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Betula pendula - Quiz
Contributed by: Robbins
  • 1. What type of canopy does the silver birch have?
A) Dense canopy
B) Layered canopy
C) Evergreen canopy
D) Open canopy
  • 2. Which of these flowering plants is found in birch woods?
A) Rose
B) Primrose
C) Sunflower
D) Tulip
  • 3. Which shrub is commonly found on the floor of a birch forest?
A) Ivy
B) Boxwood
C) Blaeberry
D) Holly
  • 4. What causes the 'witch's brooms' on silver birch branches?
A) Taphrina betulina
B) Amanita muscaria
C) Fomitopsis betulina
D) Agrilus anxius
  • 5. Which fungus is responsible for killing old birch trees?
A) Cantharellus cibarius
B) Leccinum scabrum
C) Fomitopsis betulina
D) Taphrina betulina
  • 6. Which fungus maintains a mutualistic relationship with the silver birch?
A) Amanita muscaria
B) Taphrina betulina
C) Fomitopsis betulina
D) Agrilus anxius
  • 7. What kind of soil condition particularly encourages the birch-mycorrhizal relationship?
A) Sandy beach soil
B) Acidic or nutrient-poor soil
C) Waterlogged soil
D) Alkaline and rich soil
  • 8. Which insect is a major pest for birch trees in the United States?
A) Redpoll
B) Green woodpecker
C) Bronze birch borer
D) Willow warbler
  • 9. What is the conservation status of Betula pendula on the IUCN Red List?
A) Endangered
B) Vulnerable
C) Extinct
D) Least concern
  • 10. Approximately how many insect species were found on silver and downy birch in Germany?
A) Almost 500
B) Exactly 50
C) Over 1,000
D) Almost 100
  • 11. Which bird is noted as living in birch woodland?
A) Ostrich
B) Penguin
C) Chaffinch
D) Flamingo
  • 12. What assists the growth of the tree alongside mycorrhiza?
A) Large mammals
B) Heavy rainfall
C) Microfauna
D) Additional fertilizers
  • 13. What is the current status of Betula szaferi?
A) A separate species
B) A hybrid of oak and birch
C) Considered a form of B. pendula
D) Extinct in the wild
  • 14. How are naturally regenerated birch trees compared to planted ones regarding birch dieback?
A) Less susceptible
B) Immune to all disease
C) More susceptible
D) Equally susceptible
  • 15. Which mycorrhizal associate is listed in addition to Amanita muscaria?
A) Agrilus anxius
B) Leccinum scabrum
C) Taphrina betulina
D) Fomitopsis betulina
  • 16. What is the primary factor that allows silver birch seeds to disperse over long distances?
A) Wind
B) Animal consumption
C) Water
D) Gravity
  • 17. In the southern parts of its natural range, where is Betula pendula mainly found?
A) Mountainous regions
B) River valleys
C) Tropical rainforests
D) Coastal plains
  • 18. Which of the following describes the shoots of Betula pendula?
A) Hairless and smooth
B) Hairless and warty
C) Hairy and smooth
D) Hairy and warty
  • 19. What is the ploidy level of Betula pendula?
A) Triploid
B) Tetraploid
C) Diploid
D) Haploid
  • 20. What is the result of a hybrid between Betula pendula and Betula pubescens?
A) Sterile
B) A distinct new species
C) Highly fertile
D) More resistant to pollution
  • 21. In which US states is Betula pendula considered invasive?
A) Kentucky, Maryland, Washington, and Wisconsin
B) Florida, Texas, and California
C) New York, Maine, and Vermont
D) Alaska, Hawaii, and Oregon
  • 22. What is a distinguishing leaf characteristic of Betula pendula compared to Betula pubescens?
A) Ovoid shape with single serration
B) Triangular shape with double serration
C) Heart shape with smooth margins
D) Needle-like shape
  • 23. Why is Betula pendula suitable for industrial areas?
A) Tolerance to pollution
B) Deep taproot system
C) Resistance to drought
D) Ability to grow in complete shade
  • 24. How many subspecies of silver birch are currently accepted?
A) Six
B) Three
C) Five
D) Two
  • 25. Where is the subspecies Betula pendula subsp. szechuanica primarily found?
A) Western China
B) Northern Morocco
C) Eastern Europe
D) Siberia
  • 26. Which species is generally more tolerant of wet, poorly drained sites?
A) Betula szechuanica
B) Betula mandshurica
C) Betula pubescens
D) Betula pendula
  • 27. Which statement regarding the bark of Betula pendula is true?
A) It is greyer with very few fissures
B) It is whiter with scattered black fissures
C) It is dark brown and peeling
D) It is smooth and yellow
  • 28. Betula pendula has been introduced to which continent?
A) South America
B) North America
C) Australia
D) Antarctica
  • 29. What is the relationship between Betula pendula and Betula pubescens hybrids?
A) They are very common
B) They are very rare
C) They do not exist
D) They are the dominant form
  • 30. What environmental requirement distinguishes silver birch from downy birch in cool climates?
A) Demands more winter cold
B) Requires higher moisture levels
C) Demands more summer warmth
D) Requires lower light intensity
  • 31. Which of these is a rejected name that was once applied to Betula pendula?
A) Betula nigra
B) Betula papyrifera
C) Betula alba L.
D) Betula lenta
  • 32. Which geographic region does Betula pendula natively reach in the south?
A) Northern Iran, Iraq, and Turkey
B) Central Australia
C) South Africa
D) Southern Brazil
  • 33. Which family does Betula pendula belong to?
A) Betulaceae
B) Fagaceae
C) Salicaceae
D) Rosaceae
  • 34. How is the bark of the silver birch described when it is young?
A) Dark and rugged
B) Pure white
C) Black and scaly
D) Golden-brown
  • 35. What are the small, sticky structures on young branches called?
A) Thorns
B) Spines
C) Resin warts
D) Glands
  • 36. Are silver birch trees monoecious or dioecious?
A) Dioecious
B) Parthenocarpic
C) Monoecious
D) Hermaphroditic
  • 37. What characterizes the margin of a silver birch leaf?
A) Lobed
B) Entire
C) Doubly serrate
D) Smooth
  • 38. What chemical compound in the bark is noted for medicinal properties?
A) Capsaicin
B) Triterpenes
C) Nicotine
D) Caffeine
  • 39. How many pollen grains can one silver birch catkin produce on average?
A) 1.66 million
B) 500,000
C) 10 million
D) 100,000
  • 40. What type of tree is the silver birch in terms of succession?
A) Understory species
B) Shade-tolerant species
C) Pioneer species
D) Climax species
  • 41. In what season do female catkins develop?
A) Summer
B) Spring
C) Autumn
D) Winter
  • 42. What is the approximate maximum diameter of a silver birch trunk?
A) Over 1 meter
B) Exactly 10 cm
C) Under 40 cm
D) 2 meters
  • 43. Which of these is a known use for silver birch forest products?
A) Silk production
B) Plastic manufacturing
C) Rubber production
D) Plywood
  • 44. In the United States, what is the status of Betula pendula in some states?
A) Endangered
B) Invasive
C) Protected
D) Extinct
  • 45. For which characteristic is the silver birch often planted in gardens?
A) White bark
B) Nut production
C) High fruit yield
D) Deep red leaves
  • 46. Which of the following cities is mentioned as a place where silver birch is planted?
A) Tokyo
B) New York
C) Moscow
D) Los Angeles
  • 47. What is the heartwood color of the silver birch?
A) Light reddish-brown
B) Deep green
C) Dark ebony
D) Bright yellow
  • 48. Which of the following is made from silver birch wood?
A) Boat sails
B) Iron nails
C) Wine barrels
D) Parquet blocks
  • 49. What were strips of birch bark historically used for?
A) Roof support beams
B) Window panes
C) Cooking vessels
D) Bast shoes
  • 50. What was the bark of the silver birch historically used for in addition to handicrafts?
A) Water purification
B) Tanning
C) Making paper
D) Dyeing clothes
  • 51. What is the resin from the bark used for?
A) Waterproof glue
B) Skin lotion
C) Metal polish
D) Food flavoring
  • 52. Who expressed concern for the survival of woodlands due to bark removal?
A) John Muir
B) Charles Darwin
C) Gregor Mendel
D) Carl Linnaeus
  • 53. What is birch brushwood commonly used for?
A) Making paper
B) Building fences
C) Racecourse jumps
D) Animal bedding
  • 54. How can birch sap be processed?
A) Pressed into oil
B) Ground into flour
C) Concentrated by evaporation
D) Dried into crystals
  • 55. What are dead birch twigs useful for?
A) Making furniture
B) Roof shingles
C) Tanning leather
D) Kindling for outdoor fires
  • 56. Which of these is a major component found in the essential oil of Betula pendula buds?
A) Betulin
B) Cellulose
C) Chlorophyll
D) Germacrene D
  • 57. Approximately what percentage of δ-cadinene is found in the essential oil of Betula pendula buds?
A) 15%
B) 20%
C) 10%
D) 13%
  • 58. What is the brand name of the sublingual allergen extract derived from white birch used in Canada?
A) BirchVax
B) Itulatek
C) Betulinum
D) Allergenex
  • 59. Which medical condition is the combination of Betula pendula and Betula pubescens extracts approved to treat in Europe?
A) Epidermolysis bullosa
B) Conjunctivitis
C) Dermatitis
D) Allergic rhinitis
  • 60. What climate requirement is necessary for successful silver birch cultivation?
A) Extreme desert dryness
B) Constant high humidity
C) Occasional winter snowfall
D) Tropical heat year-round
  • 61. What is the Finnish name for the 'Carelica' cultivar?
A) Silveri
B) Visakoivu
C) Betula
D) Puun
  • 62. For what characteristic is 'Carelica' wood prized?
A) Smooth texture
B) Resistance to fire
C) Extreme flexibility
D) Decorative burled appearance
  • 63. Which cultivar is commonly misidentified as 'Dalecarlica'?
A) 'Youngii'
B) 'Purpurea'
C) 'Tristis'
D) 'Laciniata'
  • 64. What is a distinguishing physical feature of the 'Laciniata' cultivar?
A) No central leader
B) Dark purple leaves
C) Smooth gray trunk
D) Deeply incised leaves
  • 65. Which cultivar of Betula pendula is known for having dark purple leaves?
A) 'Purpurea'
B) 'Carelica'
C) 'Tristis'
D) 'Youngii'
  • 66. Which cultivar requires being grafted onto a standard stem of normal silver birch?
A) 'Carelica'
B) 'Purpurea'
C) 'Laciniata'
D) 'Youngii'
  • 67. What organization awards the 'agm' designation to specific cultivars?
A) Canadian Forestry Service
B) European Botanical Union
C) World Forest Council
D) Royal Horticultural Society
  • 68. What is the approximate percentage of α-copaene in the bud essential oil of Betula pendula?
A) 15%
B) 20%
C) 13%
D) 10%
  • 69. What condition might the Itulatek allergen extract treat in addition to allergic rhinitis?
A) Psoriasis
B) Epidermolysis bullosa
C) Asthma
D) Conjunctivitis
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