A) Police officers decide the guilt of suspects B) Law enforcement gathers evidence while the judiciary independently adjudicates the case C) Judges direct police officers on how to conduct every investigation D) Police officers impose judicial penalties
A) Judicial economy B) Community participation C) Integrity and fairness D) Separation of powers
A) Correctional treatment B) Fair administration of justice C) Rehabilitation D) Community policing
A) To supervise all correctional facilities B) To prosecute all suspects C) To independently determine cases according to law and evidence D) To investigate every reported crime
A) Retribution B) Judicial supremacy C) Presumption of innocence D) Police discretion
A) Criminal cases are decided by private individuals B) Criminal prosecution generally involves an offense against the State or public order C) Civil cases never involve courts D) Civil actions always result in imprisonment
A) Proportionality and respect for human rights B) Legislative supremacy C) Community sovereignty D) Judicial review
A) Equal protection only B) Double jeopardy C) Due process D) Judicial notice
A) Double jeopardy B) Procedural due process C) Equal protection D) Substantive due process
A) Substantive due process B) Double jeopardy C) Right to counsel D) Procedural due process
A) Double jeopardy B) Self-incrimination C) Equal protection D) Presumption of innocence
A) Exempting government officials from criminal prosecution B) Giving favored treatment to politically influential suspects C) Applying the law fairly to persons similarly situated D) Allowing police officers to choose which laws apply
A) Due process B) Equal protection C) Double jeopardy D) Police power
A) Conducting routine criminal investigation B) Determining legal controversies C) Interpreting laws D) Adjudicating criminal cases
A) Representing the State in criminal cases B) Imposing the final sentence on a convicted offender C) Evaluating evidence for prosecution D) Conducting preliminary investigation when authorized by law
A) Rehabilitation B) Determination of guilt C) Custody of offenders D) Reintegration
A) Adjudication B) Prosecution C) Rehabilitation D) Investigation
A) A prosecutor dismisses a complaint B) A person commits a crime for the first time C) A person reports a crime to the police D) A convicted offender returns to criminal behavior after previously being punished for an offense
A) It allows offenders to avoid accountability B) It guarantees that every offender will be acquitted C) It eliminates the need for courts D) It seeks to prepare offenders for lawful and productive reintegration into society
A) Investigation B) Prosecution C) Adjudication D) Reintegration
A) Conducting visible patrols in areas identified as vulnerable to criminal activity B) Supervising convicted offenders C) Presenting evidence during trial D) Arresting a suspect after a crime has been committed
A) Imposing a sentence B) Conducting rehabilitation programs C) Gathering and analyzing information to establish the facts and circumstances of an offense D) Determining the constitutionality of a statute
A) To exercise judicial authority B) To replace the prosecutor C) To determine the final sentence D) To establish facts relevant to the offense
A) The police must impose the appropriate punishment B) The judge must investigate the accused personally C) The prosecution must establish the accused's guilt beyond reasonable doubt D) The accused must always prove that he is innocent
A) Convict because arrest creates a presumption of guilt B) Order the police to impose punishment C) Acquit because guilt was not established beyond reasonable doubt D) Convict because the prosecutor believes the accused is guilty
A) It guarantees the guilt of the accused B) It is equivalent to proof beyond reasonable doubt C) It is a reasonable basis for believing that a crime has been committed and that the person involved may be responsible D) It is the standard necessary for every criminal conviction
A) Completion of the criminal trial B) A sufficient legal basis for the issuance of the warrant C) Automatic conviction D) Final guilt
A) Police discretion B) Due process and presumption of innocence C) Administrative convenience D) Community control
A) Legislative immunity B) Voluntariness and constitutional safeguards C) Double jeopardy D) Judicial supremacy
A) A police officer determines his own punishment B) A police officer refuses all external review C) An officer is investigated for an alleged violation of law or regulations D) An officer is automatically immune from liability because of official position
A) Judicial review B) Retribution C) Political neutrality only D) Integrity
A) A court renders a decision based on evidence B) A prosecutor evaluates evidence objectively C) An official accepts money in exchange for favorable treatment D) An officer follows established procedures
A) Transparent disciplinary proceedings B) Respect for constitutional rights C) Favoritism toward influential individuals D) Consistent enforcement of laws
A) Crime prevention B) Adjudication C) Sentencing D) Appellate review
A) It begins only after conviction B) It seeks to reduce the occurrence of crime before offenses happen C) It is exclusively performed by courts D) It applies only to convicted offenders
A) Judicial review B) Prosecutorial discretion C) Correctional custody D) Community participation in crime prevention
A) Police department B) Correctional institution C) Court D) Prosecutor's office
A) Judicial independence and due process B) Executive interference C) Community control D) Police supremacy
A) Community supremacy B) Executive control C) Police discretion D) Judicial independence
A) Police agencies may create criminal statutes B) One government branch performs all criminal justice functions C) Courts may exercise unlimited executive authority D) Criminal justice functions are distributed among constitutionally recognized branches and institutions
A) Police authority B) Absolute judicial power C) Correctional independence D) Separation of powers
A) Correctional B) Legislative C) Executive D) Judicial
A) Legislative B) Executive C) Judicial D) Community
A) Non of the above B) Judicial C) Executive D) Legislative
A) Executive privilege B) Police supremacy C) Administrative convenience D) Rule of law
A) Government officials may act according to personal judgment regardless of law B) All persons and institutions, including government authorities, are subject to the law C) Laws apply only to private citizens D) Police officers may override constitutional limitations
A) Due process and the rule of law B) Media opinion C) Public anger D) Immediate punishment
A) Applying the law fairly while protecting the rights of the accused and the interests of society B) Ignoring constitutional safeguards to obtain convictions C) Giving harsher punishment solely because of public demand D) Convicting every arrested person
A) Courts should follow the decisions of police investigators B) Community members should determine the guilt and punishment of offenders C) Law enforcement should control all other pillars D) Each pillar should perform its legally assigned function while coordinating with the others and respecting constitutional rights
A) Community participation B) Correctional rehabilitation C) Presumption of innocence D) Police efficiency
A) Allowing the media to determine guilt B) Punishing a suspect immediately after arrest C) Allowing police officers to impose penalties D) Giving the accused a fair opportunity to be heard according to established legal procedures
A) Ask the court to convict based on the police report alone B) Ignore the defect because the accused is probably guilty C) Observe ethical and legal duties and avoid relying on fabricated evidence D) Use the evidence because conviction is the objective
A) Allowing public opinion to determine prosecution B) Applying legal standards without regard to personal relationships C) Giving harsher treatment to unpopular individuals D) Giving preferential treatment to politically influential suspects
A) Police discretion B) Executive supremacy C) Judicial independence D) Community control
A) The performance of one pillar can affect the effectiveness of the others B) The judiciary controls all five pillars C) The community has authority over all government institutions D) Each pillar performs identical functions
A) Separation of the community B) Judicial supremacy C) Interdependence of the criminal justice pillars D) Correctional independence
A) Determine the final guilt of the suspect B) Impose the sentence C) Gather facts and evidence in accordance with law D) Decide whether the accused should be convicted
A) Personally determine the accused's guilt B) Impose imprisonment C) Represent the State and evaluate and present evidence according to law D) Serve as the correctional officer
A) Conduct routine police patrols B) Determine criminal liability through judicial proceedings C) Investigate every reported crime D) Conduct correctional counseling
A) It determines probable cause for warrants B) It focuses on custody, treatment, rehabilitation, and reintegration of offenders C) It focuses primarily on arrest and investigation D) It enacts criminal statutes
A) Rehabilitation B) Investigation C) Adjudication D) Retribution
A) Citizens determine guilt B) Citizens issue search warrants C) Citizens impose criminal sentences D) Citizens participate in programs designed to reduce conditions associated with crime
A) Adjudication B) Reintegration C) Investigation D) Prosecution
A) Punishment and rehabilitation can never coexist B) Rehabilitation means that offenders are automatically released C) Modern corrections may combine lawful punishment with efforts to reform and reintegrate offenders D) Rehabilitation completely eliminates accountability
A) Community B) Prosecution C) Corrections D) Judiciary
A) Philippine National Police B) Bureau of Corrections C) National Bureau of Investigation D) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
A) Supreme Court B) Bureau of Corrections C) Department of Justice D) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology
A) The person should automatically be treated as a convicted prisoner B) Detention before conviction does not by itself establish guilt C) The person has already been found guilty D) The person may be punished without trial
A) Right to travel and suffrage B) Right to be informed and right to counsel C) Right to property and education D) Freedom of religion and assembly
A) A police officer refuses to investigate B) A person refuses to provide compelled testimony that would incriminate him C) . A person refuses to obey a lawful court order unrelated to testimony D) A prosecutor refuses to file a case
A) Community adjudication B) Separation of functions among criminal justice agencies C) Supremacy of law enforcement D) Judicial delegation of police powers
A) Judicial independence B) Police discretion C) Impartial administration of justice D) Correctional rehabilitation
A) Double jeopardy B) Judicial review C) Presumption of innocence D) Police power
A) Police discretion B) Judicial independence C) Community supremacy D) Executive control
A) Probable cause concerns whether there is sufficient basis to proceed, while proof beyond reasonable doubt is required for conviction. B) Probable cause is sufficient for conviction, while proof beyond reasonable doubt is needed only for arrest. C) Proof beyond reasonable doubt is required before any investigation can begin. D) Both standards require exactly the same level of certainty.
A) Community participation B) Police power C) Presumption of innocence D) Judicial supremacy
A) Rehabilitation B) Integrity C) Reintegration D) All of the above
A) Refusing to disclose misconduct because of institutional reputation B) Using official position to avoid disciplinary proceedings C) Submitting to lawful investigation regarding an alleged abuse of authority D) Ignoring complaints against fellow officers
A) Rehabilitation B) Retribution C) Adjudication D) Investigation
A) Deterrence B) Reintegration C) Prosecution D) Adjudication
A) Prosecution B) Corrections C) Community D) Judiciary
A) Constitutional rights apply only after conviction. B) Police authority is unlimited during criminal investigations C) Crime control always prevails over individual rights. D) Law enforcement must operate within constitutional and legal limitations.
A) A police officer follows established legal procedures despite pressure from influential individuals. B) A government official ignores a law because of his position. C) A prosecutor gives preferential treatment to a political ally. D) A judge decides a case according to personal preference.
A) Judicial review B) Right against self-incrimination C) Equal protection D) Double jeopardy
A) Procedural due process B) Substantive due process C) Equal protection D) Double jeopardy
A) Substantive due process B) Right to counsel C) Double jeopardy D) Procedural due process
A) Double jeopardy B) Right to information C) Equal protection D) Freedom of assembly
A) Right to property B) Right to suffrage C) Right to counsel D) Right to travel
A) Protection against compelled self-incrimination and coercive interrogation B) Presumption of innocence and proof beyond reasonable doubt C) Coordination between law enforcement and prosecution D) Right to assembly
A) Judicial control over investigation B) A court determines whether governmental action is consistent with the Constitution C) Supremacy of police authority D) Coordination between law enforcement and prosecution
A) Police discretion B) Public opinion C) Presumption of innocence and proof beyond reasonable doubt D) Administrative efficiency
A) A correctional officer supervises an inmate B) Separation of powers and checks and balances C) A police officer examines physical evidence D) A court determines whether governmental action is consistent with the Constitution
A) Separation of powers and checks and balances B) Judicial absolutism C) Police supremacy D) Community sovereignty
A) Crime prevention B) Correctional treatment C) Prosecution D) Adjudication
A) The police perform all criminal justice functions. B) The actions of one pillar may affect the effectiveness of another pillar. C) The community independently determines guilt and punishment. D) The police properly investigate a case, the prosecutor evaluates it, the court adjudicates it, corrections handles the offender, and the community supports prevention and reintegration.
A) The judiciary controls all investigative decisions. B) The actions of one pillar may affect the effectiveness of another pillar. C) Each pillar operates completely independently. D) The community is responsible for preserving evidence.
A) Corrections should consider custody, accountability, rehabilitation, and eventual reintegration. B) Punishment should be the sole purpose of corrections. C) Corrections should determine whether the offender is guilty. D) Convicted offenders should automatically be released.
A) Community control B) Institutional disloyalty C) Judicial supremacy D) Integrity and adherence to the rule of law
A) Every person arrested is eventually convicted. B) Courts disregard procedural requirements to increase conviction rates. C) Criminal justice agencies coordinate their functions while respecting due process, constitutional rights, and the rule of law. D) Police officers determine guilt to expedite cases.
A) Corrections should consider custody, accountability, rehabilitation, and eventual reintegration. B) To protect society and maintain peace and order while ensuring justice, lawful procedures, protection of rights, and appropriate treatment of offenders C) Criminal justice agencies coordinate their functions while respecting due process, constitutional rights, and the rule of law. D) To maximize the number of convictions regardless of circumstances |