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Yellowstone Caldera - Quiz
Contributed by: Holloway
  • 1. When did the first volcanic cycle take place?
A) 2.50 to 2.20 million years ago
B) 2.15 to 1.95 million years ago
C) 2.08 to 1.80 million years ago
D) 1.45 to 1.30 million years ago
  • 2. What is the name of the only known precaldera rhyolitic unit from the first cycle?
A) Mesa Falls Tuff
B) Island Park Rhyolite
C) Huckleberry Ridge Tuff
D) Rhyolite of Snake River Butte
  • 3. What is the approximate age of the Junction Butte Basalt?
A) 2.16 million years
B) 2.08 million years
C) 1.95 million years
D) 1.30 million years
  • 4. What was the caldera-forming event of the first cycle?
A) Eruption of the Island Park Rhyolite
B) Eruption of the Mesa Falls Tuff
C) Eruption of the Blue Creek flow
D) Eruption of the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff
  • 5. How thick does the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff reach in the Red Mountains area?
A) Exceeds 1 km
B) Roughly 2.5 m
C) Approximately 150 m
D) About 430 m
  • 6. How many melt-dominant compositional clusters were identified in the fall deposits before widespread ignimbrite deposition?
A) Nine
B) Twelve
C) Two
D) Four
  • 7. What is the estimated ash-flow volume of the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff?
A) More than 2,450 km3
B) Approximately 1,000 km3
C) Less than 50 km3
D) About 280 km3
  • 8. What was the former name for the Huckleberry Ridge ash bed?
A) Pearlette type B
B) Mesa Falls tephra
C) Island Park ash
D) Pearlette type S
  • 9. What is the approximate age of the Blue Creek flow?
A) 1.30 million years
B) 1.9476 million years
C) 1.9811 million years
D) 2.07 million years
  • 10. How long was the period of apparent volcanic quiescence after the first cycle?
A) 200 kyr
B) 100 kyr
C) 70 kyr
D) 500 kyr
  • 11. Which magmatic system produced the Tuff of Lyle Spring?
A) Sheridan Reservoir system
B) Mesa Falls magmatic system
C) Huckleberry Ridge system
D) Lyle Spring magmatic system
  • 12. What is the estimated volume of the Green Canyon Flow?
A) 1–2 km3
B) 10–20 km3
C) 5 km3
D) 23 km3
  • 13. What was the second-cycle caldera-forming eruption?
A) Huckleberry Ridge Tuff
B) Mesa Falls Tuff
C) Bishop Mountain Flow
D) Island Park Rhyolite
  • 14. What was the former name for the Mesa Falls ash bed?
A) Pearlette type S
B) Henry's Fork ash
C) Bishop Mountain tephra
D) Pearlette type B
  • 15. At what depth was the Mesa Falls magma stored?
A) 1–2 km
B) 20 km
C) 10–12 km
D) 5–8 km
  • 16. Which of the following is an Island Park Rhyolite dome?
A) Silver Lake
B) Red Mountains
C) Mount Everts
D) Big Bend Bridge
  • 17. How many domes constitute the Island Park Rhyolite?
A) Four
B) Nine
C) Two
D) Five
  • 18. What temperature range characterized the Mesa Falls magma storage?
A) 600–700 °C
B) 900–1000 °C
C) 750–800 °C
D) 1100–1200 °C
  • 19. What feature does the Green Canyon Flow predate?
A) Big Bend Ridge
B) Henry's Fork Caldera
C) Huckleberry Ridge Caldera
D) Red Mountains
  • 20. The Huckleberry Ridge Tuff is associated with which geomagnetic excursion?
A) Yellowstone excursion
B) Big Bend excursion
C) Huckleberry Ridge geomagnetic excursion
D) Mesa Falls excursion
  • 21. Which states does the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field span?
A) Montana, Washington, and Oregon
B) Wyoming, Idaho, and Montana
C) Idaho, Nevada, and Utah
D) Wyoming, Utah, and Colorado
  • 22. What is the approximate original area covered by the volcanic field?
A) 10,000 km2
B) 29,000 km2
C) 5,000 km2
D) 17,000 km2
  • 23. Which organization monitors the Yellowstone region?
A) Plateau Seismic Center
B) Yellowstone Volcano Observatory
C) Volcanic Research Institute
D) National Park Geological Service
  • 24. What does the Yellowstone Volcano Observatory currently say about an eruption?
A) It is predicted to happen next century
B) It is currently occurring
C) It is expected within a decade
D) It is not considered imminent
  • 25. Mount Washburn and Eagle Peak are remnants of which earlier volcanic group?
A) Lava Creek Group
B) Yellowstone Plateau
C) Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup
D) Teton Volcanic Complex
  • 26. What evidence suggests a deep-mantle origin for the Yellowstone hotspot?
A) Ground deformation patterns
B) Seismic tomography showing a broad thermal anomaly
C) Presence of basaltic flows
D) History of the Laramide orogeny
  • 27. Which method was used to identify more than 1,000 extensional fault scarps?
A) Lidar mapping
B) Satellite heat sensing
C) Deep crustal drilling
D) Hydrothermal flow analysis
  • 28. Which of the following is considered a segment of the first-cycle caldera complex?
A) Red Mountains
B) West Thumb
C) Mallard Lake
D) Elephant Back
  • 29. What is the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff in the Red Mountains interpreted as?
A) A thin layer of ash
B) A resurgent dome
C) A glacial deposit
D) Thick intracaldera fill
  • 30. Who reconstructed the Yellowstone Caldera as a compound structure with two overlapping collapse areas?
A) Robert L. Christiansen
B) Myers et al.
C) The Island Park commission
D) The Huckleberry Ridge team
  • 31. What was the Sour Creek high initially interpreted as?
A) A fault scarp
B) A resurgent dome
C) A lava flow
D) A glacial deposit
  • 32. What feature sits nested within the larger Yellowstone Caldera?
A) Big Bend basin
B) Island Park basin
C) Snake River basin
D) West Thumb basin
  • 33. What feature cuts through the Mallard Lake dome?
A) A northwest-trending axial graben
B) A volcanic crater
C) A north-south trending strike-slip fault
D) A circular caldera rim
  • 34. Which of these is a plateau formed by the Central Plateau Member of the Plateau Rhyolite?
A) Yellowstone Rim Plateau
B) Mallard Plateau
C) Madison Plateau
D) Grand Canyon Plateau
  • 35. What kind of rock forms the structure of Sheepeater Cliff?
A) Obsidian-rich rhyolite
B) Columnar-jointed basalt
C) Limestone
D) Volcanic tuff
  • 36. What caused the characteristic yellow, orange, and red colors in the Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone?
A) Volcanic ash fall accumulation
B) Hydrothermal alteration
C) Sediment deposition from glaciers
D) Iron oxidation from river water
  • 37. Into how many major volcanic cycles is the rhyolitic volcanism divided?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
  • 38. Which rhyolite unit was previously mapped as part of the Lava Creek Tuff before remapping at the Gibbon River?
A) Flat Mountain Rhyolite
B) Lewis Canyon Rhyolite
C) Mount Jackson Rhyolite
D) A black, glassy vitrophyre
  • 39. What unit separates Member A from Member B of the Lava Creek Tuff?
A) A layer of glacial till
B) A 3-meter thick rhyolite flow
C) A 20–30 cm loose crystal ash unit
D) A thick basaltic lava flow
  • 40. Where was the Lava Creek ash bed NOT identified?
A) Ventura, California
B) The Arctic Circle
C) Gulf of Mexico
D) Regina, Saskatchewan
  • 41. Which of these is an extracaldera member of the Plateau Rhyolite?
A) Mallard Lake Member
B) Central Plateau Member
C) Roaring Mountain Member
D) Upper Basin Member
  • 42. What is the name of the earliest extracaldera rhyolite?
A) South Biscuit Basin Flow
B) Dunraven Road Flow
C) North Biscuit Basin Flow
D) Riverside Flow
  • 43. What is the approximate thickness of the Tuff of Sulphur Creek?
A) 230 m
B) 5 km
C) 35 m
D) 13 km
  • 44. Which member does the Willow Park dome belong to?
A) Central Plateau Member
B) Obsidian Creek Member
C) Upper Basin Member
D) Mallard Lake Member
  • 45. What created the 5 km diameter crater at Mary Bay?
A) A supereruption
B) A massive lava flow
C) A steam explosion
D) The collapse of the caldera
  • 46. What is the most likely cause of earthquake swarms at Yellowstone according to the USGS?
A) Slips on pre-existing faults
B) Hydrothermal fluid pressure
C) Magma movement
D) Tidal forces
  • 47. Which institution conducted the 2017 study regarding the prevention of a volcanic eruption?
A) NASA
B) Yellowstone Volcano Observatory
C) Geological Society of America
D) University of Utah
  • 48. How quickly can the Yellowstone magma reservoir reach eruptive capacity according to Arizona State University?
A) Within just decades
B) Within several millennia
C) Within a few centuries
D) Instantly without warning
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