- 1. How many German soldiers were freed up for the Western Front by the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
A) A million
B) Two million
C) Five hundred thousand
D) Half a million
- 2. Which historian claimed the treaty sowed the seeds for the Cold War?
A) Vladimir Lenin
B) Leon Trotsky
C) Spencer Tucker
D) Adolf Joffe
- 3. Where did Lenin move the Soviet government immediately after the treaty?
A) Minsk
B) Kiev
C) Petrograd
D) Moscow
- 4. Who assassinated German Ambassador Wilhelm von Mirbach in 1918?
A) Tsarist diplomats
B) Left SRs
C) Bolshevik soldiers
D) German revolutionaries
- 5. What was the primary goal of Russian ambassador Joffe while in Germany?
A) Spying on the military
B) Negotiating new borders
C) Distributing propaganda to trigger a revolution
D) Securing food supplies
- 6. On what date did the Bolshevik legislature (VTsIK) annul the treaty?
A) 4 November 1918
B) 11 November 1918
C) 14 November 1918
D) 13 November 1918
- 7. Which treaty ended the Polish–Soviet War?
A) Treaty of Rapallo
B) Treaty of Riga
C) Armistice of 11 November
D) Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
- 8. What action did the Ottoman Empire take in May 1918 that broke the treaty?
A) Invading Ukraine
B) Seizing communications centers
C) Invading the First Republic of Armenia
D) Assassinating Joffe
- 9. Which agreement in 1922 saw Germany accept the nullification of the Brest-Litovsk treaty?
A) Armistice of 1918
B) Treaty of Riga
C) Treaty of Rapallo
D) Nazi-Soviet pact
- 10. Which group saw the lands lost by Bolshevik Russia as an opportunity to set up independent states?
A) Left SRs
B) Tsarist bureaucrats
C) The Allied Powers
D) Non-Russians inhabiting those lands
- 11. What did the Allied Powers fear the terms of the treaty represented?
A) The end of German expansionism
B) A boost for the Bolshevik economy
C) A warning of what to expect if the Central Powers won
D) A peaceful resolution to the war
- 12. In what year did the Soviet Union invade Poland according to the Nazi-Soviet pact?
A) 1939
B) 1941
C) 1940
D) 1938
- 13. What happened to Joffe and his staff on 5 November 1918?
A) They were executed
B) They were ejected from Germany
C) They were arrested by the Tsar
D) They joined the German government
- 14. Which newspaper printed the VTsIK Decision to annul the treaty?
A) Pravda
B) Petrograd News
C) The Russian Gazette
D) Izvestia
- 15. What territory did the Soviet Union occupy in 1940 as part of its westward border expansion?
A) Estonia
B) Germany
C) Sweden
D) The Balkans
- 16. Which Ottoman leader insisted on the return of territories surrendered in the Russo-Turkish War?
A) Mustafa Kemal
B) Enver Pasha
C) Talaat Pasha
D) Djemal Pasha
- 17. Which territories were to be returned to the Ottoman Empire under the treaty?
A) Tabriz, Erzurum, and Van
B) Baku, Tbilisi, and Yerevan
C) Crimea, Odessa, and Kiev
D) Ardahan, Kars, and Batumi
- 18. Who had effective control of the Caucasus territories at the time of the treaty?
A) Ottoman and British forces
B) Armenian and Georgian forces
C) Azerbaijani and Turkish forces
D) Russian and German forces
- 19. What were the Caucasus districts required to do regarding Russian troops?
A) Form a military alliance
B) Invite them to stay
C) Disarm them immediately
D) Clear them without delay
- 20. With which country were the Caucasus districts encouraged to agree upon reorganization?
A) France
B) Germany
C) Ottoman Empire
D) Great Britain
- 21. How much compensation in German marks did the Soviets agree to pay?
A) Nine billion
B) Three billion
C) Twelve billion
D) Six billion
- 22. What percentage of the Baku oil field output did the Soviets agree to sell to Germany?
A) 75%
B) 10%
C) 50%
D) 25%
- 23. How many secret clauses were included in the Soviet-German financial agreement?
A) Two
B) Three
C) Five
D) Ten
- 24. What was one purpose of the secret clauses in the August 1918 agreement?
A) German military action against Entente forces
B) The sale of grain to Germany
C) The exchange of prisoners of war
D) The annexation of Finland
- 25. Which troops were specifically marked for expulsion from Baku in the secret clauses?
A) British troops
B) French troops
C) Ottoman troops
D) Russian loyalist troops
- 26. Who signed the treaty on behalf of Soviet Russia?
A) Leon Trotsky
B) Grigori Sokolnikov
C) Ludendorff
D) Vladimir Lenin
- 27. Which of these was NOT a signatory to the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
A) Bulgaria
B) Ottoman Empire
C) United Kingdom
D) Austria-Hungary
- 28. What percentage of the former Russian Empire's operational coal mines were taken by the treaty?
A) 90%
B) 25%
C) 54%
D) 34%
- 29. Who was the German figure who detailed the plan for German influence in ceded territories?
A) Grigori Sokolnikov
B) Adolf Friedrich
C) Wilhelm Karl
D) Ludendorff
- 30. What was the proposed name for the entity comprising Latvia and Estonia?
A) United Baltic Duchy
B) Greater Lithuania
C) German Protectorate East
D) New Prussia
- 31. Who was the Duke appointed as the nominal ruler of Lithuania?
A) Adolf Friedrich
B) Grigori Sokolnikov
C) Ludendorff
D) Wilhelm Karl
- 32. What percentage of Russia's population was lost due to the treaty?
A) 34%
B) 25%
C) 54%
D) 89%
- 33. Which country did Bessarabia unite with after the treaty's aftermath?
A) Poland
B) Finland
C) Romania
D) Bulgaria
- 34. What percentage of Russia's railways was lost according to the treaty?
A) 34%
B) 54%
C) 89%
D) 26%
- 35. Which of these countries was NOT part of the Central Powers at the time of the treaty?
A) Russia
B) Ottoman Empire
C) Germany
D) Bulgaria
- 36. Who was the initial head of the Soviet delegation to the Brest-Litovsk negotiations?
A) Georgy Chicherin
B) Leon Trotsky
C) Vladimir Lenin
D) Adolph Joffe
- 37. What percentage of the former Russian Empire's industrial land was lost under the terms of the treaty?
A) 54%
B) 89%
C) 26%
D) 34%
- 38. What formula did Leon Trotsky announce on 10 February 1918 regarding the peace negotiations?
A) Surrender all territories
B) Immediate mobilization
C) Peace at any price
D) No war – no peace
- 39. Which movement gained a unifying cause due to the controversial nature of the treaty in Russia?
A) The Provisional Government
B) The Left Socialist-Revolutionaries
C) The White movement
D) The Red Guards
- 40. What percentage of Russia's coalfields was lost under the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
A) 34%
B) 54%
C) 89%
D) 26%
- 41. Who replaced Leon Trotsky as foreign minister after his resignation?
A) Georgy Chicherin
B) Nikolai Bukharin
C) Adolph Joffe
D) Karl Radek
- 42. Where were the peace negotiations held?
A) Petrograd
B) Vienna
C) Brest-Litovsk
D) Berlin
- 43. What document did Lenin sign on 8 November 1917 to propose an end to the war?
A) Order No. 1
B) Milyukov note
C) Decree on Peace
D) April Theses
- 44. Which country's independence was confirmed by the Soviet government in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
A) Ukraine
B) Belarus
C) Poland
D) Finland
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