- 1. When was the Third Punic War fought?
A) 218–201 BC
B) 149–146 BC
C) 264–241 BC
D) 151–148 BC
- 2. Where was the Third Punic War fought entirely?
A) Sicilian territory
B) Roman territory
C) Carthaginian territory
D) Numidian territory
- 3. Which treaty term prohibited Carthage from waging war without Rome's permission?
A) The treaty of Utica
B) The peace treaty at the end of the Second Punic War
C) The treaty of Oroscopa
D) The peace treaty of the First Punic War
- 4. Who was Rome's ally that repeatedly raided and seized Carthaginian territory?
A) Scipio Aemilianus
B) King Masinissa of Numidia
C) Hasdrubal
D) Hannibal
- 5. Who commanded the Carthaginian army sent against Masinissa in 149 BC?
A) Hannibal
B) Hasdrubal
C) Cato
D) Scipio Africanus
- 6. At which battle was the Carthaginian army defeated by Masinissa in 149 BC?
A) Battle of Zama
B) Battle of Carthage
C) Battle of Oroscopa
D) Battle of Utica
- 7. Where did a large Roman army land in North Africa in 149 BC?
A) Carthage
B) Utica
C) Oroscopa
D) Zama
- 8. What did the Carthaginians surrender to the Romans before the siege of Carthage?
A) Their royal family
B) Their entire treasury
C) Their overseas territories
D) All of their weapons
- 9. Which middle-ranking Roman officer distinguished himself several times during the 149 BC campaign?
A) Scipio Aemilianus
B) Scipio Nasica
C) Lucius Marcius Censorinus
D) Manius Manilius
- 10. In what year was Scipio appointed consul and commander in Africa?
A) 146 BC
B) 147 BC
C) 148 BC
D) 149 BC
- 11. What did Scipio start building to prevent supplies from getting into Carthage via blockade runners?
A) A deep trench
B) A wooden fortress
C) A massive brick wall
D) A large mole
- 12. What happened to the Carthaginian fleet after it sortied to the Romans' surprise?
A) It completely destroyed the Roman fleet
B) It surrendered without a fight
C) It mismanaged its withdrawal and lost many ships
D) It successfully broke the blockade
- 13. When did the Romans launch their final assault on Carthage?
A) Early 146 BC
B) Late 148 BC
C) 149 BC
D) Spring 147 BC
- 14. How many days did the final Roman assault and systematic destruction of Carthage take?
A) Fourteen days
B) One day
C) Three days
D) Over six days
- 15. How many prisoners were taken on the last day of the destruction of Carthage and sold into slavery?
A) 10,000
B) 200,000
C) 100,000
D) 50,000
- 16. What did the conquered Carthaginian territories become after the war?
A) A Greek colony
B) An independent republic
C) The Kingdom of Numidia
D) The Roman province of Africa
- 17. Who is the main historian source for most aspects of the Punic Wars?
A) Plutarch
B) Appian
C) Polybius
D) Livy
- 18. When was Polybius sent to Rome as a hostage?
A) 151 BC
B) 167 BC
C) 201 BC
D) 149 BC
- 19. What is Polybius best known for?
A) The Punic Wars Chronicle
B) A manual on military tactics
C) The Histories
D) Annals of Rome
- 20. Whose account of events after 167 BC survives only as a list of contents?
A) Dio Cassius
B) Appian
C) Livy
D) Polybius
- 21. Which modern historian states that Appian's account is 'the only complete and continuous account of this war'?
A) Masinissa
B) Scipio Africanus
C) Bernard Mineo
D) Cato
- 22. Which of the three Punic Wars is the one about which the least is reliably known?
A) The third
B) The second
C) The first
D) All are equally known
- 23. In the mid-2nd century BC, what was Rome's status in the Mediterranean region?
A) An ally of Carthage
B) A defeated nation
C) The dominant power
D) A minor city-state
- 24. How long did the First Punic War last?
A) 23 years
B) 3 years
C) 17 years
D) 50 years
- 25. How long did the Second Punic War last?
A) 50 years
B) 10 years
C) 17 years
D) 23 years
- 26. Who defeated Hannibal at the Battle of Zama?
A) Scipio Africanus
B) Lucius Marcius Censorinus
C) Scipio Aemilianus
D) Manius Manilius
- 27. How far south-west of Carthage was the Battle of Zama fought?
A) 16 kilometres (10 mi)
B) 160 kilometres (100 mi)
C) 55 kilometres (34 mi)
D) 300 kilometres (186 mi)
- 28. What was the silver indemnity imposed on Carthage after the Second Punic War to be paid over 50 years?
A) 1,000 silver talents
B) 20,000 silver talents
C) 5,000 silver talents
D) 10,000 silver talents
- 29. Who spoke strongly in favor of accepting the peace treaty after the Second Punic War?
A) Hannibal
B) Masinissa
C) Hasdrubal
D) Cato
- 30. What population controlled much of what is now Algeria and Tunisia after the Second Punic War?
A) Romans
B) Carthaginians
C) Numidians
D) Greeks
- 31. What sentence was passed on Hasdrubal by Carthage in an attempt to placate Rome after the defeat at Oroscopa?
A) Stripped of all wealth
B) Condemned to death
C) Exiled to Sicily
D) Imprisoned for life
- 32. In what year did Carthage pay off its indemnity?
A) 146 BC
B) 151 BC
C) 149 BC
D) 201 BC
- 33. Which senior Roman senator ended all of his speeches with Carthago delenda est?
A) Cato
B) Scipio Africanus
C) Scipio Nasica
D) Manius Manilius
- 34. What phrase did Cato use to end all of his speeches?
A) Carthago delenda est
B) Annuit coeptis
C) Civium Romanorum sum
D) Veni, vidi, vici
- 35. Who argued that fear of a strong enemy like Carthage would keep the Roman common people in check?
A) Scipio Nasica
B) Lucius Marcius Censorinus
C) Cato
D) Scipio Africanus
- 36. When was Cato likely part of an embassy to Carthage?
A) 201 BC
B) 153 BC
C) 167 BC
D) 149 BC
- 37. How far north of Carthage was the North African port city of Utica?
A) 16 km (10 mi)
B) 200 km (124 mi)
C) 160 km (100 mi)
D) 55 km (34 mi)
- 38. In what year did Utica go over to Rome?
A) 147 BC
B) 153 BC
C) 151 BC
D) 149 BC
- 39. What were the elected senior Roman magistrates who led armies in time of war called?
A) Consuls
B) Senators
C) Tribunes
D) Praetors
- 40. Who commanded the Roman army that landed at Utica in 149 BC?
A) Lucius Marcius Censorinus
B) Scipio Aemilianus
C) Manius Manilius
D) Scipio Nasica
- 41. Who commanded the Roman fleet that landed at Utica in 149 BC?
A) Cato
B) Lucius Marcius Censorinus
C) Manius Manilius
D) Scipio Aemilianus
- 42. How many sets of armour did surviving records state were sent from Carthage to Utica?
A) 200,000
B) 50,000
C) 10,000
D) 2,000
- 43. How many catapults were recorded as being sent from Carthage to Utica?
A) 50,000
B) 2,000
C) 200,000
D) 10,000
- 44. What happened to Carthage's warships after they sailed to Utica?
A) They were sailed back to Rome
B) They were given to Masinissa
C) They were sunk in the open sea
D) They were burnt in the harbour
- 45. After Carthage was disarmed, how far away from the sea did Censorinus demand the Carthaginians relocate?
A) 5 km (3 mi)
B) 16 km (10 mi)
C) 55 km (34 mi)
D) 160 km (100 mi)
- 46. How old was Masinissa when modern scholars suggest Rome may have wanted to forestall a wider war upon his death?
A) 89
B) 100
C) 70
D) 50
- 47. Which Greek historian's account from the 2nd century AD is used by modern historians?
A) Diodorus Siculus
B) Appian
C) Plutarch
D) Dio Cassius
- 48. What types of physical sources besides literary texts do modern historians use for the war?
A) Only ancient diaries and personal letters
B) Coins, inscriptions, archaeological evidence and empirical evidence from reconstructions
C) Statues and royal decrees from Egypt
D) Naval logs and trade manifests
- 49. How wide was the brick-built wall defending the main land approach of Carthage?
A) 35 metres
B) 5 metres
C) 20 metres
D) 9 metres
- 50. How high was the main brick-built wall defending Carthage?
A) 15–20 metres
B) 35–40 metres
C) 25–30 metres
D) 5–10 metres
- 51. What was the width of the ditch in front of the main wall of Carthage?
A) 35-metre-wide
B) 10-metre-wide
C) 5-metre-wide
D) 20-metre-wide
- 52. Where was the Carthaginian field army based, at least 20,000 strong?
A) Carthage
B) Rome
C) Nepheris
D) Utica
- 53. What did the Roman army initially attempt and fail to do upon moving to Carthage in 149 BC?
A) Poison the water supply
B) Burn the harbor gates
C) Scale the city walls
D) Bribe the city magistrates
- 54. Whose camp had the primary role of protecting the beached Roman ships?
A) Censorinus'
B) Manilius's
C) Hasdrubal's
D) Scipio's
- 55. What military position was Scipio Aemilianus holding when he served at Carthage?
A) Tribune
B) Legate
C) General
D) Consul
- 56. How did the Carthaginians inflict losses on the Roman fleet after Censorinus's camp was relocated to a less defensible site?
A) Fireships
B) Underwater barriers
C) Catapults
D) Ramming galleys
- 57. How did the Romans respond to the attacks by Carthaginian fireships on their fleet?
A) By poisoning the Carthaginian harbor
B) By negotiating a temporary truce
C) By building additional fortifications
D) By sailing back to Italy
- 58. Against whose camp did Manilius decide to strike, despite its strong position and fortifications?
A) The Carthaginians' main camp near Nepheris
B) The auxiliary camp outside the city walls
C) The Numidian mercenary camp
D) The Carthaginian naval base in the inner harbor
- 59. How many cavalrymen did Scipio lead in a series of limited and well-disciplined charges to help the retreating Roman infantry?
A) 1,000
B) 2,200
C) 300
D) 100
- 60. Which Carthaginian cavalry leaders did Scipio make contact with during the campaign?
A) Numidian cavalry leaders
B) Gallic cavalry leaders
C) Iberian cavalry leaders
D) Greek mercenary leaders
- 61. Which city surrendered and was subsequently sacked in 148 BC?
A) Nepheris
B) Hippo
C) Aspis
D) Neapolis
- 62. Which city withstood assaults from both the Roman army and navy in 148 BC?
A) Carthage
B) Neapolis
C) Aspis
D) Nepheris
- 63. Which pretender to the Macedonian throne allied with Carthage?
A) Lucius Piso
B) Andriscus
C) Hasdrubal
D) Diogenes
- 64. What post did Scipio intend to stand for in the 147 BC elections?
A) Aedile
B) Tribune
C) Praetor
D) Consul
- 65. What was the minimum age for a consul according to the Lex Villia?
A) 45
B) 36
C) 41
D) 37
- 66. How old was Scipio during the 147 BC elections?
A) 30 or 31
B) 45 or 46
C) 41 or 42
D) 36 or 37
- 67. Who commanded the Carthaginian field army camp at Nepheris?
A) Andriscus
B) Diogenes
C) Lucius Piso
D) Hasdrubal
- 68. How long was the town of Nepheris besieged before it surrendered?
A) Three weeks
B) One year
C) Ten days
D) Three months
- 69. What is the origin of the notion that Roman forces sowed Carthage with salt?
A) 19th-century invention
B) Account by Scipio
C) Greek historical record
D) Roman Senate decree
- 70. Who was despatched by the Senate to carry out further demolitions in Carthage?
A) Gaius Gracchus and his faction
B) Hasdrubal and his loyalists
C) A ten-man commission
D) A regiment of auxiliary soldiers
- 71. What was placed on anyone who might attempt to resettle the site of Carthage in the future?
A) A curse
B) A heavy tax
C) A mandatory military draft
D) A strict trade ban
- 72. As what type of public land was the former site of Carthage confiscated?
A) Imperium romanum
B) Latifundia
C) Ager publicus
D) Provincia africa
- 73. Which Punic city was destroyed because it stood by Carthage to the end?
A) Rome
B) Junonia
C) Utica
D) Bizerte
- 74. What do modern scholars call the surviving Punic culture, language, and religion?
A) Neo-Punic civilization
B) Carthaginian Renaissance
C) Neo-Roman culture
D) Late Punic Empire
- 75. Until which century did the Punic language continue to be spoken in North Africa?
A) 12th century AD
B) 7th century AD
C) 5th century AD
D) 1st century BC
- 76. Who led a reformist faction in Rome in 123 BC eager to redistribute land?
A) Gaius Gracchus
B) Augustus
C) Julius Caesar
D) Scipio
- 77. What was the name of the new settlement ordered to be established on the site of Carthage in 123 BC?
A) Africanus
B) Bizerte
C) Junonia
D) Utica
- 78. What animal was rumored to have dug up markers delimitating the new settlement of Junonia?
A) Wild dogs
B) Wolves
C) Jackals
D) Wild boars
- 79. Which Roman leader planned to rebuild Carthage as a Roman city a century after the war?
A) Augustus
B) Gaius Gracchus
C) Scipio Africanus
D) Julius Caesar
- 80. Who revived the concept of rebuilding Carthage and brought the plan to completion in 29 BC?
A) Julius Caesar
B) Augustus
C) Ugo Vetere
D) Gaius Gracchus
- 81. Who signed the symbolic peace treaty on 5 February 1985 representing Rome?
A) Ugo Vetere
B) Gaius Gracchus
C) Chedli Klibi
D) Scipio
- 82. Who signed the symbolic peace treaty on 5 February 1985 representing modern Carthage?
A) Augustus
B) Ugo Vetere
C) Hasdrubal
D) Chedli Klibi
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