- 1. What is the main ingredient in pho broth?
A) Chicken bones
B) Vegetable broth
C) Pork bones
D) Beef bones
- 2. What type of noodles are used in pho?
A) Rice noodles
B) Egg noodles
C) Wheat noodles
D) Buckwheat noodles
- 3. How is pho traditionally eaten?
A) With hands only
B) With a fork
C) With chopsticks and a spoon
D) From a straw
- 4. What time of day is pho typically consumed in Vietnam?
A) Afternoon snack
B) Midnight snack
C) Dinner
D) Breakfast
- 5. What is the traditional pho garnish that provides crunch?
A) Green onions
B) Cilantro
C) Bean sprouts
D) Jalapeños
- 6. What kind of broth is typically used in vegetarian pho?
A) Vegetable broth
B) Bone broth
C) Chicken broth
D) Beef broth
- 7. Which region of Vietnam is pho most commonly associated with?
A) Northern Vietnam
B) Western Vietnam
C) Central Vietnam
D) Southern Vietnam
- 8. How is pho pronounced?
A) Fee
B) Fuh
C) Poe
D) Fo
- 9. In which century did phở first appear in written records?
A) 19th century
B) 20th century
C) 21st century
D) 18th century
- 10. Which city is credited with the creation of traditional Vietnamese phở?
A) Hanoi
B) Hue
C) Saigon
D) Nam Định
- 11. Which of the following is NOT a common meat used in phở?
A) Beef
B) Chicken
C) Pork
D) Water buffalo
- 12. What is the date designated as the 'Day of Pho' in Vietnam?
A) January 1
B) December 12
C) October 10
D) November 11
- 13. Which of these regions is NOT believed to have influenced the development of phở?
A) French
B) Indian
C) Chinese
D) Vietnamese
- 14. Which city has a style of phở known for its sweet broth?
A) Da Nang
B) Saigon
C) Huế
D) Hanoi
- 15. What was the traditional use of water buffaloes in Vietnam before the French colonial period?
A) Leather production
B) Meat production
C) Transportation
D) Farming
- 16. Which of the following dishes is similar to phở and found in China?
A) sushi
B) bánh mì
C) pad thai
D) ngau naam ho fun
- 17. What was the name of the first Vietnamese-owned phở stand in Hanoi?
A) Đồng Row
B) Quạt Row
C) Cát Tường
D) Bờ Hồ
- 18. What type of pole did phở vendors traditionally use to carry their mobile kitchens?
A) Phở stick
B) Noodle pole
C) Gánh phở
D) Bánh mì pole
- 19. Which French dish influenced the preparation of phở broth?
A) Coq au vin
B) Pot-au-feu
C) Bouillabaisse
D) Ratatouille
- 20. What type of hat did phở vendors traditionally wear?
A) Conical hat
B) Baseball cap
C) Top hat
D) Mũ phở
- 21. Which of the following is a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Basil
B) Rosemary
C) Mint
D) Thyme
- 22. What was the primary reason for the increased availability of beef in Vietnam during the French colonial period?
A) French demand
B) Vietnamese preference
C) Chinese influence
D) American intervention
- 23. What is the name of the village in Nam Định Province known as the traditional home of phở?
A) Saigon
B) Vân Cù
C) Huế
D) Hanoi
- 24. Which of the following is a traditional way to serve phở?
A) In a bowl
B) In a cup
C) In a sandwich
D) On a plate
- 25. Which of the following is a traditional way to garnish phở?
A) Sliced green chilies
B) Sliced black chilies
C) Sliced red chilies
D) Sliced yellow chilies
- 26. How much annual revenue did pho restaurants in the United States generate during the 2000s?
A) US$100 million
B) US$1 billion
C) US$500 million
D) US$250 million
- 27. Which of the following is a traditional sauce served with phở?
A) Mustard
B) Ketchup
C) Fish sauce
D) Mayonnaise
- 28. What type of meat might be used in provincial variations of pho?
A) Duck, buffalo, goat, or veal
B) Chicken and beef
C) Pork and lamb
D) Fish and shrimp
- 29. What is the primary reason for the decline of peddler phở gánh around 1936–1946?
A) Due to competition from fast food
B) Due to lack of demand
C) In favor of stationary eateries
D) Due to government regulation
- 30. Who sold the dish ngưu nhục phấn in Hanoi?
A) Chinese immigrants.
B) French chefs.
C) Vietnamese royalty.
D) Indian traders.
- 31. Which U.S. President visited Phở 2000 in Ho Chi Minh City in 2000?
A) Donald Trump
B) George W. Bush
C) Barack Obama
D) Bill Clinton
- 32. Which phở chain is a subsidiary of Highlands Coffee?
A) Phở Hòa
B) Pho 75
C) Pho 24
D) Phở Bình
- 33. Which of the following is not a common spice used in pho broth?
A) Thyme
B) Cloves
C) Star anise
D) Cinnamon
- 34. When was chicken pho first introduced?
A) 1954
B) 1939
C) 1928
D) 1945
- 35. Which of the following is NOT a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Mint
B) Perilla
C) Thai basil
D) Cilantro
- 36. Which spice is sometimes omitted in chicken phở due to its role in reducing beef smell?
A) Charred ginger
B) Cloves
C) Cinnamon
D) Star anise
- 37. What does the Vietnamese poet Tản Đà call phở in his work 'Đánh bạc'?
A) 'Bún chả'.
B) 'Bánh mì'.
C) 'Nhục-phở'.
D) 'Gỏi cuốn'.
- 38. What is the purpose of roasting ginger and onion before adding them to the stock?
A) To reduce their size
B) To bring out their full flavor
C) To change their color
D) To make them softer
- 39. Which of the following is not a seasoning used in pho broth?
A) Coriander seed
B) Star anise
C) Cinnamon
D) Oregano
- 40. When did the Vietnamese Embassy in Mexico celebrate Phở Day?
A) April 3, 2016
B) April 4, 2016
C) April 1, 2016
D) April 2, 2016
- 41. When did the first pho restaurant open in Little Saigon, Orange County, California?
A) 1975
B) 1980
C) 2000
D) 1990
- 42. In which year was the word 'pho' added to the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary?
A) 2011
B) 2016
C) 2007
D) 1997
- 43. Which herb is not typically used in Northern pho?
A) Thai basil
B) Cilantro
C) Pickled garlic
D) Scallions
- 44. When was December 12 designated as the 'Day of Phở' by the Vietnamese government?
A) 2015
B) 2018
C) 2024
D) 2020
- 45. Which of the following is a type of chicken part used in chicken pho?
A) Beef tripe
B) Chicken thigh
C) Beef brisket
D) Beef ball
- 46. How does Jean Marquet refer to phở in his 1919 novel?
A) 'Yoc feu!'
B) 'Noodles and beef!'
C) 'Beef soup!'
D) 'Phở Hanoi!'
- 47. What rank did pho achieve on 'World's 50 Most Delicious Foods' compiled by CNN Go in 2011?
A) 10
B) 50
C) 28
D) 5
- 48. What is the name of the phở-like Filipino dish popular in Palawan island?
A) Bún bò Huế
B) Chao long
C) Phở Lào
D) Phở sốt vang
- 49. Which street in Saigon was famous for its beef phở?
A) Phở Bắc Hải
B) Pasteur Street
C) Hien Vuong Street
D) Phở Công Lý
- 50. Which of the following is a traditional way to enhance the flavor of phở?
A) Adding sugar
B) Adding vinegar
C) Adding lime juice
D) Adding salt
- 51. In which decade did pho begin to enter the mainstream in the United States?
A) 1980s
B) 2010s
C) 1990s
D) 2000s
- 52. What is the name of the style of phở that originated from Nam Định and became popular in Hanoi?
A) Nam Định style
B) Southern style
C) Hanoi style
D) Saigon style
- 53. Which part of the chicken is referred to as 'lòng gà' in pho?
A) Chicken breast
B) Immature chicken eggs
C) Chicken thigh
D) Chicken innards
- 54. In which year did the word phở first appear in a short story?
A) 1907
B) 1931
C) 1910
D) 1920
- 55. What is a phở-inspired cocktail likely to incorporate?
A) Rice noodles
B) The soup’s signature spices
C) Lime juice
D) Fish sauce
- 56. What does food historian Erica J. Peters argue about the French embrace of phở?
A) It accurately reflects its historical roots
B) It was a result of French culinary innovation
C) It was a direct adaptation of French cuisine
D) It overlooks its origins as a local improvisation
- 57. Which of the following is a common way to prepare the meat before adding it to beef pho?
A) Frozen
B) Boiled
C) Sauteed
D) Raw
- 58. What does the term ngưu nhục phấn translate to in English?
A) 'Fish soup'.
B) 'Beef noodles'.
C) 'Chicken broth'.
D) 'Rice noodles'.
- 59. Which phở restaurant has locations in Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania?
A) Phở 10 Lý Quốc Sư
B) Phở Hòa
C) Pho 24
D) Pho 75
- 60. What is a special garnish prepared in Central pho?
A) Scallions
B) Pickled papaya
C) Bean sprouts
D) Hoisin sauce
- 61. Which citrus fruit is used in the Filipino chao long dish?
A) Calamansi
B) Lime
C) Orange
D) Lemon
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