A) Urine, sweat, or saliva B) Sweat, tears, or serum C) Saliva, mucus, or blood plasma D) Serum, saliva, or urine
A) Antibodies, antigens, or RNA B) RNA, hormones, or antibodies C) Antigens, enzymes, or cells D) DNA, proteins, or antibodies
A) Below 300 cells per μL B) Below 200 cells per μL C) Below 500 cells per μL D) Below 100 cells per μL
A) 18 days B) 1 day C) 200 days D) 11.5 days
A) 18 days B) 2.5 million days C) 11.5 days D) 200 days
A) The time it takes to detect the virus B) The number of antibodies present in the serum C) Percentage of results that are negative when HIV is absent D) Percentage of results that are positive when HIV is present
A) The ability of a test to identify RNA B) Percentage of results that are negative when HIV is not present C) Percentage of results that are positive when HIV is present D) The duration of the eclipse period
A) Test incorrectly indicates HIV is present in a non-infected person B) Test incorrectly indicates HIV is absent in an infected person C) Test correctly identifies a non-infected person D) Test fails to detect the virus during the window period
A) Test incorrectly indicates HIV is absent in an infected person B) Test incorrectly indicates HIV is present in a non-infected person C) Test fails due to hypergammaglobulinemia D) Test correctly identifies an infected person
A) The window period B) High CD4+ T cell counts C) Autoimmune diseases D) The eclipse period
A) Systemic lupus erythematosus B) Nonspecific reactions C) The window period D) Hypergammaglobulinemia
A) To shorten the eclipse period B) To ensure HIV is detected if present C) To reduce the cost of testing D) To identify autoimmune diseases
A) Antibody, antigen, and nucleic acid tests B) Only antibody tests C) Only nucleic acid tests D) Only antigen tests
A) 2.5 million B) 1 million C) 200,000 D) 11.5 million
A) Only antibody testing (EIA) B) Only nucleic acid testing (NAT) C) Combination of antibody testing (EIA) and nucleic acid testing (NAT) D) Visual inspection of blood samples
A) Approximately one in 18 million B) Approximately one in 11.5 million C) Approximately one in 2.5 million D) Approximately one in 1 million
A) A period starting from exposure in which no test can detect HIV B) The time required for CD4+ cells to drop below 200 C) The time between exposure and positive antibody test D) A clinical condition of immunosuppression
A) Only HIV-1 B) HIV-1, HIV-2, and HIV-3 C) HIV-1 and HIV-2 D) Only HIV-2
A) A CD4+ T cell count above 500 cells per μL B) Presence of nonspecific reactions in the blood C) A positive test result during the eclipse period D) Development of an AIDS-defining clinical condition
A) Western blot B) Rapid antibody strip test C) ELISA D) Polymerase chain reaction
A) Public notification B) Mandatory reporting to police C) Informed consent D) Compulsory treatment
A) Automatic insurance enrollment B) Accompanied by counseling C) Immediate quarantine D) Mandatory workplace notification
A) A social security number B) A number C) A medical record ID D) A fingerprint
A) 12–70 B) 18–65 C) 16–60 D) 13–64
A) 10% B) 50% C) 25% D) 5%
A) New York B) Florida C) Texas D) California
A) 75% B) 50% C) 99% D) 90%
A) No B) Only if symptoms are present C) Yes D) Only after the window period ends
A) Enhanced laboratory immunological screening assay B) Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay C) Extended linkage internal serum assay D) Enzyme-level immune system analysis
A) 100-fold B) 200-fold C) 1000-fold D) 400-fold
A) Determining the cut-off point B) The time taken for analysis C) The cost of the reagents D) The storage of HIV antigens
A) Oxford University B) Stanford University C) Columbia University D) Harvard University
A) Fifteen minutes B) Thirty minutes C) Five minutes D) One hour
A) Cellulose acetate B) Sodium lauryl sulfate C) Recombinant DNA D) Secondary antibody enzyme
A) Inconclusive failure B) Indeterminate C) Equivocal-positive D) False negative
A) Recombinant internal biological assay B) Rapid immunosorbent blot assay C) Recombinant immunoblot assay D) Radioactive immunoblot analysis
A) Six months B) One month C) Three months D) One year
A) Get retested B) Perform a blood transfusion C) Start HIV medication immediately D) Ignore the result
A) Malaria B) Tuberculosis C) Hepatitis C D) Syphilis
A) Patients with acute symptoms B) High-risk populations C) Low-risk populations D) Populations in endemic areas
A) A single rapid test B) A physician's observation only C) A patient's self-report D) Multi-test algorithms
A) Retest using the same rapid test kit B) Ignore the result as a false positive C) Start HIV treatment immediately D) Confirm the result using the western blot
A) A second ELISA test B) A blood cell count C) Western blot D) A rapid combination antigen/antibody test
A) The rate becomes unpredictable B) The rate remains unchanged C) The rate increases significantly D) The rate becomes extremely low
A) Assume they are HIV negative B) Stop all future testing C) Be re-tested at a later date D) Assume they are HIV positive |