Democracy and Leadership by Irving Babbitt
- 1. In 'Democracy and Leadership', Irving Babbitt explores the intricate relationship between democratic ideals and the nature of leadership, arguing that true leadership must be rooted in moral and ethical considerations rather than mere popularity or the will of the majority. Babbitt critiques the excesses of democratic sentiment that prioritize individualism and self-interest at the expense of community and collective responsibility. He emphasizes the importance of a balanced approach to governance, where leaders are not only reflective of the people's desires but also possess a vision that guides society towards higher moral standards. Through a historical lens, Babbitt examines the evolution of democratic thought and its implications for effective leadership, asserting that leaders should cultivate virtues and wisdom to inspire and elevate the masses. His work serves as a cautionary reminder of the potential pitfalls of democracy when it becomes disconnected from a coherent ethical framework, advocating for a leadership that harmonizes personal integrity with the democratic process.
What philosophical tradition does Babbitt most strongly associate with?
A) Pragmatism
B) Existentialism
C) Utilitarianism
D) New Humanism
- 2. Babbitt's concept of the 'inner check' is most opposed to what?
A) Unrestrained impulse
B) External authority
C) Rational calculation
D) Traditional values
- 3. What does Babbitt see as the proper relationship between freedom and restraint?
A) Restraint destroys freedom
B) Freedom means absence of restraint
C) Freedom requires ethical restraint
D) They are unrelated concepts
- 4. Babbitt criticizes modern education for overemphasizing what?
A) Classical languages
B) Moral philosophy
C) Scientific specialization
D) Political theory
- 5. What does Babbitt consider the foundation of ethical leadership?
A) Self-control
B) Wealth accumulation
C) Intellectual brilliance
D) Popular mandate
- 6. Babbitt criticizes modern democracy for confusing equality with what?
A) Liberty
B) Justice
C) Fraternity
D) Sameness
- 7. Babbitt argues that the greatest threat to democracy comes from what?
A) Internal decay
B) Economic inequality
C) Technological change
D) External enemies
- 8. Babbitt believes that without ethical leadership, democracy tends toward what?
A) Oligarchy
B) Dictatorship
C) Anarchy
D) Mob rule
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