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Acropolis of Athens
Contributed by: Myers
  • 1. What does the word 'Acropolis' mean in ancient Greek?
A) Golden temple
B) Fortified tower
C) Upper city
D) Central plaza
  • 2. On which hill is the Acropolis of Athens located?
A) Acropolis Hill
B) Pnyx Hill
C) Mars Hill
D) Hill of the Olive Trees
  • 3. Who ordered the construction of the most important monuments on the Acropolis in the 5th century BC?
A) Pericles
B) Herodotus
C) Cleisthenes
D) Socrates
  • 4. What is the main function of the Propylaea in the Acropolis of Athens?
A) Portico for merchants
B) Temple dedicated to Athena
C) Monumental entrance to the Acropolis
D) Theater for dramatic performances
  • 5. What is the most famous temple on the Acropolis of Athens?
A) Temple of Zeus
B) Erechtheion
C) Parthenon
D) Temple of Athena Nike
  • 6. What giant bronze sculpture was located in the Acropolis of Athens and was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?
A) Frieze of the Panathenaic Games
B) Statue of Zeus in Olympia
C) Colossus of Rhodes
D) Aphrodite of Cnidus
  • 7. What was the predominant material used in the construction of the buildings on the Acropolis?
A) Marble
B) Concrete
C) Brick
D) Granite
  • 8. Which Greek goddess is the namesake of the city of Athens and protects the Acropolis?
A) Artemis
B) Hera
C) Athena
D) Aphrodite
  • 9. What is the meaning of the word 'Acropolis'?
A) 'Ancient fortress'
B) 'Highest point, city'
C) 'Sacred hill'
D) 'Temple complex'
  • 10. Which legendary figure was Cecropia named after?
A) Theseus
B) Cecrops
C) Pericles
D) Hercules
  • 11. What event caused significant damage to the Parthenon and other buildings in 1687?
A) A flood
B) An earthquake
C) The Venetian bombardment during the Morean War
D) A fire started by Athenians
  • 12. What was the primary material used for the Older Parthenon's construction before it was changed to marble?
A) Sandstone
B) Marble
C) Piraeus limestone
D) Granite
  • 13. What was the Hekatompedon also known as?
A) Ur-Parthenon
B) Temple of Athena Nike
C) Older Parthenon
D) Erechtheion
  • 14. What was the purpose of the well near the northeastern edge of the Acropolis?
A) Stored grain for the city
B) Provided protected drinking water during sieges
C) Served as a sacrificial site
D) Used for religious ceremonies
  • 15. What was the name of the nine-gate wall built around the Acropolis during the Archaic era?
A) Cyclopean Wall
B) Propylaea
C) Enneapylon
D) Erechtheion
  • 16. What happened to the Arkhaios Neōs during the Second Persian invasion?
A) It was converted into a palace
B) It was expanded
C) It was destroyed
D) It remained untouched
  • 17. What was buried ceremoniously on the Acropolis after the Persian invasion?
A) Statuary, cult objects, religious offerings, and unsalvageable architectural members
B) Scrolls and manuscripts
C) Gold and silver treasures
D) Weapons and armor
  • 18. What was the approximate height of the Acropolis hill above sea level?
A) 100 meters (328 feet)
B) 250 meters (820 feet)
C) 200 meters (656 feet)
D) 150 meters (490 feet)
  • 19. What was the name of the gate built by Peisistratos?
A) Erechtheion
B) Cyclopean Gate
C) Enneapylon
D) Propylaea
  • 20. What was the name of the largest water spring at the northwestern foot of the Acropolis?
A) Pnyx Fountain
B) Agora Spring
C) Erechtheion Well
D) Clepsydra
  • 21. What was the primary material used in the construction of the Cyclopean circuit wall?
A) Brick and lime
B) Marble and gold
C) Wood and clay
D) Large stone blocks with earth mortar called emplekton
  • 22. What was the approximate length of the Cyclopean circuit wall?
A) 500 meters (1,640 feet)
B) 760 meters (2,490 feet)
C) 900 meters (2,953 feet)
D) 1,000 meters (3,281 feet)
  • 23. What was the name given to the temple built between 570 and 550 BC?
A) Erechtheion
B) Older Parthenon
C) Temple of Athena Nike
D) Hekatompedon
  • 24. What was the name of the temple referred to as 'ancient temple' by the Pisistratids?
A) Erechtheion
B) Arkhaios Neōs
C) Temple of Athena Nike
D) Older Parthenon
  • 25. What happened to the Arkhaios Neōs during 406/405 BC?
A) It was converted into a palace
B) It was burnt down
C) It remained untouched
D) It was expanded
  • 26. What was the primary reason for revising the plan to use marble after the Battle of Marathon?
A) A new architect was hired
B) Limestone became unavailable
C) Victory allowed for more resources
D) Marble was found to be cheaper
  • 27. What happened to the Older Parthenon during the Persian invasion in 480 BC?
A) It remained untouched
B) It was expanded
C) It was burned and looted
D) It was converted into a palace
  • 28. What was the primary archaeological deposit excavated on the Acropolis by 1890?
A) Greek pottery
B) Mycenaean tools
C) Persian debris
D) Roman artifacts
  • 29. Which sculptor was responsible for overseeing the reconstruction of major temples on the Acropolis?
A) Polygnotus
B) Phidias
C) Mys
D) Praxiteles
  • 30. Who began building the Propylaea in 437 BC?
A) Ictinus
B) Mnesicles
C) Phidias
D) Callicrates
  • 31. Which artist decorated the northern wing of the Propylaea with paintings?
A) Praxiteles
B) Mys
C) Phidias
D) Polygnotus
  • 32. What type of columns lined the entrance to the Erechtheion?
A) Ionic columns
B) Corinthian columns
C) Doric columns
D) Composite columns
  • 33. Which unusual architectural feature does the Erechtheion have on its southwest porch?
A) Caryatids
B) Paintings
C) Doric columns
D) Statues of gods
  • 34. What did Athena hold in her left hand according to the statue of Athena Promachos?
A) An olive branch
B) A giant shield
C) A helmet
D) A spear
  • 35. Who decorated Athena's shield on the statue of Athena Promachos?
A) Phidias
B) Mys
C) Polygnotus
D) Praxiteles
  • 36. What was the goddess Artemis represented as in the Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia?
A) A bear
B) An owl
C) A swan
D) A lioness
  • 37. Who erected monuments in front of the NW corner of the Parthenon during the Hellenistic period?
A) Eumenes II
B) Augustus
C) Attalos II
D) Herodes Atticus
  • 38. Who built a grand amphitheater on the south slope of the Acropolis in 161 AD?
A) Eumenes II
B) The Herulians
C) Herodes Atticus
D) Augustus
  • 39. What was the Parthenon converted into during the Ottoman period?
A) A church dedicated to the Virgin Mary
B) A mosque
C) An administrative center
D) A gunpowder magazine
  • 40. What structure was built to protect the Klepsydra spring during the Greek War of Independence?
A) The Beulé Gate
B) A bulwark named after Odysseas Androutsos
C) The Frankopyrgos Tower
D) A sanctuary for Apollo
  • 41. During the Latin Duchy of Athens, what was the Parthenon used as?
A) A gunpowder magazine
B) An amphitheater
C) The cathedral
D) A mosque
  • 42. What was added to the Acropolis during the Latin Duchy of Athens and later demolished?
A) A minaret inside the Parthenon
B) The Frankopyrgos Tower
C) An odeon
D) The Beulé Gate
  • 43. Who was responsible for constructing a stoa on the south slope similar to that of Attalos in the agora?
A) Augustus
B) Eumenes II
C) The Herulians
D) Herodes Atticus
  • 44. What was the Erechtheum turned into during the Ottoman period?
A) The governor's private harem
B) A mosque with a minaret
C) A church dedicated to the Virgin Mary
D) An administrative center
  • 45. What was constructed during the 3rd century to restrict entrance in front of the Propylaea?
A) The Beulé Gate
B) A sanctuary for Apollo
C) An amphitheater by Herodes Atticus
D) A new tower named Frankopyrgos
  • 46. In what year was the Parthenon mosque demolished?
A) 1821
B) 1901
C) 1843
D) 1875
  • 47. Who was responsible for the restoration of the Acropolis in the 19th century?
A) Iktinos and Kallikrates
B) Phidias
C) Wolf Seidl
D) Leo von Klenze
  • 48. Where is the Acropolis Museum located in relation to the Parthenon?
A) Inside the Parthenon
B) Directly beneath the Parthenon
C) On the southern slope, 280 metres away
D) To the north of the Parthenon
  • 49. Which structure is east of the entrance and north of the Parthenon?
A) Erechtheum
B) Odeon of Herodes Atticus
C) Temple of Athena Nike
D) Propylaea
  • 50. What significant event did Greek Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou celebrate on the Acropolis in 1944?
A) Independence of Greece
B) End of World War I
C) Restoration of the Parthenon
D) Liberation from the Nazis
  • 51. When did the Acropolis Restoration Project begin?
A) 2000
B) 1985
C) 1975
D) 1950
  • 52. What is anastylosis in the context of the Acropolis restoration?
A) Restoring using reassembled original material
B) Removing all existing structures
C) Using entirely new materials for reconstruction
D) Covering old structures with modern designs
  • 53. Which festival rivaled the Olympic Games in popularity?
A) Olympic Festival
B) Pythian Games
C) Great Panathenaea
D) Delphic Games
  • 54. How many tons of architectural members were restored?
A) 1500 tons
B) 2675 tons
C) 3000 tons
D) 5000 tons
  • 55. What lithostratigraphic unit is softer and reddish in color?
A) Lykabettos rock
B) Acropolis limestone
C) Athens schist
D) Mount Pentelicus marble
  • 56. Approximately how many million years ago were the original sediments of Athens schist deposited?
A) 50 million years ago
B) 30 million years ago
C) 72 million years ago
D) 100 million years ago
  • 57. Which period does the Acropolis limestone date from?
A) Late Cretaceous period
B) Triassic period
C) Paleozoic era
D) Late Jurassic period
  • 58. How much older is the Acropolis limestone compared to the Athens schist?
A) About 30 million years
B) About 72 million years
C) About 10 million years
D) About 50 million years
  • 59. What natural threat is posed by the instability of the Acropolis limestone?
A) Landslides
B) Earthquakes
C) Floods
D) Rock slides
  • 60. Which measure has NOT been implemented to protect the Acropolis site?
A) Retaining walls
B) Geothermal heating systems
C) Rock bolts
D) Drainage systems
  • 61. Name one of the hills in Athens formed by erosion similar to that of the Acropolis.
A) Mount Olympus
B) Lykabettos
C) Hymettus
D) Parnitha Mountain
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