- 1. The philosophy of psychology is a branch of philosophy that explores fundamental questions about the nature of the mind, the relationship between the mind and the brain, and the ways in which we can understand and investigate mental processes. It delves into issues such as consciousness, perception, memory, emotions, and the philosophical foundations of psychological theories and practices. Philosophers of psychology examine concepts like free will, determinism, and the nature of mental causation, as well as the ethical implications of psychological research and interventions. By engaging with both philosophical and psychological perspectives, the philosophy of psychology seeks to enrich our understanding of the human mind and the complexities of mental life.
What is introspection?
A) Examining and reporting one's own conscious thoughts and feelings
B) Analyzing unconscious drives and desires
C) Studying group behavior in social settings
D) Manipulating external stimuli to observe behavior
- 2. Who introduced the concept of classical conditioning in psychology?
A) Erik Erikson
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) Jean Piaget
D) Carl Jung
- 3. Which philosopher is associated with the concept of tabula rasa?
A) Immanuel Kant
B) Jean-Jacques Rousseau
C) David Hume
D) John Locke
- 4. Who proposed the theory of cognitive dissonance?
A) Leon Festinger
B) Herbert Simon
C) Albert Bandura
D) B.F. Skinner
- 5. Who is known for the concept of archetypes in psychology?
A) Carl Jung
B) Ivan Pavlov
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Erik Erikson
- 6. What is the primary focus of behaviorism?
A) Personal growth
B) Observable behavior
C) Humanistic potential
D) Unconscious desires
- 7. Who is considered the founder of psychoanalysis?
A) Sigmund Freud
B) Carl Rogers
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Jean Piaget
- 8. What is the concept of self-actualization associated with?
A) Cognitive psychology
B) Behaviorism
C) Psychoanalysis
D) Humanistic psychology
- 9. What does the biopsychosocial model of psychology consider in understanding human behavior?
A) Spiritual, emotional, and cognitive processes
B) Physical, mental, and emotional health
C) Behavioral, cognitive, and emotional patterns
D) Biological, psychological, and social factors
- 10. Who developed the theory of cognitive development in children known as schemas?
A) Jean Piaget
B) Lev Vygotsky
C) Erik Erikson
D) John Bowlby
- 11. Which theory of emotion suggests that physiological arousal precedes the experience of emotions?
A) James-Lange theory
B) Facial feedback hypothesis
C) Cannon-Bard theory
D) Schachter-Singer two-factor theory
- 12. According to Freud, which part of the mind operates on the pleasure principle?
A) Id
B) Ego
C) Superego
D) Conscious mind
- 13. In psychology, what does the term 'cognition' refer to?
A) Biological functions of the brain
B) Behavioral responses to stimuli
C) The mental process of acquiring knowledge
D) Physical movement of the body
- 14. Which term describes the tendency to seek out information that aligns with our pre-existing beliefs?
A) Operant conditioning
B) Social learning
C) Confirmation bias
D) Selective attention
- 15. What is the term for the psychological defense mechanism where individuals attribute their undesirable traits to others?
A) Displacement
B) Projection
C) Regression
D) Denial
- 16. Which psychological disorder is characterized by persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation?
A) Depression
B) Phobia
C) Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
D) Schizophrenia
- 17. What is the bystander effect in social psychology?
A) Influence of group dynamics on decision-making
B) Tendency for individuals to be less likely to help in an emergency when others are present
C) Prejudice and discrimination based on social categories
D) Impact of cultural norms on social behavior
- 18. Psychological research has shown that people often rely on mental shortcuts called ______ to make decisions quickly.
A) Heuristics
B) Confirmation bias
C) Cognitive schemas
D) Algorithms
- 19. What is the term for the process of receiving and interpreting information from the environment?
A) Imagery
B) Attention
C) Perception
D) Memory
- 20. Who is known as the father of modern psychology?
A) Wilhelm Wundt
B) William James
C) John Watson
D) Sigmund Freud
- 21. Who developed the concept of 'Operant Conditioning'?
A) John Watson
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Erik Erikson
D) Ivan Pavlov
- 22. Which psychologist is associated with the concept of 'self-efficacy'?
A) Ivan Pavlov
B) B.F. Skinner
C) Erik Erikson
D) Albert Bandura
- 23. What is the primary focus of social psychology?
A) How individuals are influenced by and interact with others
B) Unconscious motivations and desires
C) Human potential and personal growth
D) Observable behaviors and stimuli
- 24. Who is known for the concept of the 'Hierarchy of Needs' in psychology?
A) Carl Rogers
B) Erik Erikson
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Jean Piaget
- 25. Which term refers to the process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information in the brain?
A) Memory
B) Cognition
C) Learning
D) Perception
- 26. What is the term for the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors?
A) Self-serving bias
B) Hindsight bias
C) Fundamental attribution error
D) False consensus effect
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