ThatQuiz Test Library Take this test now
Cross-dressing, gender identity, and sexuality of Joan of Arc - Quiz
Contributed by: Halliday
  • 1. According to Kelly DeVries, who has been the subject of more study than any other person of the Middle Ages?
A) Joan of Arc
B) Vita Sackville-West
C) Charles VII
D) Jules Quicherat
  • 2. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways Kelly DeVries states Joan of Arc has been portrayed?
A) Saint
B) Demented teenager
C) Marxist liberator
D) Capitalist exploiter
  • 3. Who was one of the first modern writers to raise issues of Joan of Arc's sexuality?
A) Vita Sackville-West
B) Régine Pernoud
C) Marina Warner
D) Kelly DeVries
  • 4. In what year was Vita Sackville-West's book 'Saint Joan of Arc' published?
A) 1936
B) 2005
C) 1429
D) 1990
  • 5. What reason did Vita Sackville-West indirectly suggest for Joan of Arc potentially being a lesbian?
A) Refusing to marry Charles VII
B) Leading an army into battle
C) Dressing in male clothing
D) Sharing a bed with girls and women
  • 6. What common medieval practice is cited as the prominent rebuttal to Vita Sackville-West's bed-sharing theory?
A) Guards sleeping in prisoners' cells
B) Women sharing beds with one another
C) Knights sharing tents during campaigns
D) Hermits sleeping outdoors
  • 7. Who called Vita Sackville-West's book 'dead wrong but fun'?
A) Bonnie Wheeler
B) Leslie Feinberg
C) Susan Crane
D) Régine Pernoud
  • 8. Bonnie Wheeler is associated with which organization?
A) Centre Jeanne d'Arc
B) International Joan of Arc Society
C) Académie française
D) Inquisition of the Catholic church
  • 9. To what does Régine Pernoud credit Joan's clothing?
A) Her romantic feelings for female companions
B) A desire to usurp a man's function entirely
C) Necessity and her belief that it was ordained by God
D) An attempt to hide her true noble identity
  • 10. According to Guillaume Manchon's testimony at the Rehabilitation trial, why did Joan complain about not being able to do without male clothing?
A) Because women's clothing was illegal in France
B) Because it was required by Marie Robine's prophecy
C) Fearing that the guards would violate her in the night
D) To make it easier to ride horses into battle
  • 11. Which officials did Joan complain to regarding a guard attempting to rape her?
A) The Bishop of Beauvais, the Vice-Inquisitor, and Master Nicholas Loiseleur
B) Charles VII, Gérard Machet, and Jacques Gelu
C) Vita Sackville-West, Bonnie Wheeler, and Régine Pernoud
D) Jules Quicherat, Bouzy, and Gerson
  • 12. What link does Marina Warner argue existed in pre-industrial Europe?
A) Between bed-sharing and lesbianism
B) Between transvestism and priestly functions
C) Between heresy and standard Catholic dogma
D) Between warfare and peasant status
  • 13. According to Marina Warner, what third order did Joan occupy through her transvestism?
A) A Marxist liberator class
B) Neither male nor female, an androgyne
C) A strictly male divine warrior class
D) A traditional female religious martyr category
  • 14. Which center has been working on a re-edition of Jules Quicherat's Procès de Jeanne d'Arc under the direction of the Académie française?
A) Centre Jeanne d'Arc in Orleans
B) The Inquisition
C) International Joan of Arc Society
D) The University of Paris
  • 15. According to Bouzy, what characterizes Jules Quicherat's work which forms the basis of most modern scholarship on Joan?
A) Errors, selective editing, and manipulated versions of earlier documents
B) Flawless transcription of all original trial records
C) A complete rejection of all theological treatises
D) An exclusive focus on Leslie Feinberg's theories
  • 16. Which theological treatise ordered by Charles VII for Joan's rehabilitation is discussed in relation to her crossdressing?
A) Secrecy, Specularity, and Speculation
B) Jacques Gelu's treatise
C) Marie Robine's prophecy
D) Gerson's tract
  • 17. How did Jules Quicherat criticize Jacques Gelu's treatise?
A) As a brilliant foundational text for modern scholarship
B) As a dangerously heretical document
C) As an "uninstructive hodgepodge"
D) As an accurate transcription of the trial
  • 18. According to Bouzy, what does Jacques Gelu's text show about prelates who supported Charles VII in 1429?
A) They insisted she share a bed with female companions
B) They were reluctant to accept a young girl dressed as a man
C) They believed she was an androgyne occupying a third order
D) They immediately recognized her as a transgender warrior
  • 19. Who was the hermit from Avignon whose prophecy convinced Gérard Machet that Joan was the expected girl?
A) Joan Roughgarden
B) Anne Llewellyn Barstow
C) Vita Sackville-West
D) Marie Robine
  • 20. Who was Charles VII's confessor whose conviction about Marie Robine's prophecy helped influence the King?
A) Guillaume Manchon
B) Jacques Gelu
C) Jules Quicherat
D) Gérard Machet
  • 21. Steven Weiskopf's text begins with a recording of Joan's death by whom?
A) Master Nicholas Loiseleur
B) The Vice-Inquisitor
C) The Bourgeois of Paris
D) The Bishop of Beauvais
  • 22. According to the Bourgeois of Paris's recording, why were Joan's clothes removed after she was burned to death?
A) To show the audience that she was indeed female and remove doubts
B) To follow standard Inquisition execution protocols
C) To preserve her male clothing as a holy relic
D) To punish her for refusing to wear women's garments
  • 23. Who offers the most literal explanation linking the Bourgeois's description to the crowd's fascination with Joan's sexual identity?
A) Anne Llewellyn Barstow
B) Leslie Feinberg
C) Bynum
D) Susan Crane
  • 24. What phrase does the Bourgeois write quizzically regarding Joan's identity?
A) "A male-identified trans person."
B) "It pleases God that I wear it."
C) "Dead wrong but fun."
D) "What it was, God only knows."
  • 25. In the Journal of Modern and Medieval Studies, what does Susan Crane argue that isolating transvestism from sexual identity risks?
A) Validating Jules Quicherat's editorial methods
B) Assuming heterosexuality is the only position and that self-presentation has nothing to do with sexuality
C) Proving conclusively that Joan was a lesbian
D) Confirming Marie Robine's prophecy
  • 26. What is Joan's repeated justification for her attire, as noted by Susan Crane?
A) "Fearing that the guards would violate her"
B) "It pleases God that I wear it"
C) "What it was, God only knows."
D) "For nothing in the world will I renounce my identity"
  • 27. How does Susan Crane distinguish Joan from traditional holy transvestites?
A) Joan adopts male pronouns permanently
B) Joan lays claim to her virginity and womanhood instead of burying it, identifying as a fighter
C) Joan renounces her female identity entirely to become an androgyne
D) Joan refuses to engage in secular affairs
  • 28. According to Bynum, how does Joan's continued engagement in secular affairs and secular cross-dressing affect her virginity?
A) It moves her virginity beyond its canonical meanings, suggesting a revision of heterosexual identity
B) It proves she was a biological male
C) It aligns her perfectly with traditional monastic cross-dressers
D) It destroys her claim to being a holy maiden
  • 29. Which transgender author popularized the notion of Joan of Arc being transgender in the book 'Transgender Warriors'?
A) Bonnie Wheeler
B) Steven Weiskopf
C) Joan Roughgarden
D) Leslie Feinberg
  • 30. What is the title of the book by Leslie Feinberg that traces history from Joan of Arc to Dennis Rodman?
A) Transgender Warriors: Making History From Joan of Arc to Dennis Rodman
B) Secrecy, Specularity, and Speculation
C) Saint Joan of Arc
D) Evolution's Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality
  • 31. Under what heading in 'Transgender Warriors' does Leslie Feinberg cite Evans and Murray regarding Joan's male costume?
A) Evolution's Rainbow
B) Procès de Jeanne d'Arc
C) Saint Joan of Arc
D) They Called Her 'Hommasse'
  • 32. How does transgender biologist Joan Roughgarden describe Joan of Arc in 'Evolution's Rainbow'?
A) As a "male-identified trans person"
B) As a traditional medieval bed-sharer
C) As a proto-feminist aristocratic aspirant
D) As an androgyne occupying a third order
  • 33. According to Leslie Feinberg in 'Transgender Liberation', why was Joan of Arc burned at the stake?
A) Because she refused to stop dressing as a man
B) Because she was convicted of witchcraft by Jacques Gelu
C) Because she failed to prove her virginity to the Bourgeois of Paris
D) Because she supported Marie Robine's prophecy
  • 34. What did Joan vow in her testimony regarding her clothing, according to court records cited by Leslie Feinberg?
A) "It pleases God that I wear women's clothing."
B) "What it was, God only knows."
C) "For nothing in the world will I swear not to arm myself and put on a man's dress."
D) "Dead wrong but fun."
  • 35. According to the text, what did Joan's judges in the verbatim proceedings of her interrogation find repugnant?
A) Her refusal to engage in secular affairs
B) Her transvestism
C) 她的 bed-sharing habits
D) Her support for Charles VII
  • 36. Which of the following descriptions was NOT used by Kelly DeVries to characterize how Joan of Arc has been portrayed?
A) Religious zealot
B) Heretic
C) Absolute monarch
D) Seer
  • 37. What was the common medieval practice used to rebut Vita Sackville-West's claim about Joan sharing a bed with women?
A) Saints sleeping on stone floors as penance
B) Warriors resting in communal tents during the Hundred Years War
C) Guards sleeping in the same quarters as prisoners for safety
D) Women sharing beds with one another without sexual connotations
  • 38. Whose testimony at the Rehabilitation trial did Régine Pernoud cite regarding Joan's complaints about guards attempting rape?
A) Jacques Gelu
B) Gérard Machet
C) Jules Quicherat
D) Guillaume Manchon
  • 39. According to Marina Warner, pre-industrial Europe saw a link between transvestism and what other function?
A) Peasant labor
B) Military leadership
C) Monastic bed-sharing
D) Priestly functions
  • 40. How does Marina Warner categorize Joan of Arc regarding her gender?
A) As a strict traditionalist
B) As a biological male
C) As a traditional heterosexual woman
D) As an androgyne
  • 41. Who is credited by Bouzy as forming the basis of most modern scholarship on Joan through the work 'Procès de Jeanne d'Arc'?
A) Marie Robine
B) Jacques Gelu
C) Gerson
D) Jules Quicherat
  • 42. What criticism does Bouzy level against Jules Quicherat's work?
A) It contains errors, selective editing, and manipulated versions of earlier documents
B) It was written entirely by Vita Sackville-West
C) It advocates for Joan as a Marxist liberator
D) It completely ignores Joan's cross-dressing
  • 43. According to Anne Llewellyn Barstow, why did both friend and foe "thirsted to know whether she was a man or a woman"?
A) Because Jules Quicherat's edits obscured her records
B) Because Marie Robine's prophecy demanded gender verification
C) Because she refused to sleep in prison cells
D) They were troubled by the notion that a woman could be a powerful war leader
  • 44. What phrase does Susan Crane argue is risked by isolating transvestism from sexual identity?
A) Denying that Joan had any religious faith
B) Proving that Joan was a transgender warrior
C) Confirming the validity of Jacques Gelu's treatise
D) Assuming heterosexuality is the only possible position for Joan
  • 45. Which scholar notes Joan's repeated justification of her attire as something that "pleases God that I wear it"?
A) Susan Crane
B) Leslie Feinberg
C) Vita Sackville-West
D) Joan Roughgarden
  • 46. What argument regarding protection against rape does Susan Crane dispute concerning Joan's behavior?
A) The argument that she was forced into female garments by the Inquisition
B) The argument that Joan slept fully clothed in armor
C) The argument that guards never attempted to violate her
D) The argument that male clothing served merely as protection against rape
  • 47. Bynum notes that Joan's engagement in secular affairs and secular cross-dressing does what to her virginity?
A) Queers her virginity, moving it beyond canonical meanings
B) Proves she was a traditional religious cross-dresser
C) Destroys her canonical status entirely
D) Aligns her with Marie Robine's prophecy
  • 48. What term does Leslie Feinberg use under a specific book heading to refer to Joan of Arc?
A) 'Androgyne'
B) 'Seer'
C) 'Hommasse'
D) 'Proto-feminist'
  • 49. Which biologist cites and agrees with Leslie Feinberg's assessment, describing Joan as a "male-identified trans person"?
A) Joan Roughgarden
B) Steven Weiskopf
C) Kelly DeVries
D) Bonnie Wheeler
  • 50. In which book does Joan Roughgarden describe Joan of Arc as a "male-identified trans person"?
A) Transgender Warriors
B) Evolution's Rainbow: Diversity, Gender, and Sexuality in Nature and People
C) Saint Joan of Arc
D) Secrecy, Specularity, and Speculation
  • 51. According to Leslie Feinberg in 'Transgender Liberation', why did Joan suffer the excruciating pain of being burned alive?
A) Because she supported Jules Quicherat's edits
B) Because she failed to convince Gérard Machet
C) Rather than renounce her identity
D) Because she refused to answer Jacques Gelu's questions
  • 52. What did Joan's judges demand that she wear during her interrogation proceedings?
A) Priestly robes
B) Traditional bed-sharing attire
C) Armor without weapons
D) Women's clothing
  • 53. Who is cited alongside Evans by Leslie Feinberg regarding the "enormous importance" of Joan's male costume?
A) Murray
B) Crane
C) Bynum
D) Pernoud
  • 54. According to the text, who wrote 'Secrecy, Specularity, and Speculation'?
A) Steven Weiskopf
B) Susan Crane
C) Kelly DeVries
D) Anne Llewellyn Barstow
  • 55. Apart from Gerson's tract, what is noted about several other treatises ordered for Joan's rehabilitation?
A) They were all written by Jules Quicherat
B) They were fully edited and published by the Centre Jeanne d'Arc
C) They have never been translated and are likely to hold surprises
D) They prove conclusively that Joan was a lesbian
  • 56. How did English soldiers primarily refer to Joan of Arc during her life?
A) A prophet
B) A witch
C) A queen
D) A saint
  • 57. At what age was Joan of Arc executed in the marketplace of Rouen?
A) Twenty-one
B) Seventeen
C) Twenty-five
D) Nineteen
  • 58. In what year was Joan executed in the marketplace of Rouen?
A) 1449
B) 1430
C) 1450
D) 1431
  • 59. Which Pope appointed the commission that organized Joan's rehabilitation trial?
A) Pope Calixtus III
B) Pope Urban II
C) Pope Pius II
D) Pope Gregory IX
  • 60. In what year were Normandy and Rouen restored to the French, allowing nullification proceedings to begin?
A) 1450
B) 1431
C) 1449
D) 1430
  • 61. Who dispatched a letter on 15 February 1450 ordering the creation of a commission to reexamine the Condemnation trial?
A) Guillaume d'Estouteville
B) Pope Calixtus III
C) Charles VII
D) Bedford
  • 62. During which siege was Joan of Arc captured?
A) Compiègne
B) Reims
C) Paris
D) Orléans
  • 63. Who handed Joan of Arc over to the English after her capture?
A) The Spanish
B) The Germans
C) The Italians
D) The Burgundians
  • 64. What document did Joan sign in which she agreed to cease wearing male clothing?
A) An indulgence
B) A cedula
C) A concordat
D) A writ
  • 65. Which saint cut off her hair, donned male attire, and joined a monastery as 'Father Marinos'?
A) Saint Uncumber
B) Saint Thecla
C) Saint Marina
D) Saint Margaret
  • 66. Who argued that 'sexuality is central to the construction of sanctity in the Middle Ages'?
A) Simon Gaunt
B) John Anson
C) William Shakespeare
D) Stith Thompson
  • 67. Which saint was a Portuguese princess who prayed to be saved from marrying the King of Sicily and grew a beard?
A) Saint Margaret
B) Saint Thecla
C) Saint Marina
D) Saint Uncumber
Created with That Quiz — the math test generation site with resources for other subject areas.