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How to Identify and Classify Hackberries
Contributed by: Woolley
  • 1. What is the primary leaf arrangement of hackberry trees?
A) Opposite
B) Whorled
C) Basal
D) Alternate
  • 2. Hackberry leaves typically have what type of margin?
A) Entire
B) Serrated
C) Smooth
D) Lobed
  • 3. What is a distinctive feature of hackberry bark as it matures?
A) Smooth and grey
B) Warty ridges
C) Deeply furrowed
D) Peeling in sheets
  • 4. What type of fruit does a hackberry tree produce?
A) Pome
B) Acorn
C) Samara
D) Drupe
  • 5. What color are hackberry fruits typically?
A) Yellow
B) Green
C) White
D) Reddish-purple to dark purple
  • 6. Which of these habitats is hackberry MOST likely to be found in?
A) Boreal forests
B) High alpine forests
C) Sandy deserts
D) Bottomlands and riverbanks
  • 7. What is the genus name for hackberry?
A) Quercus
B) Acer
C) Celtis
D) Pinus
  • 8. The common hackberry is scientifically known as?
A) Celtis australis
B) Acer negundo
C) Celtis occidentalis
D) Celtis laevigata
  • 9. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of hackberry twigs?
A) Zigzag pattern
B) Thorns
C) Small buds
D) Lenticels
  • 10. What is the texture of a hackberry fruit?
A) Fibrous
B) Dry and mealy
C) Spongy
D) Juicy and fleshy
  • 11. How many seeds are typically found inside a hackberry fruit?
A) Many
B) Three
C) Two
D) One
  • 12. Which bird is known to frequently consume hackberry fruits?
A) Penguin
B) Bald Eagle
C) Cedar Waxwing
D) Great Horned Owl
  • 13. What is the typical height of a mature hackberry tree?
A) 30-70 feet
B) 2-3 feet
C) 5-10 feet
D) 100-150 feet
  • 14. Compared to sugarberry (Celtis laevigata), common hackberry (Celtis occidentalis) generally has leaves that are:
A) Smoother in texture
B) More glossy
C) Rougher in texture
D) More lance-shaped
  • 15. What is the significance of the 'nipple gall' found on hackberry leaves?
A) Symbiotic relationship with bacteria
B) Insect infestation
C) Natural leaf pigment
D) Fungal disease
  • 16. What is the wood of the hackberry tree used for?
A) Furniture and boxes
B) Fuel only
C) Musical instruments
D) Construction beams
  • 17. Which soil type is hackberry most tolerant of?
A) Alkaline soils
B) Acidic soils
C) Sandy soils
D) Waterlogged soils
  • 18. What is the general shape of a hackberry tree's crown?
A) Weeping
B) Pyramidal
C) Rounded or vase-shaped
D) Columnar
  • 19. Which of these is NOT a common pest or disease affecting hackberry?
A) Leaf spot
B) Witches' broom
C) Dutch Elm Disease
D) Hackberry nipple gall maker
  • 20. What is the light requirement for hackberry trees?
A) Full sun to partial shade
B) Full shade only
C) Deep shade only
D) Filtered light only
  • 21. Which of the following characteristics best distinguishes hackberry from elm?
A) Elm produces drupes
B) Hackberry has warty bark
C) Hackberry has toothed leaf margins
D) Elm has alternate leaf arrangement
  • 22. What is the ecological role of hackberry trees?
A) Provide food and shelter for wildlife
B) Prevent soil erosion
C) Act as a nitrogen fixer
D) Indicate presence of heavy metals in the soil
  • 23. What is the lifespan of a typical hackberry tree?
A) 5-10 years
B) 500+ years
C) 100-150 years
D) 20-30 years
  • 24. Why is hackberry often planted in urban environments?
A) Highly susceptible to diseases
B) Tolerance to pollution and poor soils
C) Requires fertile soil
D) Needs constant watering
  • 25. Which state is NOT considered part of the native range for Celtis occidentalis (common hackberry)?
A) Texas
B) Minnesota
C) Georgia
D) California
  • 26. What is the shape of a hackberry leaf base?
A) Asymmetrical
B) Symmetrical
C) Rounded
D) Cordate
  • 27. The 'sugarberry' (Celtis laevigata) gets its name because:
A) Its fruits are sweeter than common hackberry
B) It is a popular food source for sugar gliders
C) Its sap can be used to make syrup
D) It prefers soils high in sugar content
  • 28. How can you distinguish a hackberry seedling from other similar seedlings?
A) By its leaf venation and stem characteristics
B) By its root structure
C) Seedling identification is impossible
D) By its flower color
  • 29. Which factor MOST significantly contributes to the warty appearance of hackberry bark?
A) Fungal infections
B) Lenticels and corky outgrowths
C) Insect damage
D) Mineral deficiencies
  • 30. What is the primary method of hackberry seed dispersal?
A) Wind dispersal
B) Birds eating the fruits
C) Animal caching (burial)
D) Water dispersal
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