- 1. What is the main ingredient in pho broth?
A) Vegetable broth
B) Pork bones
C) Chicken bones
D) Beef bones
- 2. What type of noodles are used in pho?
A) Egg noodles
B) Buckwheat noodles
C) Rice noodles
D) Wheat noodles
- 3. How is pho traditionally eaten?
A) With hands only
B) From a straw
C) With a fork
D) With chopsticks and a spoon
- 4. What time of day is pho typically consumed in Vietnam?
A) Breakfast
B) Midnight snack
C) Afternoon snack
D) Dinner
- 5. What is the traditional pho garnish that provides crunch?
A) Jalapeños
B) Cilantro
C) Green onions
D) Bean sprouts
- 6. What kind of broth is typically used in vegetarian pho?
A) Bone broth
B) Vegetable broth
C) Chicken broth
D) Beef broth
- 7. Which region of Vietnam is pho most commonly associated with?
A) Central Vietnam
B) Southern Vietnam
C) Northern Vietnam
D) Western Vietnam
- 8. How is pho pronounced?
A) Poe
B) Fuh
C) Fee
D) Fo
- 9. In which century did phở first appear in written records?
A) 19th century
B) 21st century
C) 20th century
D) 18th century
- 10. Which city is credited with the creation of traditional Vietnamese phở?
A) Nam Định
B) Hue
C) Hanoi
D) Saigon
- 11. Which of the following is NOT a common meat used in phở?
A) Pork
B) Beef
C) Water buffalo
D) Chicken
- 12. What is the date designated as the 'Day of Pho' in Vietnam?
A) January 1
B) October 10
C) December 12
D) November 11
- 13. Which of these regions is NOT believed to have influenced the development of phở?
A) French
B) Indian
C) Chinese
D) Vietnamese
- 14. Which city has a style of phở known for its sweet broth?
A) Da Nang
B) Saigon
C) Huế
D) Hanoi
- 15. What was the traditional use of water buffaloes in Vietnam before the French colonial period?
A) Leather production
B) Meat production
C) Farming
D) Transportation
- 16. Which of the following dishes is similar to phở and found in China?
A) bánh mì
B) sushi
C) ngau naam ho fun
D) pad thai
- 17. What was the name of the first Vietnamese-owned phở stand in Hanoi?
A) Quạt Row
B) Đồng Row
C) Bờ Hồ
D) Cát Tường
- 18. What type of pole did phở vendors traditionally use to carry their mobile kitchens?
A) Noodle pole
B) Phở stick
C) Gánh phở
D) Bánh mì pole
- 19. Which French dish influenced the preparation of phở broth?
A) Bouillabaisse
B) Ratatouille
C) Pot-au-feu
D) Coq au vin
- 20. What type of hat did phở vendors traditionally wear?
A) Top hat
B) Mũ phở
C) Conical hat
D) Baseball cap
- 21. Which of the following is a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Rosemary
B) Mint
C) Thyme
D) Basil
- 22. What was the primary reason for the increased availability of beef in Vietnam during the French colonial period?
A) Vietnamese preference
B) American intervention
C) French demand
D) Chinese influence
- 23. What is the name of the village in Nam Định Province known as the traditional home of phở?
A) Hanoi
B) Saigon
C) Vân Cù
D) Huế
- 24. Which of the following is a traditional way to serve phở?
A) On a plate
B) In a cup
C) In a sandwich
D) In a bowl
- 25. Which of the following is NOT a traditional herb used in phở?
A) Cilantro
B) Thai basil
C) Perilla
D) Mint
- 26. What is the name of the style of phở that originated from Nam Định and became popular in Hanoi?
A) Southern style
B) Saigon style
C) Nam Định style
D) Hanoi style
- 27. Which of the following is a traditional sauce served with phở?
A) Ketchup
B) Mayonnaise
C) Mustard
D) Fish sauce
- 28. What is the primary reason for the decline of peddler phở gánh around 1936–1946?
A) Due to competition from fast food
B) Due to lack of demand
C) Due to government regulation
D) In favor of stationary eateries
- 29. Which of the following is a traditional way to enhance the flavor of phở?
A) Adding lime juice
B) Adding sugar
C) Adding salt
D) Adding vinegar
- 30. Which of the following is a traditional way to garnish phở?
A) Sliced black chilies
B) Sliced red chilies
C) Sliced yellow chilies
D) Sliced green chilies
- 31. When was chicken pho first introduced?
A) 1939
B) 1954
C) 1945
D) 1928
- 32. When did the first pho restaurant open in Little Saigon, Orange County, California?
A) 1990
B) 1975
C) 1980
D) 2000
- 33. In which decade did pho begin to enter the mainstream in the United States?
A) 1980s
B) 2010s
C) 2000s
D) 1990s
- 34. How much annual revenue did pho restaurants in the United States generate during the 2000s?
A) US$250 million
B) US$100 million
C) US$1 billion
D) US$500 million
- 35. In which year was the word 'pho' added to the Shorter Oxford English Dictionary?
A) 2011
B) 1997
C) 2016
D) 2007
- 36. What rank did pho achieve on 'World's 50 Most Delicious Foods' compiled by CNN Go in 2011?
A) 10
B) 5
C) 28
D) 50
- 37. When did the Vietnamese Embassy in Mexico celebrate Phở Day?
A) April 3, 2016
B) April 4, 2016
C) April 2, 2016
D) April 1, 2016
- 38. When was December 12 designated as the 'Day of Phở' by the Vietnamese government?
A) 2024
B) 2015
C) 2020
D) 2018
- 39. What is a phở-inspired cocktail likely to incorporate?
A) Rice noodles
B) The soup’s signature spices
C) Fish sauce
D) Lime juice
- 40. In which year did the word phở first appear in a short story?
A) 1931
B) 1910
C) 1920
D) 1907
- 41. What does food historian Erica J. Peters argue about the French embrace of phở?
A) It was a result of French culinary innovation
B) It overlooks its origins as a local improvisation
C) It was a direct adaptation of French cuisine
D) It accurately reflects its historical roots
- 42. What does the term ngưu nhục phấn translate to in English?
A) 'Fish soup'.
B) 'Chicken broth'.
C) 'Beef noodles'.
D) 'Rice noodles'.
- 43. Who sold the dish ngưu nhục phấn in Hanoi?
A) French chefs.
B) Vietnamese royalty.
C) Chinese immigrants.
D) Indian traders.
- 44. How does Jean Marquet refer to phở in his 1919 novel?
A) 'Noodles and beef!'
B) 'Yoc feu!'
C) 'Beef soup!'
D) 'Phở Hanoi!'
- 45. What does the Vietnamese poet Tản Đà call phở in his work 'Đánh bạc'?
A) 'Nhục-phở'.
B) 'Bánh mì'.
C) 'Gỏi cuốn'.
D) 'Bún chả'.
- 46. Which part of the chicken is referred to as 'lòng gà' in pho?
A) Chicken thigh
B) Immature chicken eggs
C) Chicken breast
D) Chicken innards
- 47. Which spice is sometimes omitted in chicken phở due to its role in reducing beef smell?
A) Cloves
B) Charred ginger
C) Star anise
D) Cinnamon
- 48. Which of the following is a common way to prepare the meat before adding it to beef pho?
A) Sauteed
B) Boiled
C) Raw
D) Frozen
- 49. What is the purpose of roasting ginger and onion before adding them to the stock?
A) To bring out their full flavor
B) To reduce their size
C) To change their color
D) To make them softer
- 50. Which of the following is a type of chicken part used in chicken pho?
A) Beef tripe
B) Beef brisket
C) Chicken thigh
D) Beef ball
- 51. Which of the following is not a seasoning used in pho broth?
A) Coriander seed
B) Cinnamon
C) Star anise
D) Oregano
- 52. Which of the following is not a common spice used in pho broth?
A) Cloves
B) Thyme
C) Star anise
D) Cinnamon
- 53. Which herb is not typically used in Northern pho?
A) Thai basil
B) Cilantro
C) Pickled garlic
D) Scallions
- 54. What is a special garnish prepared in Central pho?
A) Pickled papaya
B) Hoisin sauce
C) Bean sprouts
D) Scallions
- 55. What type of meat might be used in provincial variations of pho?
A) Duck, buffalo, goat, or veal
B) Pork and lamb
C) Fish and shrimp
D) Chicken and beef
- 56. What is the name of the phở-like Filipino dish popular in Palawan island?
A) Phở Lào
B) Bún bò Huế
C) Chao long
D) Phở sốt vang
- 57. Which citrus fruit is used in the Filipino chao long dish?
A) Lemon
B) Lime
C) Orange
D) Calamansi
- 58. Which street in Saigon was famous for its beef phở?
A) Phở Bắc Hải
B) Pasteur Street
C) Phở Công Lý
D) Hien Vuong Street
- 59. Which U.S. President visited Phở 2000 in Ho Chi Minh City in 2000?
A) Bill Clinton
B) Donald Trump
C) Barack Obama
D) George W. Bush
- 60. Which phở chain is a subsidiary of Highlands Coffee?
A) Phở Bình
B) Pho 75
C) Phở Hòa
D) Pho 24
- 61. Which phở restaurant has locations in Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania?
A) Phở Hòa
B) Pho 75
C) Phở 10 Lý Quốc Sư
D) Pho 24
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