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Acropolis of Athens
Contributed by: Myers
  • 1. What does the word 'Acropolis' mean in ancient Greek?
A) Central plaza
B) Golden temple
C) Fortified tower
D) Upper city
  • 2. On which hill is the Acropolis of Athens located?
A) Acropolis Hill
B) Mars Hill
C) Hill of the Olive Trees
D) Pnyx Hill
  • 3. Who ordered the construction of the most important monuments on the Acropolis in the 5th century BC?
A) Socrates
B) Pericles
C) Cleisthenes
D) Herodotus
  • 4. What is the main function of the Propylaea in the Acropolis of Athens?
A) Temple dedicated to Athena
B) Theater for dramatic performances
C) Portico for merchants
D) Monumental entrance to the Acropolis
  • 5. What is the most famous temple on the Acropolis of Athens?
A) Temple of Athena Nike
B) Erechtheion
C) Parthenon
D) Temple of Zeus
  • 6. What giant bronze sculpture was located in the Acropolis of Athens and was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?
A) Colossus of Rhodes
B) Aphrodite of Cnidus
C) Frieze of the Panathenaic Games
D) Statue of Zeus in Olympia
  • 7. What was the predominant material used in the construction of the buildings on the Acropolis?
A) Brick
B) Concrete
C) Granite
D) Marble
  • 8. Which Greek goddess is the namesake of the city of Athens and protects the Acropolis?
A) Hera
B) Aphrodite
C) Artemis
D) Athena
  • 9. What is the meaning of the word 'Acropolis'?
A) 'Temple complex'
B) 'Sacred hill'
C) 'Highest point, city'
D) 'Ancient fortress'
  • 10. Which legendary figure was Cecropia named after?
A) Hercules
B) Pericles
C) Cecrops
D) Theseus
  • 11. What event caused significant damage to the Parthenon and other buildings in 1687?
A) The Venetian bombardment during the Morean War
B) A flood
C) A fire started by Athenians
D) An earthquake
  • 12. What was the primary material used for the Older Parthenon's construction before it was changed to marble?
A) Sandstone
B) Marble
C) Granite
D) Piraeus limestone
  • 13. What was the Hekatompedon also known as?
A) Older Parthenon
B) Ur-Parthenon
C) Temple of Athena Nike
D) Erechtheion
  • 14. What was the purpose of the well near the northeastern edge of the Acropolis?
A) Used for religious ceremonies
B) Served as a sacrificial site
C) Provided protected drinking water during sieges
D) Stored grain for the city
  • 15. What was the name of the nine-gate wall built around the Acropolis during the Archaic era?
A) Cyclopean Wall
B) Propylaea
C) Erechtheion
D) Enneapylon
  • 16. What happened to the Arkhaios Neōs during the Second Persian invasion?
A) It remained untouched
B) It was converted into a palace
C) It was destroyed
D) It was expanded
  • 17. What was buried ceremoniously on the Acropolis after the Persian invasion?
A) Statuary, cult objects, religious offerings, and unsalvageable architectural members
B) Weapons and armor
C) Gold and silver treasures
D) Scrolls and manuscripts
  • 18. What was the approximate height of the Acropolis hill above sea level?
A) 150 meters (490 feet)
B) 250 meters (820 feet)
C) 200 meters (656 feet)
D) 100 meters (328 feet)
  • 19. What was the name of the gate built by Peisistratos?
A) Propylaea
B) Erechtheion
C) Enneapylon
D) Cyclopean Gate
  • 20. What was the name of the largest water spring at the northwestern foot of the Acropolis?
A) Agora Spring
B) Erechtheion Well
C) Clepsydra
D) Pnyx Fountain
  • 21. What was the primary material used in the construction of the Cyclopean circuit wall?
A) Marble and gold
B) Brick and lime
C) Wood and clay
D) Large stone blocks with earth mortar called emplekton
  • 22. What was the approximate length of the Cyclopean circuit wall?
A) 1,000 meters (3,281 feet)
B) 900 meters (2,953 feet)
C) 500 meters (1,640 feet)
D) 760 meters (2,490 feet)
  • 23. What was the name given to the temple built between 570 and 550 BC?
A) Temple of Athena Nike
B) Hekatompedon
C) Older Parthenon
D) Erechtheion
  • 24. What was the name of the temple referred to as 'ancient temple' by the Pisistratids?
A) Older Parthenon
B) Erechtheion
C) Temple of Athena Nike
D) Arkhaios Neōs
  • 25. What happened to the Arkhaios Neōs during 406/405 BC?
A) It remained untouched
B) It was expanded
C) It was burnt down
D) It was converted into a palace
  • 26. What was the primary reason for revising the plan to use marble after the Battle of Marathon?
A) Victory allowed for more resources
B) Limestone became unavailable
C) Marble was found to be cheaper
D) A new architect was hired
  • 27. What happened to the Older Parthenon during the Persian invasion in 480 BC?
A) It was expanded
B) It was burned and looted
C) It was converted into a palace
D) It remained untouched
  • 28. What was the primary archaeological deposit excavated on the Acropolis by 1890?
A) Persian debris
B) Mycenaean tools
C) Greek pottery
D) Roman artifacts
  • 29. Which sculptor was responsible for overseeing the reconstruction of major temples on the Acropolis?
A) Mys
B) Praxiteles
C) Phidias
D) Polygnotus
  • 30. Who began building the Propylaea in 437 BC?
A) Mnesicles
B) Ictinus
C) Phidias
D) Callicrates
  • 31. Which artist decorated the northern wing of the Propylaea with paintings?
A) Mys
B) Phidias
C) Praxiteles
D) Polygnotus
  • 32. What type of columns lined the entrance to the Erechtheion?
A) Corinthian columns
B) Doric columns
C) Composite columns
D) Ionic columns
  • 33. Which unusual architectural feature does the Erechtheion have on its southwest porch?
A) Caryatids
B) Statues of gods
C) Doric columns
D) Paintings
  • 34. What did Athena hold in her left hand according to the statue of Athena Promachos?
A) An olive branch
B) A giant shield
C) A helmet
D) A spear
  • 35. Who decorated Athena's shield on the statue of Athena Promachos?
A) Mys
B) Phidias
C) Praxiteles
D) Polygnotus
  • 36. What was the goddess Artemis represented as in the Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia?
A) A lioness
B) An owl
C) A bear
D) A swan
  • 37. Who erected monuments in front of the NW corner of the Parthenon during the Hellenistic period?
A) Attalos II
B) Herodes Atticus
C) Eumenes II
D) Augustus
  • 38. Who built a grand amphitheater on the south slope of the Acropolis in 161 AD?
A) Eumenes II
B) Herodes Atticus
C) The Herulians
D) Augustus
  • 39. What was the Parthenon converted into during the Ottoman period?
A) An administrative center
B) A mosque
C) A church dedicated to the Virgin Mary
D) A gunpowder magazine
  • 40. What structure was built to protect the Klepsydra spring during the Greek War of Independence?
A) A bulwark named after Odysseas Androutsos
B) The Frankopyrgos Tower
C) The Beulé Gate
D) A sanctuary for Apollo
  • 41. During the Latin Duchy of Athens, what was the Parthenon used as?
A) An amphitheater
B) The cathedral
C) A gunpowder magazine
D) A mosque
  • 42. What was added to the Acropolis during the Latin Duchy of Athens and later demolished?
A) The Beulé Gate
B) An odeon
C) A minaret inside the Parthenon
D) The Frankopyrgos Tower
  • 43. Who was responsible for constructing a stoa on the south slope similar to that of Attalos in the agora?
A) The Herulians
B) Eumenes II
C) Herodes Atticus
D) Augustus
  • 44. What was the Erechtheum turned into during the Ottoman period?
A) A mosque with a minaret
B) The governor's private harem
C) An administrative center
D) A church dedicated to the Virgin Mary
  • 45. What was constructed during the 3rd century to restrict entrance in front of the Propylaea?
A) A new tower named Frankopyrgos
B) The Beulé Gate
C) A sanctuary for Apollo
D) An amphitheater by Herodes Atticus
  • 46. In what year was the Parthenon mosque demolished?
A) 1821
B) 1901
C) 1843
D) 1875
  • 47. Who was responsible for the restoration of the Acropolis in the 19th century?
A) Wolf Seidl
B) Phidias
C) Iktinos and Kallikrates
D) Leo von Klenze
  • 48. Where is the Acropolis Museum located in relation to the Parthenon?
A) On the southern slope, 280 metres away
B) Inside the Parthenon
C) Directly beneath the Parthenon
D) To the north of the Parthenon
  • 49. Which structure is east of the entrance and north of the Parthenon?
A) Erechtheum
B) Temple of Athena Nike
C) Odeon of Herodes Atticus
D) Propylaea
  • 50. What significant event did Greek Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou celebrate on the Acropolis in 1944?
A) Restoration of the Parthenon
B) Liberation from the Nazis
C) End of World War I
D) Independence of Greece
  • 51. When did the Acropolis Restoration Project begin?
A) 1985
B) 2000
C) 1975
D) 1950
  • 52. What is anastylosis in the context of the Acropolis restoration?
A) Removing all existing structures
B) Restoring using reassembled original material
C) Covering old structures with modern designs
D) Using entirely new materials for reconstruction
  • 53. Which festival rivaled the Olympic Games in popularity?
A) Great Panathenaea
B) Delphic Games
C) Olympic Festival
D) Pythian Games
  • 54. How many tons of architectural members were restored?
A) 2675 tons
B) 3000 tons
C) 5000 tons
D) 1500 tons
  • 55. What lithostratigraphic unit is softer and reddish in color?
A) Acropolis limestone
B) Athens schist
C) Lykabettos rock
D) Mount Pentelicus marble
  • 56. Approximately how many million years ago were the original sediments of Athens schist deposited?
A) 30 million years ago
B) 50 million years ago
C) 72 million years ago
D) 100 million years ago
  • 57. Which period does the Acropolis limestone date from?
A) Paleozoic era
B) Late Cretaceous period
C) Triassic period
D) Late Jurassic period
  • 58. How much older is the Acropolis limestone compared to the Athens schist?
A) About 10 million years
B) About 50 million years
C) About 72 million years
D) About 30 million years
  • 59. What natural threat is posed by the instability of the Acropolis limestone?
A) Earthquakes
B) Landslides
C) Rock slides
D) Floods
  • 60. Which measure has NOT been implemented to protect the Acropolis site?
A) Retaining walls
B) Drainage systems
C) Rock bolts
D) Geothermal heating systems
  • 61. Name one of the hills in Athens formed by erosion similar to that of the Acropolis.
A) Mount Olympus
B) Parnitha Mountain
C) Lykabettos
D) Hymettus
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