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Acropolis of Athens
Contributed by: Myers
  • 1. What does the word 'Acropolis' mean in ancient Greek?
A) Golden temple
B) Upper city
C) Central plaza
D) Fortified tower
  • 2. On which hill is the Acropolis of Athens located?
A) Acropolis Hill
B) Hill of the Olive Trees
C) Mars Hill
D) Pnyx Hill
  • 3. Who ordered the construction of the most important monuments on the Acropolis in the 5th century BC?
A) Cleisthenes
B) Socrates
C) Pericles
D) Herodotus
  • 4. What is the main function of the Propylaea in the Acropolis of Athens?
A) Temple dedicated to Athena
B) Monumental entrance to the Acropolis
C) Theater for dramatic performances
D) Portico for merchants
  • 5. What is the most famous temple on the Acropolis of Athens?
A) Temple of Zeus
B) Temple of Athena Nike
C) Erechtheion
D) Parthenon
  • 6. What giant bronze sculpture was located in the Acropolis of Athens and was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?
A) Statue of Zeus in Olympia
B) Frieze of the Panathenaic Games
C) Aphrodite of Cnidus
D) Colossus of Rhodes
  • 7. What was the predominant material used in the construction of the buildings on the Acropolis?
A) Brick
B) Marble
C) Concrete
D) Granite
  • 8. Which Greek goddess is the namesake of the city of Athens and protects the Acropolis?
A) Aphrodite
B) Athena
C) Hera
D) Artemis
  • 9. What is the meaning of the word 'Acropolis'?
A) 'Highest point, city'
B) 'Ancient fortress'
C) 'Sacred hill'
D) 'Temple complex'
  • 10. Which legendary figure was Cecropia named after?
A) Cecrops
B) Hercules
C) Theseus
D) Pericles
  • 11. What event caused significant damage to the Parthenon and other buildings in 1687?
A) A fire started by Athenians
B) An earthquake
C) The Venetian bombardment during the Morean War
D) A flood
  • 12. What was the primary material used for the Older Parthenon's construction before it was changed to marble?
A) Piraeus limestone
B) Marble
C) Sandstone
D) Granite
  • 13. What was the Hekatompedon also known as?
A) Ur-Parthenon
B) Erechtheion
C) Temple of Athena Nike
D) Older Parthenon
  • 14. What was the purpose of the well near the northeastern edge of the Acropolis?
A) Served as a sacrificial site
B) Used for religious ceremonies
C) Provided protected drinking water during sieges
D) Stored grain for the city
  • 15. What was the name of the nine-gate wall built around the Acropolis during the Archaic era?
A) Enneapylon
B) Propylaea
C) Erechtheion
D) Cyclopean Wall
  • 16. What happened to the Arkhaios Neōs during the Second Persian invasion?
A) It remained untouched
B) It was destroyed
C) It was converted into a palace
D) It was expanded
  • 17. What was buried ceremoniously on the Acropolis after the Persian invasion?
A) Scrolls and manuscripts
B) Weapons and armor
C) Gold and silver treasures
D) Statuary, cult objects, religious offerings, and unsalvageable architectural members
  • 18. What was the approximate height of the Acropolis hill above sea level?
A) 200 meters (656 feet)
B) 250 meters (820 feet)
C) 100 meters (328 feet)
D) 150 meters (490 feet)
  • 19. What was the name of the gate built by Peisistratos?
A) Propylaea
B) Cyclopean Gate
C) Enneapylon
D) Erechtheion
  • 20. What was the name of the largest water spring at the northwestern foot of the Acropolis?
A) Agora Spring
B) Erechtheion Well
C) Clepsydra
D) Pnyx Fountain
  • 21. What was the primary material used in the construction of the Cyclopean circuit wall?
A) Large stone blocks with earth mortar called emplekton
B) Brick and lime
C) Wood and clay
D) Marble and gold
  • 22. What was the approximate length of the Cyclopean circuit wall?
A) 1,000 meters (3,281 feet)
B) 760 meters (2,490 feet)
C) 500 meters (1,640 feet)
D) 900 meters (2,953 feet)
  • 23. What was the name given to the temple built between 570 and 550 BC?
A) Erechtheion
B) Older Parthenon
C) Temple of Athena Nike
D) Hekatompedon
  • 24. What was the name of the temple referred to as 'ancient temple' by the Pisistratids?
A) Older Parthenon
B) Erechtheion
C) Arkhaios Neōs
D) Temple of Athena Nike
  • 25. What happened to the Arkhaios Neōs during 406/405 BC?
A) It was expanded
B) It was burnt down
C) It remained untouched
D) It was converted into a palace
  • 26. What was the primary reason for revising the plan to use marble after the Battle of Marathon?
A) Victory allowed for more resources
B) A new architect was hired
C) Marble was found to be cheaper
D) Limestone became unavailable
  • 27. What happened to the Older Parthenon during the Persian invasion in 480 BC?
A) It was expanded
B) It remained untouched
C) It was converted into a palace
D) It was burned and looted
  • 28. What was the primary archaeological deposit excavated on the Acropolis by 1890?
A) Roman artifacts
B) Greek pottery
C) Persian debris
D) Mycenaean tools
  • 29. Which sculptor was responsible for overseeing the reconstruction of major temples on the Acropolis?
A) Praxiteles
B) Mys
C) Phidias
D) Polygnotus
  • 30. Who began building the Propylaea in 437 BC?
A) Phidias
B) Callicrates
C) Ictinus
D) Mnesicles
  • 31. Which artist decorated the northern wing of the Propylaea with paintings?
A) Mys
B) Praxiteles
C) Phidias
D) Polygnotus
  • 32. What type of columns lined the entrance to the Erechtheion?
A) Composite columns
B) Ionic columns
C) Doric columns
D) Corinthian columns
  • 33. Which unusual architectural feature does the Erechtheion have on its southwest porch?
A) Statues of gods
B) Doric columns
C) Caryatids
D) Paintings
  • 34. What did Athena hold in her left hand according to the statue of Athena Promachos?
A) A giant shield
B) An olive branch
C) A helmet
D) A spear
  • 35. Who decorated Athena's shield on the statue of Athena Promachos?
A) Phidias
B) Mys
C) Praxiteles
D) Polygnotus
  • 36. What was the goddess Artemis represented as in the Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia?
A) A bear
B) An owl
C) A swan
D) A lioness
  • 37. Who erected monuments in front of the NW corner of the Parthenon during the Hellenistic period?
A) Attalos II
B) Augustus
C) Herodes Atticus
D) Eumenes II
  • 38. Who built a grand amphitheater on the south slope of the Acropolis in 161 AD?
A) Eumenes II
B) Herodes Atticus
C) Augustus
D) The Herulians
  • 39. What was the Parthenon converted into during the Ottoman period?
A) A church dedicated to the Virgin Mary
B) A gunpowder magazine
C) An administrative center
D) A mosque
  • 40. What structure was built to protect the Klepsydra spring during the Greek War of Independence?
A) The Beulé Gate
B) The Frankopyrgos Tower
C) A sanctuary for Apollo
D) A bulwark named after Odysseas Androutsos
  • 41. During the Latin Duchy of Athens, what was the Parthenon used as?
A) The cathedral
B) An amphitheater
C) A gunpowder magazine
D) A mosque
  • 42. What was added to the Acropolis during the Latin Duchy of Athens and later demolished?
A) A minaret inside the Parthenon
B) The Frankopyrgos Tower
C) The Beulé Gate
D) An odeon
  • 43. Who was responsible for constructing a stoa on the south slope similar to that of Attalos in the agora?
A) The Herulians
B) Augustus
C) Eumenes II
D) Herodes Atticus
  • 44. What was the Erechtheum turned into during the Ottoman period?
A) A mosque with a minaret
B) A church dedicated to the Virgin Mary
C) An administrative center
D) The governor's private harem
  • 45. What was constructed during the 3rd century to restrict entrance in front of the Propylaea?
A) An amphitheater by Herodes Atticus
B) A sanctuary for Apollo
C) The Beulé Gate
D) A new tower named Frankopyrgos
  • 46. In what year was the Parthenon mosque demolished?
A) 1821
B) 1875
C) 1901
D) 1843
  • 47. Who was responsible for the restoration of the Acropolis in the 19th century?
A) Iktinos and Kallikrates
B) Phidias
C) Leo von Klenze
D) Wolf Seidl
  • 48. Where is the Acropolis Museum located in relation to the Parthenon?
A) Directly beneath the Parthenon
B) Inside the Parthenon
C) To the north of the Parthenon
D) On the southern slope, 280 metres away
  • 49. Which structure is east of the entrance and north of the Parthenon?
A) Propylaea
B) Odeon of Herodes Atticus
C) Erechtheum
D) Temple of Athena Nike
  • 50. What significant event did Greek Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou celebrate on the Acropolis in 1944?
A) Independence of Greece
B) End of World War I
C) Restoration of the Parthenon
D) Liberation from the Nazis
  • 51. When did the Acropolis Restoration Project begin?
A) 2000
B) 1985
C) 1975
D) 1950
  • 52. What is anastylosis in the context of the Acropolis restoration?
A) Removing all existing structures
B) Using entirely new materials for reconstruction
C) Restoring using reassembled original material
D) Covering old structures with modern designs
  • 53. Which festival rivaled the Olympic Games in popularity?
A) Delphic Games
B) Great Panathenaea
C) Olympic Festival
D) Pythian Games
  • 54. How many tons of architectural members were restored?
A) 1500 tons
B) 5000 tons
C) 2675 tons
D) 3000 tons
  • 55. What lithostratigraphic unit is softer and reddish in color?
A) Mount Pentelicus marble
B) Athens schist
C) Lykabettos rock
D) Acropolis limestone
  • 56. Approximately how many million years ago were the original sediments of Athens schist deposited?
A) 100 million years ago
B) 72 million years ago
C) 30 million years ago
D) 50 million years ago
  • 57. Which period does the Acropolis limestone date from?
A) Late Jurassic period
B) Triassic period
C) Paleozoic era
D) Late Cretaceous period
  • 58. How much older is the Acropolis limestone compared to the Athens schist?
A) About 72 million years
B) About 30 million years
C) About 10 million years
D) About 50 million years
  • 59. What natural threat is posed by the instability of the Acropolis limestone?
A) Rock slides
B) Floods
C) Earthquakes
D) Landslides
  • 60. Which measure has NOT been implemented to protect the Acropolis site?
A) Geothermal heating systems
B) Drainage systems
C) Retaining walls
D) Rock bolts
  • 61. Name one of the hills in Athens formed by erosion similar to that of the Acropolis.
A) Hymettus
B) Parnitha Mountain
C) Lykabettos
D) Mount Olympus
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