Any article, item, or thing prohibited by law and/or forbidden by jail/prison rules (categorized as either illegal or nuisance) is referred to as:
A) Contraband
B) Security Threat
C) Illicit Goods
D) Prohibited Item
E) Forbidden Material
- 38. What is the term for a device, such as handcuffs or leg irons, used by correctional staff to hold back, keep in, check, or control an inmate?
A) Custodial Appliance
B) Protective Gear
C) Coercive Device
D) Disciplinary Tool
E) Instrument of Restraint
- 39. The guarding and control of the PDL by BuCor or BJMP to ensure public safety and to prevent escape or unlawful acts is defined as:
A) Supervision
B) Safekeeping
C) Containment
D) Custody
E) Security
- 40. Which term refers to the physical measures and procedures utilized to prevent escapes and to maintain order and discipline within a correctional facility?
A) Safekeeping Protocol
B) Security
C) Institutional Control
D) Custody
E) Perimeter Management
- 41. Which term refers to the unlawful departure of a PDL from the physical confines of a correctional facility?
A) Jailbreak
B) Absconding
C) Parole Violation
D) Escape
E) Evasion
- 42. The escape from jail by more than two (2) inmates, usually by the use of force, threat, or violence, is specifically known as a:
A) Mass Insubordination
B) Riot
C) Jailbreak
D) Contraband violation
E) Mutiny
- 43. What is the process of physically counting the Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs) to ensure that none have escaped and that the official count matches the physical presence?
A) Roll Call
B) Head Count
C) Census
D) Muster
E) Inspection
- 44. A physical search of a person that involves the removal of their clothing to check for concealed contraband is called a:
A) Comprehensive Frisk
B) Contraband Sweep
C) Pat Down
D) Body Cavity Search
E) Strip Search
- 45. What is a comprehensive search of a prison cell or area, often done unannounced, to discover weapons or contraband?
A) Shakedown
B) Contraband Sweep
C) Inventory Check
D) Inspection
E) Cell Audit
- 46. Which term denotes the penalty imposed by the court upon a person convicted of a crime?
A) Sanction
B) Sentence
C) Punishment
D) Verdict
E) Judgment
- 47. A sentence where the court imposes a minimum and maximum period of imprisonment, allowing for potential parole after serving the minimum, is called a/an:
A) Fixed Term
B) Straight Sentence
C) Life Sentence
D) Indeterminate Sentence
E) Commuted Sentence
- 48. What is the term for a sentence where the court imposes a fixed, definite period of imprisonment without a minimum and maximum term?
A) Commuted Sentence
B) Straight Sentence
C) Capital Sentence
D) Indeterminate Sentence
E) Life Sentence
- 49. The penalty of imprisonment for a duration of 20 years and 1 day to 40 years, with accessory penalties, and is NOT a life sentence in the Philippine context is known as:
A) Prision Mayor
B) Reclusion Perpetua
C) Reclusion Temporal
D) Prision Correccional
E) Destierro
- 50. Which term refers to the death penalty, even though it has been abolished in the Philippines, but still represents the maximum penalty for heinous crimes?
A) Reclusion Perpetua
B) Extreme Penalty
C) Life Imprisonment
D) Capital Punishment
E) Straight Sentence
- 51. The time a PDL spends in custody while their case is ongoing or pending resolution, which may be credited to their sentence, is called the:
A) Sentence Incarceration
B) Probationary Phase
C) Pre-trial Confinement
D) Bail Duration
E) Detention Period
- 52. What is the deduction from the period of an inmate's prison sentence corresponding to the period during which he or she faithfully complies with the rules and regulations of the facility?
A) Executive Clemency
B) Good Conduct Time Allowance (GCTA)
C) Special Time Allowance for Loyalty (STAL)
D) Statutory Good Time
E) Mandatory Reduction Time (MRT)
- 53. What allows for a deduction of one-fifth (1/5) of the period of the sentence of any PDL who chooses to stay in the facility during a calamity or disorder instead of attempting to escape?
A) Commutation of Sentence
B) Penalty
C) Special Time Allowance for Loyalty (STAL)
D) Executive Clemency
E) Disaster Relief Credit
- 54. The suffering inflicted by the state for the transgression of a law is broadly defined as:
A) Punishment
B) Sentence
C) Fine
D) Penalty
E) Imprisonment
- 55. The date when the PDL has fully served the time imposed by the court, considering any deductions (GCTA, etc.), is known as the:
A) Maximum Sentence Date
B) Expiration of Sentence
C) Parole Eligibility Date
D) Release Date
E) Discharge Date
- 56. The process of restoring an offender to a useful life through vocational, educational, social, and spiritual programs is referred to as:
A) Correction
B) Rehabilitation
C) Penology
D) Treatment
E) Deterrence
- 57. Which treatment approach focuses on holistic and behavioral change, used extensively in BJMP and BuCor for rehabilitation?
A) Restorative Justice Program
B) Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
C) Psychoanalytic Approach
D) Transactional Analysis
E) Therapeutic Community (TC) Modality
- 58. What type of program provides vocational or skills training to PDLs to prepare them for employment and self-sufficiency upon release?
A) TC Modality
B) Livelihood Program
C) Moral and Spiritual Program
D) Educational Program
E) Work-Release Program
- 59. Activities offering literacy, elementary, high school, and even college-level education to PDLs are classified as a/an:
A) Socio-Cultural Activity
B) Educational Program
C) Skills Development
D) Vocational Training
E) Academic Workshop
- 60. Activities aimed at religious and spiritual growth, counseling, and values formation for PDLs are categorized as a/an:
A) Therapeutic Community
B) Livelihood Program
C) Educational Program
D) Moral and Spiritual Program
E) Social Welfare Program
- 61. A committee within the institution responsible for hearing cases of PDLs who have violated prison or jail rules and recommending appropriate disciplinary action is known as the:
A) Disciplinary Board
B) Parole and Release Committee
C) Classification Committee
D) Grievance Committee
E) Custodial Management Unit
- 62. The suffering inflicted on a person for an offense or violation is defined as:
A) Rehabilitation
B) Forfeiture
C) Censure
D) Punishment
E) Restitution
- 63. The use of physical force to discipline an inmate, which is strictly prohibited by international and local regulations, is specifically called:
A) Physical Restraint
B) Strict Discipline
C) Segregation
D) Solitary Confinement
E) Corporal Punishment
- 64. What is a formal complaint filed by a PDL regarding their treatment, conditions, or the actions of facility personnel?
A) Incident Report
B) Writ of Habeas Corpus
C) Grievance
D) Request for Inquiry
E) Appeal
- 65. The separation of a PDL from the general population, usually for disciplinary reasons or for their own protection, is referred to as:
A) Solitary Confinement
B) Quarantine
C) Segregation
D) Isolation
E) Transfer
- 66. What term describes the state of overcrowding in correctional facilities, which is a major challenge in Philippine jails and prisons?
A) Population Density
B) Inundation
C) Congestion
D) Saturation
E) Over-capacity
- 67. A term used for the joint BuCor/BJMP K-9 and search operations conducted to seize weapons, illegal drugs, and other contraband is:
A. S.W.A.T. Operations
A) Greyhounds
B) Oplan Galugad
C) S.W.A.T. Operations
D) Contraband Sweep
E) Custodial Inspection
- 68. A general term referring to jails and prisons where Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDLs) are held is:
A) Detention Center
B) Correctional Hospital
C) Custodial Facility
D) Reformatory Center
E) Half-Way House
- 69. Which specialized unit utilizes trained dogs for security, search, and detection of contraband and illegal substances?
A) Specialized Security Team
B) S.A.R. Team
C) Canine Corps
D) K-9 Unit
E) Patrol Division
- 70. The BuCor/BJMP program for visitation through online or social media platforms to maintain PDL family ties is known as:
A) Digital Familia
B) E-Dalaw
C) Remote Connect
D) Online Kumustahan
E) Virtual Visit
- 71. The designated time and process for allowing family, friends, and lawyers to visit the PDL is called:
A) Access Privilege
B) Interpersonal Relations Hour
C) Inmate Visitation
D) Family Day
E) PDL Socializing Time
- 72. The system of grouping PDLs for work, study, or sleeping arrangements is known as:
A) Cohorting
B) Cluster Formation
C) Group Dynamics
D) Sectioning
E) Brigading
- 73. A thorough external search of a clothed PDL or visitor for weapons or obvious contraband is a:
A) Random Inspection
B) Strip Search
C) Full Body Search
D) Frisking Procedure
E) Pat-down Search
- 74. A correctional facility where PDLs are released from a maximum security setting to prepare them for full reintegration into the community is a:
A) Community Service Center
B) Rehabilitation Center
C) Half-Way House
D) Residential Treatment Center
E) Minimum Security Camp
- 75. Groups within the facility formed by PDLs for mutual support, spiritual growth, or rehabilitation activities are examples of a:
A) Self-Help Organization
B) Inmate Council
C) Gang
D) Interest Group
E) PDL Cooperative
- 76. What is the main law in the Philippines that defines crimes and prescribes penalties, including imprisonment?
A) Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act
B) New Civil Code
C) Revised Penal Code (RPC)
D) Code of Ethics
E) Rules of Criminal Procedure
- 77. Which law is known as the BuCor Modernization Act, which strengthens the agency and professionalizes its personnel?
A) Republic Act 10575
B) Republic Act 7659
C) Republic Act 9346
D) Republic Act 9263
E) Republic Act 6975
- 78. The law creating the Department of the Interior and Local Government (DILG), which includes the establishment of the BJMP, is:
A) Republic Act 8551
B) Republic Act 6975
C) Republic Act 9263
D) Republic Act 10575
E) Republic Act 9708
- 79. International standards that guide the management and operations of correctional facilities globally, adopted by the Philippines, are officially known as the:
A) UN Guidelines for Correctional Management
B) Bangkok Rules
C) United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners (Nelson Mandela Rules)
D) Tokyo Rules
E) Geneva Conventions on Incarceration
- 80. What is the constitutional right of a PDL to fair legal proceedings, including disciplinary hearings, before being deprived of any right or privilege?
A) Presumption of Innocence
B) Right to Counsel
C) Due Process
D) Habeas Corpus
E) Equal Protection
- 81. What is the correctional process called that involves treating convicted offenders within the community, instead of confining them in a jail or prison, and includes programs like probation and parole?
A) Penology
B) Non-Institutional Correction
C) Diversion Program
D) Institutional Correction
E) Community Service Sentencing
- 82. What is the collective term for correctional activities, services, and supervision provided to offenders in the free community specifically to facilitate their rehabilitation and reintegration?
A) Community-Based Program
B) Jail Management System
C) Halfway House Confinement
D) Outpatient Correctional Services
E) Prison-to-Community Transition
- 83. Which government agency, under the Department of Justice (DOJ), is responsible for administering the Probation and Parole systems and supervising conditional pardonees in the Philippines?
A) Parole and Probation Administration (PPA)
B) Office of the President
C) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
D) Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP)
E) Bureau of Corrections (BuCor)
- 84. Which collegial body, created under Act No. 4103, determines the eligibility of inmates for release on Parole or Conditional Pardon and recommends Executive Clemency to the President?
A) National Bureau of Investigation (NBI)
B) Board of Pardons and Parole (BPP)
C) Juvenile Justice and Welfare Council (JJWC)
D) Department of Justice (DOJ)
E) Parole and Probation Administration (PPA)
- 85. Republic Act No. 4103, which mandates the court to impose a minimum and maximum term of imprisonment and makes the offender eligible for parole after serving the minimum term, is also known as what?
A) Executive Clemency Act
B) Probation Law
C) Indeterminate Sentence Law (ISL)
D) Juvenile Justice Act
E) Revised Penal Code
- 86. Presidential Decree (PD) No. 968, which established the Probation System for adult offenders in the Philippines, is officially known as the:
A) Probation Law
B) Restorative Justice Mandate
C) Correctional Rehabilitation Act
D) Conditional Pardon Act
E) Parole System Decree
- 87. What is the term for the power of the President of the Philippines to lighten or set aside the sentence of a convicted offender, which includes Absolute Pardon, Conditional Pardon, Commutation of Sentence, and Reprieve?
A) Writ of Habeas Corpus
B) Executive Clemency
C) Legislative Intervention
D) Amnesty Proclamation
E) Judicial Review
- 88. Which of the following is the primary goal of non-institutional correction, focusing on helping the offender transition back into society as a law-abiding, productive citizen?
A) Reintegration
B) Strict Deterrence
C) Retribution
D) Incapacitation
E) Solitary Confinement
- 89. What key metric, which community-based correction programs aim to reduce, refers to the act of a convicted offender committing another crime after having been released from supervision or confinement?
A) Rehabilitation Failure
B) Recidivism
C) Desistance
D) Crime Index
E) Habitual Delinquency
- 90. What philosophy and process focuses on repairing the harm caused by criminal behavior, primarily through victim-offender mediation and active community involvement?
A) Therapeutic Jurisprudence
B) Classical Criminology
C) Deterrence Theory
D) Restorative Justice
E) Positivist School
- 91. What client-centered treatment approach adopted by the PPA views the community (the PPA office, family, and neighborhood) as the main vehicle for an individual offender's change and rehabilitation?
A) Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
B) Therapeutic Community Modality (TCM)
C) Psychoanalytic Approach
D) Pharmacological Intervention
E) Moral Reconation Therapy (MRT)
- 92. What is the generic term used by the Parole and Probation Administration (PPA) to refer to any person currently under its supervision, such as a probationer, parolee, or conditional pardonee?
A) Client
B) Subject
C) Ward
D) Inmate
E) Beneficiary
- 93. What statutory sentence deduction is granted to an inmate for exemplary behavior while confined, potentially expediting their eligibility for parole or executive clemency?
A) Indeterminate Sentence Credit (ISC)
B) Community Service Credit (CSC)
C) Disciplinary Merit Credit (DMC)
D) Special Confinement Leave (SCL)
E) Good Conduct Time Allowance (GCTA)
- 94. What is the court disposition for a minor/youth offender or first-time minor drug offender where the court imposes a sentence but its execution is postponed or held in abeyance, subject to specific conditions?
A) Judicial Review
B) Conditional Release
C) Plea Bargaining
D) Suspended Sentence
E) Deferred Prosecution
- 95. What is the term for the act of a client (probationer, parolee, or pardonee) deliberately failing to report to their supervising officer, thereby evading supervision?
A) Non-Compliance
B) Evasion of Service
C) Desertion
D) Absconding
E) Violation of Condition
- 96. Which disposition releases a convicted defendant, after sentence, subject to court conditions and supervision by a Probation Officer, as an alternative to imprisonment?
A) Clemency
B) Parole
C) Furlough
D) Probation
E) Conditional Release
- 97. A convicted defendant whose application for probation has been granted by the court and is now under supervision is called a:
A) Respondent
B) Petitioner
C) Parolee
D) Grantee
E) Probationer
- 98. What is the term for a convicted defendant who has filed an application or petition for probation?
A) Respondent
B) Probationer
C) Petitioner
D) Accused
E) Applicant
- 99. Which court document contains the terms and conditions under which a convicted person is officially granted probation?
A) Supervision Contract
B) Sentence Mittimus
C) Probation Order
D) Warrant of Arrest
E) Judgment of Conviction
- 100. Which term refers to the statutory limitations that bar an offender from applying for probation, such as being sentenced to more than six years or being previously convicted of an offense?
A) Statutory Immunity
B) Judicial Restriction
C) Mandatory Denial
D) Disqualification for Probation
E) Ineligibility Clause
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