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Hevea brasiliensis - Quiz
Contributed by: Collier
  • 1. Which substance has been heavily used on rubber plantations in Malaysia due to its toxicity to insects, bacteria, and fungi?
A) Arsenic trioxide
B) Pseudocercospora ulei
C) Cyanogenic glycosides
D) Linamarase
  • 2. What is the primary threat to Southeast Asian rubber trees mentioned by Charles C. Mann?
A) Arsenic soil poisoning
B) South American leaf blight
C) Over-harvesting of latex
D) Lack of nitrogen in the soil
  • 3. What is the scientific name for the fungus causing South American leaf blight?
A) Pseudocercospora ulei
B) Linamarin
C) Hevea brasiliensis
D) Bagarius
  • 4. Where are cyanogenic glycosides primarily concentrated in Hevea brasiliensis?
A) Leaves
B) Seeds
C) Bark
D) Roots
  • 5. What happens to the rubber tree when it produces more cyanogenic glycosides regarding fungal pathogens?
A) It produces more latex to fight the fungus
B) It becomes fully immune to the fungus
C) It suffers worse from Pseudocercospora ulei
D) It grows faster to outpace the infection
  • 6. What is a potential reason why cyanogenic glycosides might be detrimental to the rubber tree?
A) Cyanide may inhibit other defensive metabolites
B) They consume all available water
C) They attract more insects
D) They prevent photosynthesis
  • 7. What elements in cyanogenic glycosides are recycled for growth and latex production?
A) Carbon and nitrogen
B) Sulfur and magnesium
C) Oxygen and hydrogen
D) Phosphorus and potassium
  • 8. Under what condition do cyanogenic glycosides become an attractive nitrogen store for the plant?
A) When the plant is infected by bacteria
B) When the plant is light-deprived
C) When the plant is exposed to excessive sunlight
D) When the plant produces too much latex
  • 9. Which enzyme is responsible for the hydrolysis of linamarin in Hevea brasiliensis?
A) Alpha-hydroxynitrile
B) Pseudocercospora
C) Lovastatin
D) Linamarase
  • 10. Why does linamarase fail to act upon linustatin?
A) Linustatin is too toxic
B) Linustatin is not present in the cytoplasm
C) Linustatin is a protein
D) Linustatin is a diglucoside
  • 11. What substance inhibits the linamarase cleavage of linamarin?
A) Cyanide
B) Lovastatin
C) Glucose
D) Arsenic trioxide
  • 12. In rural Malaysia, what are rubber seeds commonly used to make?
A) Fuel
B) Jewelry
C) Toys
D) Fertilizer
  • 13. What is the name of the Malay dish made from rubber seeds?
A) Kenerak stew
B) Patin curry
C) Gulai asam rong
D) Rubber seed porridge
  • 14. Which fish is commonly used in the preparation of gulai asam rong?
A) Patin
B) Cod
C) Tuna
D) Salmon
  • 15. What is the process of preparing rubber seeds for food involve before stewing?
A) Boiling in water for several hours
B) Frying in rubber tree oil
C) Soaking in arsenic to remove toxins
D) Sun-drying, cracking shells, and pounding into a meal
  • 16. In which Malaysian regions did local communities begin foraging rubber seeds for food?
A) Kuala Lumpur and Selangor
B) Penang and Kedah
C) Johor and Malacca
D) Jerantut and Temerloh in Pahang
  • 17. Which plant family does Hevea brasiliensis belong to?
A) Rosaceae
B) Euphorbiaceae
C) Fabaceae
D) Asteraceae
  • 18. What is the primary natural source of rubber derived from Hevea brasiliensis?
A) Seed oil
B) Milky latex
C) Bark resin
D) Leaf sap
  • 19. Where is the Hevea brasiliensis tree originally native to?
A) Southeast Asia
B) Amazon basin
C) Central Africa
D) Northern Australia
  • 20. What is the maximum height a wild Hevea brasiliensis tree can reach?
A) 60 metres
B) 25 metres
C) 10 metres
D) 43 metres
  • 21. How many leaflets do the leaves of Hevea brasiliensis have?
A) Five
B) Seven
C) Three
D) One
  • 22. How does the fruit of the rubber tree open when ripe?
A) Slowly by rotting
B) By falling to the ground
C) It remains closed
D) Explosively
  • 23. In what direction do the latex vessels spiral up the tree?
A) Horizontal circles
B) Left-handed helix
C) Right-handed helix
D) Vertical straight lines
  • 24. What angle do the latex vessels form with the horizontal?
A) 15 degrees
B) 30 degrees
C) 45 degrees
D) 90 degrees
  • 25. At what age are rubber trees generally cut down in plantations?
A) 50 to 60 years
B) 25 to 30 years
C) 5 to 10 years
D) 100 years
  • 26. What is the minimum annual rainfall required by the rubber tree?
A) 500 mm
B) 2,000 mm
C) 1,200 mm
D) 100 mm
  • 27. How many years does it take for a rubber tree to deliver its first harvest?
A) One to two years
B) Seven to ten years
C) Fifteen to twenty years
D) Thirty years
  • 28. What is the purpose of harvesting the wood of the rubber tree in recent decades?
A) Fuel for burning
B) Furniture making
C) Construction of houses
D) Paper production
  • 29. What discovery in 1839 triggered the rubber boom?
A) Synthetic polymerization
B) Tapping technology
C) Vulcanization procedure
D) Latex refining
  • 30. Which Brazilian province inspired the early name 'pará rubber tree'?
A) Mato Grosso
B) Grão-Pará
C) Bahia
D) Amazonas
  • 31. What is the term for the latex extracted from the tree in Peru?
A) Seringa
B) Rubber-sap
C) Latex-bruto
D) Caucho
  • 32. Which ancient civilization extracted rubber from Castilla elastica?
A) Aztec
B) Inca
C) Olmec
D) Maya
  • 33. Where were the first 12 seedlings of H. brasiliensis germinated in 1873?
A) Botanical gardens at Buitenzorg
B) Iquitos, Peru
C) Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
D) Botanical gardens in Singapore
  • 34. Who was responsible for smuggling 70,000 seeds to Kew in 1875?
A) Dutch botanists
B) Henry Wickham
C) The Olmec traders
D) British colonial governors
  • 35. What were used to transport the 2,000 seedlings to Ceylon in 1876?
A) Wardian cases
B) Glass jars
C) Wooden crates
D) Canvas sacks
  • 36. In what year were rubber trees introduced to the botanical gardens at Buitenzorg, Java?
A) 1898
B) 1913
C) 1876
D) 1883
  • 37. Which country was NOT mentioned as a top rubber producer in 2011?
A) Brazil
B) Thailand
C) Vietnam
D) Indonesia
  • 38. What were the rubber balls used for in Mesoamerica?
A) Shoe soles
B) The Mesoamerican ballgame
C) Religious offerings
D) Storage containers
  • 39. What happened to the first 12 seedlings sent to India?
A) They were lost at sea
B) They were stolen
C) They died
D) They thrived
  • 40. Which ethnic group served as the dominant workforce in Malaya's rubber production by the early 20th century?
A) African laborers
B) British soldiers
C) Chinese field workers
D) Local indigenous tribes
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