- 1. The philosophy of psychology is a branch of philosophy that explores fundamental questions about the nature of the mind, the relationship between the mind and the brain, and the ways in which we can understand and investigate mental processes. It delves into issues such as consciousness, perception, memory, emotions, and the philosophical foundations of psychological theories and practices. Philosophers of psychology examine concepts like free will, determinism, and the nature of mental causation, as well as the ethical implications of psychological research and interventions. By engaging with both philosophical and psychological perspectives, the philosophy of psychology seeks to enrich our understanding of the human mind and the complexities of mental life.
What is introspection?
A) Manipulating external stimuli to observe behavior
B) Analyzing unconscious drives and desires
C) Examining and reporting one's own conscious thoughts and feelings
D) Studying group behavior in social settings
- 2. Who introduced the concept of classical conditioning in psychology?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) Carl Jung
D) Erik Erikson
- 3. Which philosopher is associated with the concept of tabula rasa?
A) John Locke
B) Immanuel Kant
C) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
D) David Hume
- 4. Who proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance?
A) Herbert Simon
B) Albert Bandura
C) Leon Festinger
D) B.F. Skinner
- 5. Who is known for the concept of archetypes in psychology?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Carl Jung
- 6. What is the primary focus of behaviorism?
A) Unconscious desires
B) Humanistic potential
C) Personal growth
D) Observable behavior
- 7. Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
A) Carl Rogers
B) Jean Piaget
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Sigmund Freud
- 8. What is the concept of self-actualization associated with?
A) Behaviorism
B) Cognitive psychology
C) Humanistic psychology
D) Psychoanalysis
- 9. What does the biopsychosocial model of psychology consider in understanding human behavior?
A) Spiritual, emotional, and cognitive processes
B) Behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns
C) Biological, psychological, and social factors
D) Physical, mental, and emotional health
- 10. Who developed the theory of cognitive development in children known as schemas?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Erik Erikson
C) Lev Vygotsky
D) John Bowlby
- 11. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotions?
A) Facial feedback hypothesis
B) Cannon-Bard theory
C) Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
D) James-Lange theory
- 12. According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
A) Superego
B) Conscious mind
C) Ego
D) Id
- 13. In psychology, what does the term 'cognition' refer to?
A) Behavioral responses to stimuli
B) Physical movement of the body
C) The mental process of acquiring knowledge
D) Biological functions of the brain
- 14. Which term describes the tendency to seek out information that aligns with our pre-existing beliefs?
A) Operant conditioning
B) Confirmation bias
C) Social learning
D) Selective attention
- 15. What is the term for the psychological defense mechanism where individuals attribute their undesirable traits to others?
A) Denial
B) Projection
C) Regression
D) Displacement
- 16. Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation?
A) Phobia
B) Depression
C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
D) Schizophrenia
- 17. What is the bystander effect in social psychology?
A) Prejudice and discrimination based on social categories
B) Tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency when others are present
C) Influence of group dynamics on decision-making
D) Impact of cultural norms on social behavior
- 18. Psychological research has shown that people often rely on mental shortcuts called ______ to make decisions quickly.
A) Confirmation bias
B) Cognitive schemas
C) Algorithms
D) Heuristics
- 19. What is the term for the process of receiving and interpreting information from the environment?
A) Memory
B) Perception
C) Imagery
D) Attention
- 20. Who is known as the father of modern psychology?
A) William James
B) Sigmund Freud
C) John Watson
D) Wilhelm Wundt
- 21. Who developed the concept of 'Operant Conditioning'?
A) John Watson
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Erik Erikson
- 22. Which psychologist is associated with the concept of 'self-efficacy'?
A) Albert Bandura
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Ivan Pavlov
D) Erik Erikson
- 23. What is the primary focus of social psychology?
A) Human potential and personal growth
B) Unconscious motivations and desires
C) How individuals are influenced by and interact with others
D) Observable behaviors and stimuli
- 24. Who is known for the concept of the 'Hierarchy of Needs' in psychology?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Abraham Maslow
C) Jean Piaget
D) Carl Rogers
- 25. Which term refers to the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in the brain?
A) Memory
B) Perception
C) Learning
D) Cognition
- 26. What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?
A) Self-serving bias
B) False consensus effect
C) Hindsight bias
D) Fundamental attribution error
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