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Acropolis of Athens - Quiz
Contributed by: Myers
  • 1. What does the word 'Acropolis' mean in ancient Greek?
A) Central plaza
B) Fortified tower
C) Upper city
D) Golden temple
  • 2. On which hill is the Acropolis of Athens located?
A) Hill of the Olive Trees
B) Acropolis Hill
C) Pnyx Hill
D) Mars Hill
  • 3. Who ordered the construction of the most important monuments on the Acropolis in the 5th century BC?
A) Cleisthenes
B) Pericles
C) Herodotus
D) Socrates
  • 4. What is the main function of the Propylaea in the Acropolis of Athens?
A) Portico for merchants
B) Theater for dramatic performances
C) Temple dedicated to Athena
D) Monumental entrance to the Acropolis
  • 5. What is the most famous temple on the Acropolis of Athens?
A) Parthenon
B) Temple of Zeus
C) Temple of Athena Nike
D) Erechtheion
  • 6. What giant bronze sculpture was located in the Acropolis of Athens and was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World?
A) Colossus of Rhodes
B) Aphrodite of Cnidus
C) Statue of Zeus in Olympia
D) Frieze of the Panathenaic Games
  • 7. What was the predominant material used in the construction of the buildings on the Acropolis?
A) Concrete
B) Marble
C) Granite
D) Brick
  • 8. Which Greek goddess is the namesake of the city of Athens and protects the Acropolis?
A) Aphrodite
B) Athena
C) Hera
D) Artemis
  • 9. What is the meaning of the word 'Acropolis'?
A) 'Ancient fortress'
B) 'Highest point, city'
C) 'Sacred hill'
D) 'Temple complex'
  • 10. Which legendary figure was Cecropia named after?
A) Hercules
B) Pericles
C) Cecrops
D) Theseus
  • 11. What event caused significant damage to the Parthenon and other buildings in 1687?
A) The Venetian bombardment during the Morean War
B) A flood
C) A fire started by Athenians
D) An earthquake
  • 12. What was the primary material used for the Older Parthenon's construction before it was changed to marble?
A) Sandstone
B) Granite
C) Marble
D) Piraeus limestone
  • 13. What was the Hekatompedon also known as?
A) Temple of Athena Nike
B) Older Parthenon
C) Ur-Parthenon
D) Erechtheion
  • 14. What was the purpose of the well near the northeastern edge of the Acropolis?
A) Stored grain for the city
B) Used for religious ceremonies
C) Served as a sacrificial site
D) Provided protected drinking water during sieges
  • 15. What was the name of the nine-gate wall built around the Acropolis during the Archaic era?
A) Enneapylon
B) Propylaea
C) Erechtheion
D) Cyclopean Wall
  • 16. What happened to the Arkhaios Neōs during the Second Persian invasion?
A) It remained untouched
B) It was expanded
C) It was converted into a palace
D) It was destroyed
  • 17. What was buried ceremoniously on the Acropolis after the Persian invasion?
A) Scrolls and manuscripts
B) Statuary, cult objects, religious offerings, and unsalvageable architectural members
C) Gold and silver treasures
D) Weapons and armor
  • 18. What was the approximate height of the Acropolis hill above sea level?
A) 200 meters (656 feet)
B) 250 meters (820 feet)
C) 150 meters (490 feet)
D) 100 meters (328 feet)
  • 19. What was the name of the gate built by Peisistratos?
A) Propylaea
B) Cyclopean Gate
C) Erechtheion
D) Enneapylon
  • 20. What was the name of the largest water spring at the northwestern foot of the Acropolis?
A) Erechtheion Well
B) Clepsydra
C) Pnyx Fountain
D) Agora Spring
  • 21. What was the primary material used in the construction of the Cyclopean circuit wall?
A) Brick and lime
B) Wood and clay
C) Marble and gold
D) Large stone blocks with earth mortar called emplekton
  • 22. What was the approximate length of the Cyclopean circuit wall?
A) 500 meters (1,640 feet)
B) 760 meters (2,490 feet)
C) 1,000 meters (3,281 feet)
D) 900 meters (2,953 feet)
  • 23. What was the name given to the temple built between 570 and 550 BC?
A) Older Parthenon
B) Erechtheion
C) Hekatompedon
D) Temple of Athena Nike
  • 24. What was the name of the temple referred to as 'ancient temple' by the Pisistratids?
A) Erechtheion
B) Older Parthenon
C) Temple of Athena Nike
D) Arkhaios Neōs
  • 25. What happened to the Arkhaios Neōs during 406/405 BC?
A) It remained untouched
B) It was converted into a palace
C) It was burnt down
D) It was expanded
  • 26. What was the primary reason for revising the plan to use marble after the Battle of Marathon?
A) Victory allowed for more resources
B) Marble was found to be cheaper
C) Limestone became unavailable
D) A new architect was hired
  • 27. What happened to the Older Parthenon during the Persian invasion in 480 BC?
A) It was converted into a palace
B) It remained untouched
C) It was expanded
D) It was burned and looted
  • 28. What was the primary archaeological deposit excavated on the Acropolis by 1890?
A) Greek pottery
B) Persian debris
C) Roman artifacts
D) Mycenaean tools
  • 29. Which sculptor was responsible for overseeing the reconstruction of major temples on the Acropolis?
A) Phidias
B) Praxiteles
C) Polygnotus
D) Mys
  • 30. Who began building the Propylaea in 437 BC?
A) Phidias
B) Mnesicles
C) Callicrates
D) Ictinus
  • 31. Which artist decorated the northern wing of the Propylaea with paintings?
A) Mys
B) Praxiteles
C) Polygnotus
D) Phidias
  • 32. What type of columns lined the entrance to the Erechtheion?
A) Composite columns
B) Doric columns
C) Corinthian columns
D) Ionic columns
  • 33. Which unusual architectural feature does the Erechtheion have on its southwest porch?
A) Caryatids
B) Statues of gods
C) Paintings
D) Doric columns
  • 34. What did Athena hold in her left hand according to the statue of Athena Promachos?
A) An olive branch
B) A spear
C) A giant shield
D) A helmet
  • 35. Who decorated Athena's shield on the statue of Athena Promachos?
A) Phidias
B) Polygnotus
C) Praxiteles
D) Mys
  • 36. What was the goddess Artemis represented as in the Sanctuary of Artemis Brauronia?
A) An owl
B) A bear
C) A lioness
D) A swan
  • 37. Who erected monuments in front of the NW corner of the Parthenon during the Hellenistic period?
A) Herodes Atticus
B) Augustus
C) Eumenes II
D) Attalos II
  • 38. Who built a grand amphitheater on the south slope of the Acropolis in 161 AD?
A) The Herulians
B) Eumenes II
C) Augustus
D) Herodes Atticus
  • 39. What was the Parthenon converted into during the Ottoman period?
A) A mosque
B) An administrative center
C) A church dedicated to the Virgin Mary
D) A gunpowder magazine
  • 40. What structure was built to protect the Klepsydra spring during the Greek War of Independence?
A) The Beulé Gate
B) A bulwark named after Odysseas Androutsos
C) The Frankopyrgos Tower
D) A sanctuary for Apollo
  • 41. During the Latin Duchy of Athens, what was the Parthenon used as?
A) The cathedral
B) A gunpowder magazine
C) A mosque
D) An amphitheater
  • 42. What was added to the Acropolis during the Latin Duchy of Athens and later demolished?
A) The Frankopyrgos Tower
B) A minaret inside the Parthenon
C) An odeon
D) The Beulé Gate
  • 43. Who was responsible for constructing a stoa on the south slope similar to that of Attalos in the agora?
A) Eumenes II
B) The Herulians
C) Augustus
D) Herodes Atticus
  • 44. What was the Erechtheum turned into during the Ottoman period?
A) A church dedicated to the Virgin Mary
B) A mosque with a minaret
C) An administrative center
D) The governor's private harem
  • 45. What was constructed during the 3rd century to restrict entrance in front of the Propylaea?
A) An amphitheater by Herodes Atticus
B) A sanctuary for Apollo
C) A new tower named Frankopyrgos
D) The Beulé Gate
  • 46. In what year was the Parthenon mosque demolished?
A) 1875
B) 1901
C) 1821
D) 1843
  • 47. Who was responsible for the restoration of the Acropolis in the 19th century?
A) Wolf Seidl
B) Iktinos and Kallikrates
C) Leo von Klenze
D) Phidias
  • 48. Where is the Acropolis Museum located in relation to the Parthenon?
A) Directly beneath the Parthenon
B) Inside the Parthenon
C) On the southern slope, 280 metres away
D) To the north of the Parthenon
  • 49. Which structure is east of the entrance and north of the Parthenon?
A) Erechtheum
B) Odeon of Herodes Atticus
C) Propylaea
D) Temple of Athena Nike
  • 50. What significant event did Greek Prime Minister Georgios Papandreou celebrate on the Acropolis in 1944?
A) End of World War I
B) Liberation from the Nazis
C) Independence of Greece
D) Restoration of the Parthenon
  • 51. When did the Acropolis Restoration Project begin?
A) 1975
B) 1950
C) 1985
D) 2000
  • 52. What is anastylosis in the context of the Acropolis restoration?
A) Covering old structures with modern designs
B) Restoring using reassembled original material
C) Using entirely new materials for reconstruction
D) Removing all existing structures
  • 53. Which festival rivaled the Olympic Games in popularity?
A) Great Panathenaea
B) Delphic Games
C) Pythian Games
D) Olympic Festival
  • 54. How many tons of architectural members were restored?
A) 1500 tons
B) 2675 tons
C) 3000 tons
D) 5000 tons
  • 55. What lithostratigraphic unit is softer and reddish in color?
A) Lykabettos rock
B) Athens schist
C) Mount Pentelicus marble
D) Acropolis limestone
  • 56. Approximately how many million years ago were the original sediments of Athens schist deposited?
A) 100 million years ago
B) 30 million years ago
C) 72 million years ago
D) 50 million years ago
  • 57. Which period does the Acropolis limestone date from?
A) Paleozoic era
B) Late Cretaceous period
C) Late Jurassic period
D) Triassic period
  • 58. How much older is the Acropolis limestone compared to the Athens schist?
A) About 10 million years
B) About 72 million years
C) About 30 million years
D) About 50 million years
  • 59. What natural threat is posed by the instability of the Acropolis limestone?
A) Earthquakes
B) Landslides
C) Rock slides
D) Floods
  • 60. Which measure has NOT been implemented to protect the Acropolis site?
A) Drainage systems
B) Retaining walls
C) Geothermal heating systems
D) Rock bolts
  • 61. Name one of the hills in Athens formed by erosion similar to that of the Acropolis.
A) Hymettus
B) Parnitha Mountain
C) Mount Olympus
D) Lykabettos
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