A) Wave–particle duality B) Bose–Einstein condensation C) Heisenberg uncertainty D) Quantum superposition
A) Newtonian gravity B) The photon's rest mass C) Classical trajectory mechanics D) Maxwell's wave equations
A) Non-relativistic mechanics is too complex B) Photons do not follow quantum rules C) Photons are intrinsically relativistic D) Photons have too much mass
A) Zero B) One atomic mass unit C) One electron mass D) An infinitesimal positive value
A) Kennard, Pauli, and Weyl B) Max Born C) Satyendra Nath Bose D) Albert Einstein
A) A coherent state B) A fermionic state C) A classical state D) A ground state
A) Phase is always constant B) The phase cannot be represented by a Hermitian operator C) The photon number is not quantized D) Phase and number are not conjugate variables
A) Quarks B) Bosons C) Leptons D) Fermions
A) The correspondence principle B) The spin-statistics theorem C) The uncertainty principle D) The law of conservation of energy
A) Measured the speed of gravity B) Transmitted light through a solid wall C) Slowed and stopped light D) Created a black hole
A) The system must be isolated from energy B) The temperature must be absolute zero C) Emission rate must equal absorption rate D) All photons must be absorbed instantly
A) Einstein coefficients B) Dirac operators C) Bose constants D) Planck variables
A) Albert Einstein B) Paul Dirac C) Max Born D) Satyendra Nath Bose
A) Stimulated emission B) Second quantization C) Hidden variables D) Bose–Einstein statistics
A) Spontaneous absorption B) Phase inversion C) Quantum entanglement D) Stimulated emission
A) René Descartes B) Christiaan Huygens C) Isaac Newton D) Robert Hooke
A) Thomas Young B) August Fresnel C) Heinrich Hertz D) James Clerk Maxwell
A) Its frequency B) Its wavelength C) Its speed D) Its intensity
A) Frequency B) Phase C) Intensity D) Polarization
A) h/ν B) h/λ C) λν D) hν
A) h/λ B) hλ C) λ/h D) hν
A) Black-body radiation B) Photoelectric effect C) BKS theory D) Compton scattering
A) Quantum field theory B) Matrix mechanics C) Maxwellian continuous electromagnetic field model D) Particle model
A) Matrix mechanics B) Standard Model C) General relativity D) Quantum electrodynamics
A) Photon-correlation experiments B) BKS theory verification C) Black-body radiation studies D) Chemical reaction thresholds
A) Kimble B) Clauser C) Grangier D) Aspect
A) Nineteenth century B) Twentieth century C) Seventeenth century D) Eighteenth century
A) Classical field theory B) Semiclassical model C) Quantum electrodynamics D) BKS theory
A) +h or −h B) +1/2 or −1/2 C) +ħ or −ħ D) 0 or 1
A) A continuous stream of photons B) Only one C) At least two D) Exactly three
A) Because photons have no mass B) To conserve momentum C) To increase the energy D) To preserve the charge
A) Radioactive decay B) Nuclear fission C) Pair production D) Atomic excitation
A) 1.07×10-27 eV/c2 B) Strictly massless C) 10-36 Da D) 10-14 eV/c2
A) Coulomb's law B) Boyle's law C) Newton's second law D) Hooke's law
A) 10-27 eV/c2 B) 10-36 eV/c2 C) 10-14 eV/c2 D) 10-10 eV/c2
A) 1.07×10-27 eV/c2 B) 10-14 eV/c2 C) 1.07×10-36 eV/c2 D) 3×10-27 eV/c2
A) The plasma would become massless B) A mass term would affect the plasma C) The magnetic field would cease to exist D) The plasma would disappear
A) Reduced Planck constant B) Speed of light C) Planck constant D) Wave vector
A) E = h / cλ B) E = hc / λ C) E = hλ / c D) E = λ / hc
A) p = k / ħ B) p = ħk C) p = h / k D) p = ħ / k
A) E = p / c B) E = pc C) E = p²c D) E = pc²
A) Ancient Greek B) Latin C) German D) Old English
A) Hadron B) Fermion C) Boson D) Lepton
A) Albert Einstein B) Isaac Newton C) Max Planck D) Gilbert N. Lewis
A) Thermal equilibrium B) Photoelectric effect C) Radioactive decay D) Superconductivity
A) Gravity B) Thermodynamics C) Friction D) Gauge symmetry
A) Yes B) Only at high temperatures C) No D) Only at low energies
A) No B) Yes C) Only in lasers D) Only in vacuums
A) Hydraulics B) Steam engines C) Lasers D) Combustion
A) Energy wave B) Fixed point C) How much D) Light particle
A) Gamma radiation B) Black-body radiation C) Retinal illumination D) Photoelectric effect
A) 1900 B) 1916 C) 1905 D) 1926
A) Photon B) Quanten C) Ein Lichtquant D) Gamma
A) Max Planck B) Arthur Compton C) Leonard T. Troland D) Gilbert N. Lewis
A) ε B) λ C) γ D) hν
A) Frequency constant B) The Greek alphabet order C) Gamma rays D) The name of a researcher
A) Albert Einstein B) Gilbert N. Lewis C) Ernest Rutherford D) Paul Villard
A) Peter Debye B) Albert Einstein C) Paul Dirac D) Werner Heisenberg
A) Virtual particle fluctuations B) Uncoupled simple harmonic oscillators C) Static electric charges D) Coupled electron-positron pairs
A) hν/n B) n/hν C) n²hν D) nhν
A) As a static constant B) As a small perturbation C) As a classical vacuum state D) As a geometric sum
A) Renormalization B) Gauge transformation C) Fourier decomposition D) Oscillator coupling
A) Classical electromagnetic waves B) Real heavy bosons C) Virtual electron-positron pairs D) Static atomic nuclei |