A) Police officers decide the guilt of suspects B) Law enforcement gathers evidence while the judiciary independently adjudicates the case C) Judges direct police officers on how to conduct every investigation D) Police officers impose judicial penalties
A) Separation of powers B) Judicial economy C) Integrity and fairness D) Community participation
A) Fair administration of justice B) Correctional treatment C) Community policing D) Rehabilitation
A) To supervise all correctional facilities B) To independently determine cases according to law and evidence C) To prosecute all suspects D) To investigate every reported crime
A) Police discretion B) Presumption of innocence C) Judicial supremacy D) Retribution
A) Civil actions always result in imprisonment B) Criminal prosecution generally involves an offense against the State or public order C) Criminal cases are decided by private individuals D) Civil cases never involve courts
A) Legislative supremacy B) Judicial review C) Proportionality and respect for human rights D) Community sovereignty
A) Due process B) Double jeopardy C) Equal protection only D) Judicial notice
A) Double jeopardy B) Equal protection C) Substantive due process D) Procedural due process
A) Double jeopardy B) Substantive due process C) Procedural due process D) Right to counsel
A) Double jeopardy B) Self-incrimination C) Equal protection D) Presumption of innocence
A) Allowing police officers to choose which laws apply B) Applying the law fairly to persons similarly situated C) Giving favored treatment to politically influential suspects D) Exempting government officials from criminal prosecution
A) Police power B) Double jeopardy C) Due process D) Equal protection
A) Interpreting laws B) Conducting routine criminal investigation C) Adjudicating criminal cases D) Determining legal controversies
A) Imposing the final sentence on a convicted offender B) Representing the State in criminal cases C) Conducting preliminary investigation when authorized by law D) Evaluating evidence for prosecution
A) Reintegration B) Determination of guilt C) Custody of offenders D) Rehabilitation
A) Prosecution B) Rehabilitation C) Adjudication D) Investigation
A) A person commits a crime for the first time B) A prosecutor dismisses a complaint C) A convicted offender returns to criminal behavior after previously being punished for an offense D) A person reports a crime to the police
A) It allows offenders to avoid accountability B) It eliminates the need for courts C) It seeks to prepare offenders for lawful and productive reintegration into society D) It guarantees that every offender will be acquitted
A) Reintegration B) Prosecution C) Adjudication D) Investigation
A) Conducting visible patrols in areas identified as vulnerable to criminal activity B) Presenting evidence during trial C) Supervising convicted offenders D) Arresting a suspect after a crime has been committed
A) Imposing a sentence B) Determining the constitutionality of a statute C) Gathering and analyzing information to establish the facts and circumstances of an offense D) Conducting rehabilitation programs
A) To replace the prosecutor B) To determine the final sentence C) To exercise judicial authority D) To establish facts relevant to the offense
A) The police must impose the appropriate punishment B) The accused must always prove that he is innocent C) The judge must investigate the accused personally D) The prosecution must establish the accused's guilt beyond reasonable doubt
A) Convict because the prosecutor believes the accused is guilty B) Acquit because guilt was not established beyond reasonable doubt C) Order the police to impose punishment D) Convict because arrest creates a presumption of guilt
A) It is the standard necessary for every criminal conviction B) It is equivalent to proof beyond reasonable doubt C) It is a reasonable basis for believing that a crime has been committed and that the person involved may be responsible D) It guarantees the guilt of the accused
A) Automatic conviction B) Final guilt C) A sufficient legal basis for the issuance of the warrant D) Completion of the criminal trial
A) Administrative convenience B) Due process and presumption of innocence C) Police discretion D) Community control
A) Voluntariness and constitutional safeguards B) Double jeopardy C) Legislative immunity D) Judicial supremacy
A) An officer is automatically immune from liability because of official position B) A police officer refuses all external review C) An officer is investigated for an alleged violation of law or regulations D) A police officer determines his own punishment
A) Political neutrality only B) Integrity C) Judicial review D) Retribution
A) A court renders a decision based on evidence B) An official accepts money in exchange for favorable treatment C) An officer follows established procedures D) A prosecutor evaluates evidence objectively
A) Favoritism toward influential individuals B) Respect for constitutional rights C) Transparent disciplinary proceedings D) Consistent enforcement of laws
A) Sentencing B) Appellate review C) Adjudication D) Crime prevention
A) It is exclusively performed by courts B) It begins only after conviction C) It seeks to reduce the occurrence of crime before offenses happen D) It applies only to convicted offenders
A) Prosecutorial discretion B) Judicial review C) Correctional custody D) Community participation in crime prevention
A) Correctional institution B) Court C) Police department D) Prosecutor's office
A) Judicial independence and due process B) Community control C) Police supremacy D) Executive interference
A) Executive control B) Police discretion C) Judicial independence D) Community supremacy
A) Courts may exercise unlimited executive authority B) Criminal justice functions are distributed among constitutionally recognized branches and institutions C) Police agencies may create criminal statutes D) One government branch performs all criminal justice functions
A) Absolute judicial power B) Separation of powers C) Correctional independence D) Police authority
A) Legislative B) Judicial C) Correctional D) Executive
A) Judicial B) Community C) Legislative D) Executive
A) Judicial B) Non of the above C) Executive D) Legislative
A) Administrative convenience B) Executive privilege C) Police supremacy D) Rule of law
A) Laws apply only to private citizens B) All persons and institutions, including government authorities, are subject to the law C) Police officers may override constitutional limitations D) Government officials may act according to personal judgment regardless of law
A) Public anger B) Media opinion C) Immediate punishment D) Due process and the rule of law
A) Giving harsher punishment solely because of public demand B) Ignoring constitutional safeguards to obtain convictions C) Convicting every arrested person D) Applying the law fairly while protecting the rights of the accused and the interests of society
A) Law enforcement should control all other pillars B) Community members should determine the guilt and punishment of offenders C) Courts should follow the decisions of police investigators D) Each pillar should perform its legally assigned function while coordinating with the others and respecting constitutional rights
A) Presumption of innocence B) Correctional rehabilitation C) Community participation D) Police efficiency
A) Allowing the media to determine guilt B) Allowing police officers to impose penalties C) Giving the accused a fair opportunity to be heard according to established legal procedures D) Punishing a suspect immediately after arrest
A) Use the evidence because conviction is the objective B) Observe ethical and legal duties and avoid relying on fabricated evidence C) Ask the court to convict based on the police report alone D) Ignore the defect because the accused is probably guilty
A) Giving harsher treatment to unpopular individuals B) Giving preferential treatment to politically influential suspects C) Allowing public opinion to determine prosecution D) Applying legal standards without regard to personal relationships
A) Community control B) Police discretion C) Judicial independence D) Executive supremacy
A) The performance of one pillar can affect the effectiveness of the others B) The community has authority over all government institutions C) The judiciary controls all five pillars D) Each pillar performs identical functions
A) Correctional independence B) Separation of the community C) Judicial supremacy D) Interdependence of the criminal justice pillars
A) Gather facts and evidence in accordance with law B) Decide whether the accused should be convicted C) Impose the sentence D) Determine the final guilt of the suspect
A) Personally determine the accused's guilt B) Impose imprisonment C) Serve as the correctional officer D) Represent the State and evaluate and present evidence according to law
A) Conduct correctional counseling B) Conduct routine police patrols C) Investigate every reported crime D) Determine criminal liability through judicial proceedings
A) It focuses primarily on arrest and investigation B) It enacts criminal statutes C) It determines probable cause for warrants D) It focuses on custody, treatment, rehabilitation, and reintegration of offenders
A) Rehabilitation B) Retribution C) Investigation D) Adjudication
A) Citizens determine guilt B) Citizens impose criminal sentences C) Citizens participate in programs designed to reduce conditions associated with crime D) Citizens issue search warrants
A) Reintegration B) Investigation C) Adjudication D) Prosecution
A) Punishment and rehabilitation can never coexist B) Rehabilitation means that offenders are automatically released C) Modern corrections may combine lawful punishment with efforts to reform and reintegrate offenders D) Rehabilitation completely eliminates accountability
A) Corrections B) Community C) Judiciary D) Prosecution
A) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology B) National Bureau of Investigation C) Bureau of Corrections D) Philippine National Police
A) Supreme Court B) Bureau of Jail Management and Penology C) Bureau of Corrections D) Department of Justice
A) The person may be punished without trial B) Detention before conviction does not by itself establish guilt C) The person has already been found guilty D) The person should automatically be treated as a convicted prisoner
A) Right to be informed and right to counsel B) Right to travel and suffrage C) Freedom of religion and assembly D) Right to property and education
A) A prosecutor refuses to file a case B) . A person refuses to obey a lawful court order unrelated to testimony C) A police officer refuses to investigate D) A person refuses to provide compelled testimony that would incriminate him
A) Community adjudication B) Supremacy of law enforcement C) Separation of functions among criminal justice agencies D) Judicial delegation of police powers
A) Judicial independence B) Correctional rehabilitation C) Impartial administration of justice D) Police discretion
A) Police power B) Judicial review C) Double jeopardy D) Presumption of innocence
A) Executive control B) Community supremacy C) Police discretion D) Judicial independence
A) Probable cause concerns whether there is sufficient basis to proceed, while proof beyond reasonable doubt is required for conviction. B) Both standards require exactly the same level of certainty. C) Probable cause is sufficient for conviction, while proof beyond reasonable doubt is needed only for arrest. D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt is required before any investigation can begin.
A) Police power B) Judicial supremacy C) Community participation D) Presumption of innocence
A) All of the above B) Integrity C) Reintegration D) Rehabilitation
A) Refusing to disclose misconduct because of institutional reputation B) Submitting to lawful investigation regarding an alleged abuse of authority C) Using official position to avoid disciplinary proceedings D) Ignoring complaints against fellow officers
A) Investigation B) Retribution C) Rehabilitation D) Adjudication
A) Adjudication B) Prosecution C) Reintegration D) Deterrence
A) Community B) Corrections C) Judiciary D) Prosecution
A) Police authority is unlimited during criminal investigations B) Law enforcement must operate within constitutional and legal limitations. C) Constitutional rights apply only after conviction. D) Crime control always prevails over individual rights.
A) A government official ignores a law because of his position. B) A prosecutor gives preferential treatment to a political ally. C) A police officer follows established legal procedures despite pressure from influential individuals. D) A judge decides a case according to personal preference.
A) Equal protection B) Judicial review C) Double jeopardy D) Right against self-incrimination
A) Substantive due process B) Equal protection C) Double jeopardy D) Procedural due process
A) Right to counsel B) Procedural due process C) Substantive due process D) Double jeopardy
A) Freedom of assembly B) Equal protection C) Right to information D) Double jeopardy
A) Right to suffrage B) Right to travel C) Right to counsel D) Right to property
A) Presumption of innocence and proof beyond reasonable doubt B) Protection against compelled self-incrimination and coercive interrogation C) Coordination between law enforcement and prosecution D) Right to assembly
A) Supremacy of police authority B) Coordination between law enforcement and prosecution C) Judicial control over investigation D) A court determines whether governmental action is consistent with the Constitution
A) Public opinion B) Presumption of innocence and proof beyond reasonable doubt C) Police discretion D) Administrative efficiency
A) A police officer examines physical evidence B) Separation of powers and checks and balances C) A court determines whether governmental action is consistent with the Constitution D) A correctional officer supervises an inmate
A) Separation of powers and checks and balances B) Police supremacy C) Judicial absolutism D) Community sovereignty
A) Correctional treatment B) Prosecution C) Crime prevention D) Adjudication
A) The police perform all criminal justice functions. B) The police properly investigate a case, the prosecutor evaluates it, the court adjudicates it, corrections handles the offender, and the community supports prevention and reintegration. C) The actions of one pillar may affect the effectiveness of another pillar. D) The community independently determines guilt and punishment.
A) Each pillar operates completely independently. B) The actions of one pillar may affect the effectiveness of another pillar. C) The judiciary controls all investigative decisions. D) The community is responsible for preserving evidence.
A) Convicted offenders should automatically be released. B) Corrections should consider custody, accountability, rehabilitation, and eventual reintegration. C) Punishment should be the sole purpose of corrections. D) Corrections should determine whether the offender is guilty.
A) Community control B) Institutional disloyalty C) Integrity and adherence to the rule of law D) Judicial supremacy
A) Every person arrested is eventually convicted. B) Criminal justice agencies coordinate their functions while respecting due process, constitutional rights, and the rule of law. C) Courts disregard procedural requirements to increase conviction rates. D) Police officers determine guilt to expedite cases.
A) Corrections should consider custody, accountability, rehabilitation, and eventual reintegration. B) To maximize the number of convictions regardless of circumstances C) To protect society and maintain peace and order while ensuring justice, lawful procedures, protection of rights, and appropriate treatment of offenders D) Criminal justice agencies coordinate their functions while respecting due process, constitutional rights, and the rule of law. |