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Isaac Newton - Quiz
Contributed by: Costello
  • 1. When was Isaac Newton born?
A) 1572
B) 1701
C) 1643
D) 1756
  • 2. Which field of study is Isaac Newton best known for contributing to?
A) Physics
B) Biology
C) Psychology
D) Economics
  • 3. What is Newton's first law of motion commonly known as?
A) Law of Gravity
B) Law of Relativity
C) Law of Thermodynamics
D) Law of Inertia
  • 4. What mathematical concept did Isaac Newton co-develop with Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz?
A) Calculus
B) Statistics
C) Algebra
D) Geometry
  • 5. Isaac Newton served as the President of which royal society?
A) Royal Society of London
B) Royal Society of Physics
C) Royal Society of Edinburgh
D) Royal Society of Sciences
  • 6. What fruit is often associated with the legend of Newton discovering the theory of gravity?
A) Orange
B) Banana
C) Pear
D) Apple
  • 7. What was the title of Newton's first major scientific work that detailed his discoveries about the nature of colors?
A) Opticks
B) Principia
C) On the Origin of Species
D) A Brief History of Time
  • 8. What title did Isaac Newton hold when he was Master of the Royal Mint?
A) Warden
B) Chancellor
C) Treasurer
D) Keeper
  • 9. What was the approximate year when Newton passed away?
A) 1753
B) 1698
C) 1785
D) 1727
  • 10. Newton's work 'Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica' introduced which theory?
A) Quantum Mechanics
B) Special Relativity
C) Universal Gravitation
D) Electromagnetism
  • 11. What color is most commonly associated with Newton's experiments on light?
A) Green
B) Black
C) White
D) Red
  • 12. What title was Newton given by the English parliament in 1705?
A) Royal Tutor
B) Chief Scientist
C) Master of the Mint
D) High Councilor
  • 13. What was Isaac Newton's mother's maiden name?
A) Smith
B) Johnson
C) Jones
D) Ayscough
  • 14. What was the title of the book in which Newton outlined his laws of motion?
A) De Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium
B) Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
C) Principia
D) Elements
  • 15. In what year was Isaac Newton's 'Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica' first published?
A) 1687
B) 1704
C) 1715
D) 1699
  • 16. What significant scientific method did Isaac Newton contribute to and refine?
A) The observational method
B) The experimental method
C) The scientific method
D) The theoretical method
  • 17. Who shared credit with Isaac Newton for formulating infinitesimal calculus?
A) Carl Friedrich Gauss
B) Leonhard Euler
C) Albert Einstein
D) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
  • 18. What type of telescope did Isaac Newton build?
A) Refracting telescope
B) Radio telescope
C) Infrared telescope
D) Reflecting telescope
  • 19. What effect did Newton first theorize that involves the reflection of light?
A) Rayleigh scattering
B) Fresnel diffraction
C) Snell's law
D) Goos–Hänchen effect
  • 20. Which political party was Isaac Newton associated with during his time as a Member of Parliament?
A) Tories
B) Labour Party
C) Whigs
D) Conservatives
  • 21. What did Newton theorize about the shape of the Earth?
A) A perfect sphere
B) An irregular shape
C) An oblate spheroid
D) A prolate spheroid
  • 22. What mathematical concept did Newton generalize to any real number?
A) Fermat's Last Theorem
B) The binomial theorem
C) Euclidean geometry
D) Pythagorean theorem
  • 23. What was one of Newton's contributions to numerical integration?
A) Monte Carlo method
B) Simpson's rule
C) Newton–Cotes formulas
D) Gaussian quadrature
  • 24. What did Newton introduce that is related to the study of fluid dynamics?
A) Reynolds number
B) Turbulent flow
C) Laminar flow
D) Newtonian fluid
  • 25. What was Newton's role at the Royal Society from 1703 to 1727?
A) Secretary
B) Member
C) Founder
D) President
  • 26. On what date was Isaac Newton born according to the Julian calendar?
A) 31 October 1642
B) 4 January 1643
C) 29 February 1642
D) 25 December 1642
  • 27. Where was Isaac Newton born?
A) Cambridge, England
B) Woolsthorpe Manor in Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, Lincolnshire
C) London, England
D) Oxford, England
  • 28. How old was Isaac Newton when his father died?
A) Ten years old
B) Three months old
C) Five years old
D) One year old
  • 29. What did Newton's mother attempt to make him?
A) A mathematician
B) A lawyer
C) A schoolteacher
D) A farmer
  • 30. What motivated Isaac Newton to become the top-ranked student?
A) Curiosity about science
B) Encouragement from his mother
C) Interest in mathematics
D) A desire for revenge against a schoolyard bully
  • 31. What subjects were taught at The King's School in Grantham?
A) Physics, chemistry, and biology
B) Engineering, architecture, and design
C) Latin, Ancient Greek, and mathematics
D) Medicine, philosophy, and theology
  • 32. In which college at the University of Cambridge did Isaac Newton study?
A) Trinity College
B) King's College
C) St John's College
D) Queens' College
  • 33. What role did Isaac Newton initially take on at Cambridge to pay for his studies?
A) Subsizar, performing valet duties
B) Fellow of the college
C) Librarian
D) Tutor
  • 34. Who was Isaac Newton's predecessor as Lucasian Professor?
A) John Wallis
B) Isaac Barrow
C) Thomas Street
D) William Ayscough
  • 35. In which year was Isaac Newton elected a Fellow of the Royal Society?
A) 1672
B) 1699
C) 1665
D) 1687
  • 36. Who originally published the Geographia Generalis in 1650?
A) John Dugdale
B) Bernhardus Varenius
C) Shaw
D) Isaac Newton
  • 37. In what year did Isaac Newton begin his work on calculus?
A) 1699
B) 1687
C) 1671
D) 1664
  • 38. What term is used to refer to Newton's version of calculus?
A) Integral Calculus
B) Fluxions
C) Differential Calculus
D) Analytical Geometry
  • 39. Which problem did Newton solve in a night, pioneering the field of calculus of variations?
A) Minimal resistance problem
B) Newton–Pepys problem
C) Cubic plane curves classification
D) The brachistochrone curve problem
  • 40. What did Newton's private manuscript from 1664-66 contribute to?
A) Numerical integration
B) Geometric probability
C) Calculus of variations
D) Coordinate geometry
  • 41. Who was the Swiss mathematician close to Newton who started writing a new version of Principia?
A) Jacob Bernoulli
B) Nicolas Fatio de Duillier
C) John Keill
D) Simon Stevin
  • 42. What was Newton's estate value at the time of his death?
A) Around £30,000
B) Under £10,000
C) Over £50,000
D) Exactly £20,000
  • 43. Who served as Newton's hostess in social affairs at his Jermyn Street house?
A) Queen Anne
B) A servant
C) His niece from Cranbury Park
D) His half-niece, Catherine Barton
  • 44. Which physicist praised Newton by stating 'Never was the supremacy of intellect so justly established and so fully confessed'?
A) Edward Andrade
B) Peter Rowlands
C) Albert Einstein
D) Jean-Baptiste Biot
  • 45. Which mathematical concept did Newton introduce that is still widely used in physics?
A) Power series
B) Polar coordinates
C) Dot notation
D) Bipolar coordinates
  • 46. In which year did Isaac Newton first formulate an empirical law of cooling?
A) 1687
B) 1672
C) 1701
D) 1744
  • 47. In which poll did Isaac Newton rank as the greatest Briton in 2003?
A) Time magazine
B) BBC World
C) University of Cambridge students
D) Royal Society
  • 48. What material did Newton use to make his first reflective mirrors for the telescope?
A) Copper
B) Glass
C) Speculum metal
D) Silver
  • 49. Which philosopher considered Newton a central figure in modern philosophy?
A) Johann Jakob Brucker
B) René Descartes
C) Baruch Spinoza
D) David Hume
  • 50. What religious denomination was Isaac Newton born into?
A) Puritan
B) Jewish
C) Catholic
D) Anglican
  • 51. What did Newton classify into four types, later proven to be all possible by James Stirling?
A) Quadratic equations
B) Geometric shapes
C) Linear transformations
D) Cubic plane curves
  • 52. Where did Isaac Newton's body lie in state?
A) The Royal Society headquarters
B) His home in London
C) Westminster Abbey
D) St. Paul's Cathedral
  • 53. Which university is putting all of Newton's known writings on alchemy online?
A) Oxford University
B) Cambridge University
C) Harvard University
D) Indiana University
  • 54. What was the title of John Flamsteed's work that Newton used in his studies?
A) Philosophiæ Naturalis
B) Principia Mathematica
C) Historia Coelestis Britannica
D) Opticks
  • 55. Who was the first scientist to be knighted before Newton?
A) Edmond Halley
B) Robert Hooke
C) Francis Bacon
D) Galileo Galilei
  • 56. Who frequently asserted that Isaac Newton was the greatest genius who ever lived?
A) Thomas Jefferson
B) Joseph-Louis Lagrange
C) James Clerk Maxwell
D) Albert Einstein
  • 57. Who ranked physicists on a logarithmic scale with Newton at 0?
A) Stephen Hawking
B) Lev Landau
C) Albert Einstein
D) James Jeans
  • 58. What did Newton's burning mirror reportedly achieve in terms of radiant energy?
A) 200 W cm⁻², half as bright as the Sun
B) 100 W cm⁻², equal to the Sun's intensity
C) 50 W cm⁻², dimmer than the Sun
D) 460 W cm⁻², brighter than a thousand Suns
  • 59. What term did Isaac Newton coin in his work related to celestial mechanics?
A) Inertia
B) Kepler's laws
C) Gravitational constant
D) Centripetal force
  • 60. What did Newton's analysis and resynthesis of white light owe a debt to?
A) Relativity
B) Quantum mechanics
C) Wave theory
D) Corpuscular alchemy
  • 61. What standard did Britain effectively move to after Newton's change?
A) Its first gold standard
B) The silver standard
C) A bimetallic standard
D) A paper currency standard
  • 62. In what year was the Israel collection of Newton's papers inscribed by UNESCO on its Memory of the World International Register?
A) 2012
B) 2015
C) 2007
D) 2020
  • 63. What percentage of coins did Newton estimate were counterfeit during the Great Recoinage of 1696?
A) 30 percent
B) 20 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 10 percent
  • 64. Which Founding Father considered Newton one of the three greatest men who ever lived?
A) John Adams
B) George Washington
C) Benjamin Franklin
D) Thomas Jefferson
  • 65. In which year did William Stukeley record a conversation with Newton about the apple story?
A) 1727
B) 1666
C) 1752
D) 1816
  • 66. Which English poet wrote a famous epitaph for Isaac Newton?
A) William Shakespeare
B) Samuel Taylor Coleridge
C) John Milton
D) Alexander Pope
  • 67. What was the outcome that Newton chose in his correspondence with Samuel Pepys over the probability problem?
A) Outcome A: six dice tossed with at least one six appearing
B) Outcome C: eighteen dice tossed with at least three sixes appearing
C) Outcome B: twelve dice tossed with at least two sixes appearing
D) None of the above
  • 68. In which century did Newton observe the Magnus effect?
A) 17th century
B) 18th century
C) 20th century
D) 19th century
  • 69. What did Newton use to approximate partial sums of the harmonic series?
A) Finite differences
B) Power series
C) Taylor series
D) Logarithms
  • 70. What was the name of the method Newton developed for solving simultaneous equations?
A) Fluxions
B) Taylor series
C) Newton-Cotes formulas
D) Gaussian elimination
  • 71. Who was Newton's first biographer that interpreted his manuscripts?
A) Thomas Burnet
B) John Maynard Keynes
C) Stephen Snobelen
D) David Brewster
  • 72. What did Newton's scientific method emphasize over speculative reasoning?
A) Mathematical proofs
B) Observable data
C) Theoretical conjectures
D) Hypotheses
  • 73. Who sought Newton's advice on a critical New Testament edition?
A) David Brewster
B) Henry More
C) Thomas Tenison
D) John Mill
  • 74. Whose work later incorporated Newton's empirical law of cooling?
A) Heinrich Magnus
B) Immanuel Kant
C) Joseph Fourier
D) Denis Diderot
  • 75. What did Newton's scientific method transform theoretical questions into?
A) Purely mathematical problems
B) Empirically solvable ones
C) Philosophical inquiries
D) Hypothetical conjectures
  • 76. What term was used in seventeenth-century England for what we now call alchemy?
A) Chemistry
B) Mysticism
C) Chymistry
D) Alchemy
  • 77. In which year did Newton observe that a prism refracts different colors at different angles?
A) 1671
B) 1699
C) 1685
D) 1666
  • 78. What was the percentage of Newton's library dedicated to mathematics?
A) 7.2%
B) 3%
C) 10%
D) 15%
  • 79. Which Enlightenment intellectual was influenced by Newton's portrayal as a philosophical figure?
A) John Locke
B) Jean le Rond d'Alembert
C) Thomas Hobbes
D) Voltaire
  • 80. Who defended Newton's position in a famous correspondence?
A) Thomas Burnet
B) John Maynard Keynes
C) Samuel Clarke
D) Henry More
  • 81. Who encouraged and financially supported the publication of Newton's 'Principia'?
A) John Flamsteed
B) Edmond Halley
C) David Brewster
D) Robert Hooke
  • 82. Which philosopher described Newton as 'a very valuable man not only for his wonderful skill in Mathematicks but in divinity too and his great knowledge in the Scriptures where in I know few his equals'?
A) John Locke
B) Thomas Burnet
C) Pierre-Simon Laplace
D) Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
  • 83. Who ranked Newton alongside Carl Friedrich Gauss and Archimedes as the three greatest mathematicians of all time?
A) Clifford A. Pickover
B) Walter Crosby Eells
C) Donald M. Davis
D) E.T. Bell
  • 84. Who described Newton as 'the central figure in the history of science'?
A) Peter Rowlands
B) Stephen Hawking
C) James Jeans
D) Guillaume de l'Hôpital
  • 85. What did Newton propose about the interaction between optical reflection and refraction?
A) Reflection is more important than refraction.
B) Refraction occurs without reflection.
C) They are independent phenomena.
D) They arise from interactions across the entire surface.
  • 86. Who claimed that Newton had no commerce with women?
A) Samuel Pepys
B) Catherine Barton
C) John Conduitt
D) Voltaire
  • 87. What famous expression did Newton use in the second edition of 'Principia' to reject hypotheses not implied by phenomena?
A) E pur si muove
B) Hypotheses non fingo
C) Sic transit gloria mundi
D) Cogito, ergo sum
  • 88. Which physicist kept a picture of Isaac Newton on his study wall alongside Michael Faraday and James Clerk Maxwell?
A) Erwin Schrödinger
B) Albert Einstein
C) Niels Bohr
D) Richard Feynman
  • 89. What percentage of Newton's library was dedicated to theology?
A) 15%
B) 40%
C) 27.2%
D) 10%
  • 90. Who was the serial counterfeiter that Isaac Newton successfully prosecuted?
A) Robert Lucas, 3rd Baron Lucas of Shenfield
B) Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax
C) William Chaloner
D) Thomas Neale
  • 91. Where did Newton spend some time toward the end of his life?
A) Oxford University
B) Trinity College, Cambridge
C) Cranbury Park, near Winchester
D) London
  • 92. Who called Newton's Principia 'the first and greatest work ever written about theoretical physics'?
A) Ludwig Boltzmann
B) Stephen Hawking
C) James Jeans
D) Joseph-Louis Lagrange
  • 93. In which year were two unpublished pages of Newton's notes on Jan Baptist van Helmont's book auctioned online?
A) 2020
B) 2015
C) 2000
D) 1990
  • 94. What did Newton use to describe the effect that would become known as gravity?
A) Force
B) Acceleration
C) Gravitas (weight)
D) Mass
  • 95. What problem did Newton's reflecting telescope solve?
A) Diffraction
B) Interference
C) Astigmatism
D) Chromatic aberration
  • 96. What was Newton's contribution to the theory of finite differences?
A) He developed Gaussian elimination for it.
B) He formulated Bézout's theorem for it.
C) He is regarded as the single most significant contributor.
D) He introduced fractional indices for it.
  • 97. What term did Newton use to describe the multicolored image produced by a prism?
A) prismatogram
B) color array
C) chromatic display
D) spectrum
  • 98. In which year did Newton publish 'Opticks'?
A) 1675
B) 1687
C) 1699
D) 1704
  • 99. How did Newton's method use provisionally accepted propositions?
A) To establish unchangeable laws
B) To reject all previous scientific theories
C) To guide research through successive approximations
D) To avoid empirical testing
  • 100. What theological position did Isaac Newton side with, according to his writings?
A) Deism
B) Socinianism
C) Arianism
D) Trinitarianism
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