A) Because they are easier to memorize. B) Because they have greater empirical content. C) Because they are more aesthetically pleasing. D) Because they require less computational power.
A) Simpler theories are more easily falsifiable. B) Simpler theories are always proven true. C) Simpler theories are less testable than complex ones. D) Simpler theories are impossible to falsify.
A) Complex theories are always more informative. B) Simplicity is irrelevant to informativeness. C) The simplest theory is more informative because it requires less information. D) Informativeness has no connection to scientific hypothesis.
A) He discovered that simple theories are always wrong. B) He stopped believing in the importance of scientific theory. C) It failed to provide an epistemic justification for simplicity. D) He decided that informativeness was a bad metric.
A) Denied its existence entirely. B) Proven it mathematically. C) Hypostatized it. D) Combined it with complexity.
A) Only when data is absent. B) Only in mathematical equations. C) When embedded in a specific context. D) In all situations universally.
A) The question 'why does gravity exist?' B) The question 'why be rational?' C) The question 'why is the sky blue?' D) The question 'why do atoms exist?'
A) Political grounds. B) Aesthetic grounds. C) Practical grounds. D) Logical grounds.
A) As less likely to be accurate. B) As identical in probability to others. C) As purely an aesthetic preference. D) As more likely to be true.
A) It has no relationship to truth. B) It is an ultimate a priori epistemic principle. C) It is a social construct. D) It is a physical law of nature.
A) Science is redundant. B) Science is irrational. C) Science is perfectly objective. D) Science is too complex.
A) The Law of Entropy. B) Underdetermination. C) The Principle of Relativity. D) Statistical Mechanics.
A) Either truth exists or science is a hobby. B) Either data is useless or complexity is preferred. C) Either science is complete or simplicity is an illusion. D) Either science is irrational or simplicity is a synthetic a priori truth.
A) When both explain the data equally well. B) When the simple theory is mathematically incorrect. C) When the complex theory explains the data better. D) When there is no data available.
A) E. T. Jaynes and David J. C. MacKay. B) James O. Berger and Harold Jeffreys. C) William H. Jefferys and David J. C. MacKay. D) Harold Jeffreys and E. T. Jaynes.
A) Yes. B) No. C) Only for mathematical theories. D) Only for complex models.
A) The reduction of adjustable parameters. B) The balance between overfitting and underfitting. C) The sum of marginal and conditional probabilities. D) The increase in prior bias.
A) Lower bias and lower variance. B) Lower bias but higher variance. C) Higher bias and higher variance. D) Higher bias but lower variance.
A) Lower variance but higher bias. B) Higher variance but lower bias. C) Lower variance and lower bias. D) Higher variance and higher bias.
A) Lex parsimoniae B) Novacula Occami C) Philosophia Christiana D) Entia non sunt
A) Thomas Aquinas B) William of Ockham C) John Punch D) Libert Froidmont
A) Robert Grosseteste B) Ptolemy C) William of Ockham D) John Punch
A) Maimonides B) John Duns Scotus C) Ptolemy D) Aristotle
A) Thomas Aquinas B) Libert Froidmont C) John Duns Scotus D) William of Ockham
A) Dominican monk B) Benedictine monk C) Jesuit priest D) Franciscan friar
A) Existentialism B) Realism C) Idealism D) Nominalism
A) Tabula rasa B) Cogito ergo sum C) Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem D) Numquam ponenda est pluralitas sine necessitate
A) Numquam ponenda est pluralitas sine necessitate B) Entia non sunt multiplicanda praeter necessitatem C) Pluralitas non est ponenda sine necessitate D) Frustra fit per plura quod potest fieri per pauciora
A) Quaestiones et decisiones B) Summa Totius Logicae C) Sentences of Peter Lombard D) Theological Lectures
A) Isaac Newton B) Ernst Mach C) Thomas Aquinas D) Bertrand Russell
A) Isaac Newton B) Theodore Woodward C) Ernst Mach D) Ray Solomonoff
A) Exotic diseases B) Horses C) Zebras D) Rare animals
A) Theodore Woodward B) Ernst Mach C) Ray Solomonoff D) Thomas Aquinas
A) Historical B) Theological C) Aesthetic D) Epistemological
A) Spareness B) Inefficiency C) Probability D) Complexity
A) Prediction based upon observations B) Defining theological morality C) Establishing aesthetic standards D) Categorizing medical diagnoses
A) The mathematical proof of data. B) The falsifiability criterion. C) The principle of absolute truth. D) The consensus of the scientific community.
A) John Dalton. B) Christiaan Huygens. C) Max Planck. D) Isaac Newton.
A) Francis Crick B) Richard Dawkins C) George C. Williams D) Elliott Sober
A) Groups B) Individuals C) Genes D) Ecosystems
A) Migrating in large herds across frozen plains B) Forming a defensive circle against wolves C) Displaying dominance through horn clashing D) Sharing food resources among adults
A) Overall similarity B) Synapomorphies C) Geographic range D) Genealogy and similarity
A) The lack of mathematical rigor B) The reliance on external physical traits C) The inability to use DNA data D) Statistical inconsistency
A) Francis Crick B) Elliott Sober C) George C. Williams D) Richard Dawkins
A) Pantheist B) Agnostic C) Atheist D) Christian
A) Through human reason B) Through scientific discovery C) Through logical proof D) Only through faith
A) Methodological naturalism B) Materialism C) The Ultimate Boeing 747 gambit D) Quinque viae
A) William of Ockham B) Pierre-Simon Laplace C) Søren Kierkegaard D) George Berkeley
A) Material objects B) The mind alone C) The interaction of atoms D) Scientific laws
A) He rejected the mind's existence B) Matter was not required by his metaphysics C) He believed in atheism D) Matter was proven to not exist
A) The power of methodological naturalism B) A proof that God does not exist C) An explicit denial of Christian theology D) A rejection of all philosophical reasoning
A) Material proof only B) Emotional desire C) Infinite complexity D) Experience
A) Dale Jacquette B) Paul Churchland C) Folk psychologists D) J. J. C. Smart
A) 1959 B) 1984 C) 2000 D) 1994
A) Dualism B) Fear C) Physical reality D) Neuroscience
A) Retributive justice. B) Natural law theory. C) Legal realism. D) Restorative justice.
A) Retributive sentencing. B) Kolmogorov complexity. C) Sensitivity testing. D) The Free energy principle alone.
A) Bayesian model comparison. B) The Kolmogorov-Chaitin approach. C) The parsimony principle of Bentham. D) Simple Turing machine analysis.
A) A restorative justice model. B) A Bayesian factor. C) A Turing machine. D) A penal theory framework.
A) A randomly generated set of rules B) An infinite amount of memory C) A highly complex binary sequence D) Approximately the same length description
A) Chris Wallace B) Marcus Hutter C) Jürgen Schmidhuber D) David L. Dowe
A) The set of evidence B) Describing the program C) The Kolmogorov complexity D) The data itself
A) Needham B) Chris Wallace C) Jürgen Schmidhuber D) Marcus Hutter
A) Decision tree induction B) Data encryption analysis C) Universal Turing machine design D) Algorithmic probability research
A) Galileo Galilei B) Lewis White Beck C) Francis Crick D) Tim Berners-Lee
A) Lewis White Beck B) Francis Crick C) Quine D) Tim Berners-Lee
A) Immanuel Kant B) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz C) Walter Chatton D) Karl Menger
A) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz B) Karl Menger C) Alfred Jarry D) Walter Chatton
A) Careless with evidence B) Unfocused on simplicity C) Parsimonious with variables D) Extravagant with theories
A) The Law Against Miserliness B) Crabtree's Bludgeon C) The Principle of Plenitude D) 'Pataphysics
A) Jorge Luis Borges B) Igor Mazin C) R. V. Jones D) Alfred Jarry
A) The Law Against Miserliness B) Inverse Occam's razor C) The principle of plenitude D) Crabtree's Bludgeon
A) 1285 B) 1985 C) 1902 D) 2012
A) Neil Davies B) William of Ockham C) Deborah Hyde D) Karl Derrick
A) A portrait of Alfred Jarry B) A mathematical formula C) A double-edged safety razorblade D) The face of William of Ockham
A) Carpe diem B) Se non è vero, è ben trovato C) In vino veritas D) Cogito, ergo sum
A) Arthur Lovejoy B) Igor Mazin C) Jorge Luis Borges D) R. V. Jones |