- 1. Physical metallurgy is a branch of metallurgy that focuses on the relationship between the physical properties of metals and their microstructure. This field encompasses the study of how metals deform, harden, and fail under various conditions, as well as the principles behind alloy design and heat treatment processes. By understanding the underlying physical phenomena at play in metals, physical metallurgists can develop new materials with enhanced properties, optimize manufacturing processes, and improve the performance and reliability of metal components in various applications.
What is the process of forming a new grain structure in a material called?
A) Sintering
B) Recrystallization
C) Solidification
D) Precipitation hardening
- 2. Which metal processing technique involves applying a compressive stress to modify the mechanical properties of a material?
A) Cold working
B) Annealing
C) Quenching
D) Tempering
- 3. Which type of lattice defect increases the material's yield strength by obstructing dislocation movement?
A) Interstitial
B) Grain boundary
C) Stacking fault
D) Vacancy
- 4. What is the process of reducing the grain size in a material to increase its strength called?
A) Recrystallization
B) Sintering
C) Grain refinement
D) Diffusion
- 5. What is the phenomenon where a material under stress deforms permanently called?
A) Brittle fracture
B) Elastic deformation
C) Creep
D) Plastic deformation
- 6. What is the process of heating a material to a specific temperature followed by rapid cooling called?
A) Precipitation hardening
B) Annealing
C) Tempering
D) Quenching
- 7. What is the structure found in steel with a mixture of ferrite and cementite layers called?
A) Pearlite
B) Ferrite
C) Austenite
D) Martensite
- 8. Which parameter affects the strength of a material by impeding the motion of dislocations?
A) Temperature
B) Alloying elements
C) Strain rate
D) Grain size
- 9. What is the process of reheating a previously quenched or hardened metal to a temperature below its lower critical point?
A) Annealing
B) Tempering
C) Solution heat treatment
D) Cold working
- 10. What is the process of heating a material to a specific temperature and then slowly cooling it to alter its properties called?
A) Quenching
B) Tempering
C) Hardening
D) Annealing
- 11. Which of the following is a common technique for surface hardening of metals?
A) Quenching
B) Tempering
C) Annealing
D) Carburizing
- 12. In which type of atomic bonding are valence electrons shared between adjacent atoms?
A) Ionic bonding
B) Covalent bonding
C) Van der Waals bonding
D) Metallic bonding
- 13. What is the term for the process by which a material gains strength and hardness when subjected to controlled heating and cooling cycles?
A) Heat treatment
B) Annealing
C) Quenching
D) Case hardening
- 14. Which type of imperfection in a crystal lattice results in a misalignment of atomic planes?
A) Second-phase particle
B) Twin boundary
C) Grain boundary
D) Dislocation
- 15. What is the term for the ability of a material to deform plastically without fracturing?
A) Toughness
B) Hardness
C) Ductility
D) Brittleness
- 16. What is the phenomenon where a material exhibits different mechanical properties in different crystallographic directions?
A) Isotropy
B) Heterogeneity
C) Polymorphism
D) Anisotropy
- 17. Which parameter measures a material's resistance to indentation or scratching?
A) Toughness
B) Hardness
C) Ductility
D) Elastic modulus
- 18. What does the term 'grain boundary' refer to in metallurgy?
A) The boundary between two different metals
B) A type of crystal defect
C) The interface between two adjacent grains in a metal
D) A specific type of metal alloy
- 19. What is the term for the measure of a material's resistance to fracture when a crack is present?
A) Impact strength
B) Ductility
C) Fatigue strength
D) Fracture toughness
- 20. What is the term for the maximum amount of stress a material can withstand before failure?
A) Yield strength
B) Ultimate tensile strength
C) Fracture toughness
D) Elastic limit
- 21. Which of the following crystal structures is most common in metallic materials?
A) Hexagonal close-packed (HCP)
B) Tetragonal
C) Face-centered cubic (FCC)
D) Body-centered cubic (BCC)
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