- 1. The Bengal tiger is a population of which subspecies?
A) Panthera tigris tigris
B) Panthera onca onca
C) Panthera tigris sondaica
D) Panthera leo leo
- 2. Which of the following countries is NOT listed as part of the Bengal tiger's distribution?
A) Nepal
B) Pakistan
C) Bangladesh
D) Bhutan
- 3. Until what time period did the historical range of the Bengal tiger extend to the Indus Basin?
A) Late 18th century
B) Early 17th century
C) Late 20th century
D) Early 19th century
- 4. When is the Bengal tiger thought to have been present in the Indian subcontinent?
A) Early Holocene about 5,000 years ago
B) Late Pleistocene about 12,000 to 16,500 years ago
C) Pliocene about 5 million years ago
D) Middle Miocene about 2 million years ago
- 5. What are the main threats to the Bengal tiger?
A) Competition with lions and leopards
B) Climate change and volcanic eruptions
C) Poaching, habitat loss and habitat fragmentation
D) Introduction of invasive plant species
- 6. What was the estimated Bengal tiger population in India as of 2022?
A) 3,167–3,682 individuals
B) Around 125 individuals
C) 316–355 individuals
D) 131 individuals
- 7. Which countries recognize the Bengal tiger as their national animal?
A) India and Nepal
B) Nepal and Bhutan
C) Bhutan and Bangladesh
D) India and Bangladesh
- 8. Who used the scientific name Felis tigris for the tiger in 1758?
A) Reginald Innes Pocock
B) Charles Darwin
C) Alfred Russel Wallace
D) Carl Linnaeus
- 9. Who subordinated the tiger to the genus Panthera in 1929?
A) George Schaller
B) Ernst Mayr
C) Carl Linnaeus
D) Reginald Innes Pocock
- 10. What is considered the traditional type locality of the species and the nominate subspecies?
A) Bengal
B) Caspian
C) Sumatra
D) Siberia
- 11. In what year was the validity of several tiger subspecies in continental Asia questioned?
A) 2017
B) 1929
C) 1758
D) 1999
- 12. How many valid tiger subspecies were proposed to be recognized in the 1999 revision based on morphology and gene flow?
A) Six
B) Two
C) Four
D) Nine
- 13. Which subspecies name was proposed to represent all continental Asia tigers in 1999?
A) P. t. sondaica
B) P. t. tigris
C) P. t. altaica
D) P. t. balica
- 14. The northern clade of the nominate subspecies comprises which tiger populations?
A) South China and Indochinese
B) Javan and Bali
C) Siberian and Caspian
D) Bengal and Sumatran
- 15. In what year did the revision of felid taxonomy subsume all continental Asian tiger populations into P. t. tigris?
A) 1758
B) 2017
C) 1999
D) 1929
- 16. How many tiger samples were used in the genetic analysis that showed Bengal tiger samples grouped into a different clade than Siberian tigers?
A) 12
B) 32
C) 14
D) 42
- 17. By how many mitochondrial nucleotide sites is the Bengal tiger defined?
A) Three
B) Thirty-two
C) Twenty-one
D) Twelve
- 18. How many unique microsatellite alleles define the Bengal tiger?
A) 12
B) 3
C) 32
D) 29
- 19. Which country lacked tigers due to being separated from the Indian subcontinent by rising sea levels in the early Holocene?
A) Nepal
B) Bhutan
C) Bangladesh
D) Sri Lanka
- 20. What color is the Bengal tiger's coat?
A) Yellow to light orange
B) Dark brown to black
C) Pure white
D) Pale golden
- 21. What color are the stripes of a typical Bengal tiger?
A) White
B) Dark brown to black
C) Grey to silver
D) Red-brown
- 22. What color is the belly and interior parts of the Bengal tiger's limbs?
A) Light orange
B) Yellow
C) Black
D) White
- 23. What color is the Bengal tiger's tail?
A) Orange with black rings
B) Solid black
C) White with brown spots
D) Yellow with white tip
- 24. The white tiger is what kind of genetic occurrence?
A) A result of albinism
B) A recessive mutant
C) A dominant hybrid
D) A true albino specimen
- 25. In which Indian region was the white tiger especially reported?
A) Kumaon District
B) Mussoorie
C) The former State of Rewa
D) Chittagong
- 26. How many fully authenticated cases of a true albino tiger are known?
A) Two
B) One
C) Zero
D) Fourteen
- 27. How many stripes do the fourteen Bengal tiger skins in the Natural History Museum, London have?
A) 12–15
B) 5–10
C) 21–29
D) 30–40
- 28. What is the golden tiger characterized by?
A) Pale golden fur with red-brown stripes
B) Black fur with golden rings
C) Pure white fur with black stripes
D) Dark brown fur with yellow spots
- 29. What is the head-to-body length of male Bengal tigers in Panna Tiger Reserve?
A) 164–193 cm
B) 283–311 cm
C) 183–211 cm
D) 130–170 cm
- 30. What is the head-to-body length of female Bengal tigers in Panna Tiger Reserve?
A) 110–180 cm
B) 255–285 cm
C) 164–193 cm
D) 183–211 cm
- 31. What is the typical tail length range for Bengal tigers mentioned in the Panna Tiger Reserve data?
A) 50–70 cm
B) 120–140 cm
C) 85–110 cm
D) 33–43 cm
- 32. What is the typical shoulder height range for Bengal tigers?
A) 90–110 cm
B) 50–65 cm
C) 120–140 cm
D) 70–85 cm
- 33. How much do subadult male Bengal tigers weigh?
A) 200 and 260 kg
B) 130 and 170 kg
C) 80 and 100 kg
D) 110 and 180 kg
- 34. How much do adult male Bengal tigers generally weigh?
A) 130–170 kg
B) 80–100 kg
C) 200–260 kg
D) 110–180 kg
- 35. How much do subadult female Bengal tigers weigh?
A) 130–170 kg
B) 200–260 kg
C) 110–180 kg
D) 80–100 kg
- 36. How much do adult female Bengal tigers weigh?
A) 80 and 100 kg
B) 300 and 350 kg
C) 200 and 260 kg
D) 110 and 180 kg
- 37. What was the average weight of 42 adult male Bengal tigers in central India?
A) 132 kg
B) 76.7 kg
C) 190 kg
D) 235 kg
- 38. What was the average shoulder height of adult male Bengal tigers in central India?
A) 85 cm
B) 120 cm
C) 99 cm
D) 110 cm
- 39. What was the average weight of 39 adult female Bengal tigers in central India?
A) 190 kg
B) 132 kg
C) 76.7 kg
D) 140 kg
- 40. What was the maximum weight recorded for the adult female Bengal tigers in central India?
A) 156 kg
B) 132 kg
C) 200 kg
D) 180 kg
- 41. Adult male Bengal tigers in the Terai consistently attain more than what body weight?
A) 190 kg
B) 227 kg
C) 150 kg
D) 300 kg
- 42. What was the average weight of seven adult males captured in Chitwan National Park in the early 1970s?
A) 270 kg
B) 235 kg
C) 140 kg
D) 190 kg
- 43. What was the average weight of females captured in Chitwan National Park in the early 1970s?
A) 76.7 kg
B) 140 kg
C) 190 kg
D) 235 kg
- 44. Which national park housed two male tigers in the 1980s that exceeded weights of 270 kg?
A) Sundarbans
B) Panna Tiger Reserve
C) Chitwan National Park
D) Jim Corbett National Park
- 45. Where are the smallest recorded weights for Bengal tigers found?
A) Bangladesh Sundarbans
B) Central India
C) Nepal Terai
D) Assam
- 46. How much do adult female Bengal tigers weigh in the Bangladesh Sundarbans?
A) 75–80 kg
B) 110–180 kg
C) 130–170 kg
D) 200–260 kg
- 47. What was the mean weight of three tigresses from the Bangladesh Sundarbans?
A) 190 kg
B) 140 kg
C) 76.7 kg
D) 132 kg
- 48. What factor likely contributes to the small size of Bengal tigers in the Sundarbans?
A) Lack of water and extreme cold weather
B) Intense intraspecific competition and small size of prey
C) Excessive human interaction and poaching
D) Abundance of very large prey animals
- 49. What was the body length of the very large 'Leeds Tiger' at death?
A) 221 cm
B) 323 cm
C) 282 cm
D) 371 cm
- 50. Near which location was the 'Leeds Tiger' shot in 1860?
A) Mussoorie
B) Rewa
C) Chittagong
D) Nagina
- 51. What was the greatest length of a tiger skull measured 'over the bone'?
A) 41.3 cm
B) 35.1 cm
C) 29.3 cm
D) 50.0 cm
- 52. Near which location in northern India was the tiger with the greatest skull length shot?
A) Nagina
B) Mussoorie
C) Kumaon District
D) Oude
- 53. What was the estimated weight of the male tiger shot in central India in the beginning of the 20th century?
A) About 388.7 kg
B) About 190 kg
C) About 272 kg
D) About 132 kg
- 54. How much did the male tiger shot in Nepal weigh when measured 'over the curves'?
A) 388.7 kg
B) 320 kg
C) 235 kg
D) 272 kg
- 55. How much did the heaviest recorded wild Bengal tiger weigh after eating a buffalo calf?
A) 270 kg
B) 388.7 kg
C) 320 kg
D) 190 kg
- 56. In what year was the heaviest wild Bengal tiger killed in the foothills of the Himalayas?
A) 1980
B) 1860
C) 1967
D) 1758
- 57. What is the maximum greatest skull length of a male tiger?
A) 413 mm
B) 200 mm
C) 351 mm
D) 293 mm
- 58. What is the maximum greatest skull length of a female tiger?
A) 293 mm
B) 156 mm
C) 413 mm
D) 351 mm
- 59. How long are the canines of a Bengal tiger, which are the longest among all cats?
A) 10 to 15 cm
B) 2.0 to 4.0 cm
C) 7.5 to 10 cm
D) 3.0 to 5.0 cm
- 60. In what year was a sub-fossil right middle phalanx of a tiger found near Kuruwita in Sri Lanka?
A) 1982
B) 1975
C) 1906
D) 1990
- 61. When did tigers appear to have arrived in Sri Lanka?
A) During an interglacial period
B) During a severe drought
C) During the industrial era
D) During a pluvial period
- 62. How many samples from tigers across the global range were used in the phylogeographic study mentioned in the text?
A) 200
B) 150
C) 134
D) 100
- 63. The historical northeastern distribution limit of the Bengal tiger borders the historical range of which other tiger?
A) Siberian tiger
B) Indochinese tiger
C) Sumatran tiger
D) Caspian tiger
- 64. Which of the following forest types is inhabited by Bengal tigers in the Indian subcontinent?
A) Tropical moist evergreen forests
B) Tundra shrublands
C) Mediterranean sclerophyll forests
D) Boreal coniferous forests
- 65. What has the alluvial grassland habitat largely been converted into?
A) Industrial complexes
B) Agricultural land
C) Urban settlements
D) Mining sites
- 66. What was the last stronghold of the tiger in Pakistan by the late 19th century?
A) Lahore
B) Khairpur
C) Bahawalpur
D) Islamabad
- 67. In what year were the last individual tigers shot in Bahawalpur in the Indus Riverine jungles?
A) 1857
B) 1982
C) 1906
D) 1912
- 68. Where were the last individual tigers shot in Pakistan's Indus Riverine jungles in 1906?
A) Peshawar
B) Bahawalpur
C) Khairpur
D) Karachi
- 69. What method of Indian tiger censuses in the 20th century relied on individual identification of footprints?
A) Camera traps
B) Audio recordings
C) Satellite tracking
D) Pug marks
- 70. How many landscape complexes were surveyed across India during the 2008 census?
A) Four
B) Five
C) Seven
D) Six
- 71. In what year was a tiger recorded in Sahyadri Tiger Reserve for the first time in eight years?
A) 2019
B) 2016
C) 2014
D) 2018
- 72. Where was a tiger sighted in February 2019 that was later found dead?
A) Kanha National Park
B) Corbett Tiger Reserve
C) Lunavada area in Mahisagar district
D) Sundarbans National Park
- 73. What did officials assume was the likely cause of death of the tiger sighted in Gujarat's Lunavada area in 2019?
A) Starvation
B) Drowning
C) Poaching
D) Vehicle collision
- 74. In which state were tigers recorded by camera traps in Mhadei Wildlife Sanctuary in May 2019?
A) Gujarat
B) Kerala
C) Goa
D) Odisha
- 75. What type of forest is inhabited by the tigers in the Sundarbans?
A) Tropical evergreen forest
B) Deciduous forest
C) Mangrove forest
D) Temperate forest
- 76. Which forest in southeastern Gujarat is noted as potential tiger habitat?
A) The Dangs' Forest
B) Nilgiri Forest
C) Wayanad Forest
D) Gir Forest
- 77. What technology is now being used in many sites instead of pug marks for tiger censuses?
A) DNA hair snags
B) Radar tracking
C) Thermal imaging drones
D) Camera traps
- 78. What is the status of the tiger population in the Chittagong forest?
A) Thriving and growing
B) Extinct
C) Unknown status
D) Well-documented
- 79. How do tigers move between islands in the Sundarbans delta to hunt prey?
A) Using land bridges
B) Riding on floating logs
C) Swimming
D) Wading in shallow water
- 80. What is Bangladesh's Forest Department doing to raise mangrove plantations?
A) Preventing fishermen from entering
B) Providing shelter for tigers
C) Creating tourist walking paths
D) Supplying forage for spotted deer
- 81. Since what year has afforestation continued on a small scale in the Sundarbans?
A) 2017
B) 2001
C) 2004
D) 2007
- 82. What approximate carrying capacity of adult females is indicated by their small home ranges?
A) 1,000 adult females
B) 500 adult females
C) 50 adult females
D) 150 adult females
- 83. Which organization has carried out tiger monitoring surveys every year in the Bangladesh Sundarbans since 2007?
A) WildTeam
B) World Wildlife Fund
C) International Tiger Coalition
D) Bangladesh Forest Department
- 84. What technology was used to record female home ranges and indicate high tiger density?
A) Radio frequency identification tags
B) Camera traps
C) Global Positioning System collars
D) Satellite imagery
- 85. Which aspect of Sundarbans tiger ecology has most studies focused on?
A) Genetics and disease
B) Life history characteristics
C) Tiger-human conflict
D) Taxonomy and spatial dynamics
- 86. What climate change-related phenomenon is projected to cause severe habitat loss for tigers?
A) Increasing desertification
B) Frequent volcanic activity
C) A rising sea-level
D) Melting mountain glaciers
- 87. What percentage of suitable tiger habitat is projected to be lost by 2050 due to climate change?
A) 100%
B) Around 75%
C) Around 50%
D) Around 25%
- 88. By what year is 100% of suitable tiger habitat projected to be lost due to a rising sea-level?
A) 2030
B) 2050
C) 2100
D) 2070
- 89. Which reserve harbours the smallest tiger population in Nepal?
A) Parsa National Park
B) Shuklaphanta Wildlife Reserve
C) Bardiya National Park
D) Chitwan National Park
- 90. What was Nepal's tiger population estimated to be during the 2017-2018 survey?
A) 163–235 tigers
B) 103 tigers
C) 316–355 tigers
D) 220–274 tigers
- 91. In how many of Bhutan's 18 districts have tigers been documented?
A) 10 districts
B) 5 districts
C) 17 districts
D) All 18 districts
- 92. What was the survey area size when Bhutan's tiger population was estimated at 89 to 124 individuals by 2015?
A) 4,841 km2
B) 2,543 km2
C) 10,000 km2
D) 28,225 km2
- 93. How did the tiger likely reach northeastern Bhutan in 2017?
A) It swam across the Kulong River
B) It was relocated by conservationists
C) It probably used a wildlife corridor
D) It migrated from China
- 94. In which Chinese autonomous region was the presence of the Bengal tiger investigated in 1995?
A) Xinjiang Autonomous Region
B) Guangxi Autonomous Region
C) Tibet Autonomous Region
D) Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
- 95. How do adult tigers normally spend their lives?
A) Leading solitary lives, hunting individually
B) Living in large family packs
C) Forming lifelong monogamous pairs
D) Traveling in nomadic groups
- 96. How do the home ranges of adult male residents tend to be structured relative to each other?
A) Mutually exclusive
B) Completely overlapping
C) Randomly intersecting
D) Shared equally among all males
- 97. What areas within a female's home range tend to be more exclusive?
A) Core areas
B) Peripheral areas
C) Waterhole zones
D) Migratory corridors
- 98. What was the fate of five litters of cubs in the Chitwan study area?
A) They successfully dispersed at 19 months of age
B) They died from starvation due to lack of prey
C) They were killed by infanticide
D) They were adopted by new resident males
- 99. What is the primary dietary classification of the Bengal tiger?
A) Carnivore
B) Omnivore
C) Herbivore
D) Insectivore
- 100. Which of the following is considered a large ungulate preferred by the Bengal tiger?
A) Hare
B) Porcupine
C) Wild boar
D) Gaur
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