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Gharial
Contributed by: Butler
  • 1. What is the scientific name of the Gharial?
A) Melanosuchus niger
B) Gavialis gangeticus
C) Alligator mississippiensis
D) Crocodylus acutus
  • 2. Where is the natural habitat of the Gharial primarily located?
A) Brazil
B) Australia
C) Kenya
D) India
  • 3. What type of diet does the Gharial primarily have?
A) Meat
B) Insects
C) Fruits
D) Fish
  • 4. How many species of Gharial exist in the wild today?
A) 3
B) 1
C) 2
D) 4
  • 5. What is the population status of Gharials in the wild?
A) Endangered
B) Vulnerable
C) Critically Endangered
D) Least Concern
  • 6. How long can Gharials remain submerged underwater?
A) Up to 45 minutes
B) Up to an hour
C) Up to 30 minutes
D) Up to 2 hours
  • 7. How does the Gharial maintain body temperature?
A) Underwater breathing
B) Hibernating
C) Basking in sun
D) Burrowing underground
  • 8. How does the Gharial hunt for its prey?
A) Ambush hunting
B) Scavenging
C) Eagle swoop
D) Chase and catch
  • 9. How does the Gharial communicate with other Gharials?
A) Telepathy
B) Pheromones
C) Mimicking calls of other species
D) Vocalization and body language
  • 10. What is the Gharial's preferred choice of basking sites?
A) Tree branches
B) Rocky outcrops
C) Grassy fields
D) Sandbanks
  • 11. To which family does the gharial belong?
A) Varanidae
B) Crocodylidae
C) Alligatoridae
D) Gavialidae
  • 12. How many sharp teeth do gharials have?
A) 150
B) 80
C) 110
D) 50
  • 13. Where did the gharial probably evolve?
A) Amazon Basin
B) Southeast Asia
C) Northern Indian subcontinent
D) Southern African region
  • 14. When do gharials mate?
A) Throughout the year
B) At the end of the cold season
C) During the monsoon
D) In spring
  • 15. How many eggs can a female gharial lay in her nest?
A) 100–150 eggs
B) 20–95 eggs
C) 5–10 eggs
D) 50–70 eggs
  • 16. When were the oldest known depictions of the gharial found?
A) About 500 years old
B) About 1,000 years old
C) About 4,000 years old
D) About 10,000 years old
  • 17. In which ancient civilization were the oldest depictions of the gharial found?
A) Egyptian
B) Minoan
C) Indus Valley
D) Mesopotamian
  • 18. Which deity's vehicle is the gharial considered to be in Hinduism?
A) War god Kṛṣṇa
B) Wind god Vayu
C) Sun god Surya
D) River deity Gaṅgā
  • 19. What percentage of its historical range does the gharial population currently occupy?
A) 75%
B) Only 2%
C) 90%
D) 50%
  • 20. Who proposed the scientific name Lacerta gangetica in 1789?
A) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
B) Georges Cuvier
C) Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre
D) Carl Linnaeus
  • 21. Which genus did Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider propose for the gharial in 1801?
A) Rhamphostoma
B) Crocodilus longirostris
C) Gavialis
D) Crocodilus arctirostris
  • 22. Who proposed the genus Gavialis in 1811?
A) François Marie Daudin
B) Johann Georg Wagler
C) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
D) Arthur Adams
  • 23. In which year did Georges Cuvier propose the subgroup Longirostres?
A) 1830
B) 1807
C) 1811
D) 1789
  • 24. Who proposed the family name Gavialidae in 1854?
A) John Edward Gray
B) Arthur Adams
C) Richard Lydekker
D) Albert Günther
  • 25. Which naturalist considered the gharial monotypic in 1869?
A) John Edward Gray
B) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
C) Richard Lydekker
D) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
  • 26. What was the name proposed by Richard Lydekker in 1886 based on a fossil skull from the Sivalik Hills?
A) Rhamphostoma
B) Crocodilus gangeticus
C) Gharialis hysudricus
D) Tomistoma schlegelii
  • 27. Which genus did Johann Georg Wagler propose in 1830?
A) Rhamphostoma
B) Gavialis
C) Crocodilus
D) Longirostres
  • 28. What route did the Gavialis use to disperse to Java during the Quaternary?
A) A saltwater crossing route
B) The Siva–Malayan route
C) The Himalayan route
D) An overland migration path
  • 29. Which period do fossil gharial remains in the Ayeyarwady River valley date to?
A) The Pliocene
B) The Eocene
C) The Late Pleistocene
D) The Early Miocene
  • 30. What percentage of similarity in mitochondrial DNA sequences supports the sister taxa view for gharial and false gharial?
A) 94%
B) 80%
C) 100%
D) 60%
  • 31. Which group is the gharial most closely related to according to molecular studies?
A) Nile crocodile
B) The false gharial
C) American alligator
D) Alligatoroids
  • 32. What unique feature do male gharials develop upon reaching sexual maturity?
A) Webbed feet
B) A hollow bulbous nasal protuberance
C) Brightly colored scales
D) Longer tails
  • 33. What is the average weight range for a mature male gharial?
A) 560 kg (1,230 lb)
B) 160 kg (350 lb)
C) 977 kg (2,154 lb)
D) 600–750 kg (1,320–1,650 lb)
  • 34. What sound can male gharials emit using their nasal protuberance?
A) A roaring sound
B) A hissing sound
C) A whistling sound
D) A croaking sound
  • 35. How does the weight of a 4.9 m long gharial compare to a 4.8 m long Nile crocodile?
A) The gharial weighs less, around 560 kg
B) The gharial weighs more, about 680 kg
C) The gharial weighs about 700 kg
D) Both weigh the same
  • 36. What is the length ratio of the adult gharial's snout to the width of its skull base?
A) 2 times longer
B) 3.5 times longer
C) Equal in length
D) 4 times longer
  • 37. What is the color of a gharial's belly?
A) Dark brown
B) Yellowish-white
C) Black
D) Olive-colored
  • 38. By what year was the gharial considered extinct in the Koshi River?
A) 1988
B) 1970
C) 2019
D) 2007
  • 39. What is the estimated global population of gharials as of 2019?
A) 900 individuals
B) 600 individuals
C) 1000 individuals
D) 500 individuals
  • 40. Which sanctuary in Nepal has a small recovering population of gharials?
A) Bardia National Park
B) Valmiki Tiger Reserve
C) Corbett National Park
D) Chitwan National Park
  • 41. How many gharials were released in the Ganges between 2009 and 2012?
A) 300
B) 494
C) 600
D) 700
  • 42. What was the estimated number of mature adults in the Gandaki River section from the Triveni barrage to the confluence with the Ganges?
A) 300 adults
B) 100 adults
C) 196 adults
D) 400 adults
  • 43. How many gharials were recorded in the National Chambal Sanctuary in 1974?
A) 200
B) 107
C) 150
D) 50
  • 44. How many gharials were released in the Son River between 1981 and 2011?
A) 250 captive-reared gharials
B) 100 captive-reared gharials
C) 200 captive-reared gharials
D) 164 captive-reared gharials
  • 45. How many hatchlings were counted at two nesting sites in the Parbati River in 2017?
A) 251
B) 150
C) 300
D) 400
  • 46. What is unique about the gharial's aquatic behavior compared to other crocodilians?
A) It spends more time on land than in water.
B) It is the most thoroughly aquatic crocodilian.
C) It primarily hunts in saltwater environments.
D) It can stay underwater for extended periods without surfacing.
  • 47. When do adult male and female gharials typically associate?
A) During the rainy season.
B) Throughout the year without specific timing.
C) In the early spring.
D) By mid February.
  • 48. Which other crocodilian shares riverine habitat with the gharial?
A) Nile crocodile.
B) American alligator.
C) Saltwater crocodile.
D) The mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris).
  • 49. What type of soil do gharials use to lay their eggs?
A) Sandy soil near water.
B) Clayey soil away from water.
C) Grassy fields.
D) Rocky crevices in riverbanks.
  • 50. What do juvenile gharials use to maneuver fish into their gullets?
A) Use their tails
B) Jerk their heads back
C) Swim in circles around the prey
D) Bite and tear pieces
  • 51. What unusual items have been found in gharial stomachs?
A) Fruits
B) Plastic waste
C) Jewellery
D) Seeds
  • 52. How far do reproductive female gharials move to join breeding groups?
A) 10–20 km (6–12 mi)
B) 500–600 km (310–373 mi)
C) 80–120 km (50–75 mi)
D) 200–300 km (125–186 mi)
  • 53. What triggers female gharials to dig up hatchlings?
A) Temperature change
B) Rainfall
C) Sight of predators
D) Hatching chirps
  • 54. Do captive male gharials participate in guarding nests?
A) No, they generally do not
B) Yes, they always guard the nests
C) Only during mating season
D) They only guard if there are no females present
  • 55. At what age do young gharials change to an adult pattern of locomotion?
A) 12 months
B) 36 months
C) 8–9 months
D) 24 months
  • 56. What is the body length range of gharials at three years?
A) 130–158 cm
B) 34–39.2 cm
C) 169–229 cm
D) 80–116 cm
  • 57. What is the body length range of gharials at 75 months?
A) 169–229 cm
B) 140–167 cm
C) 34–39.2 cm
D) 80–116 cm
  • 58. By how much did the gharial population decline from 1946 to 2006?
A) 96–98%
B) 50–60%
C) 75–80%
D) 85–90%
  • 59. Under which international agreement is the gharial listed?
A) CITES Appendix I
B) Bonn Convention on Migratory Species
C) Montreal Protocol
D) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  • 60. In which year was the Indian Crocodile Conservation Project established?
A) 2004
B) 1982
C) 1975
D) 1991
  • 61. From which zoo was a male gharial flown in to become part of the breeding program?
A) Berlin Zoo
B) Frankfurt Zoological Garden
C) London Zoo
D) San Diego Zoo
  • 62. What was the primary focus of gharial conservation since the late 1970s?
A) Pollution control
B) Habitat destruction
C) Legal protection
D) Reintroduction
  • 63. Which year marked the first confirmed sighting of gharials in Pakistan after a presumed absence?
A) 2004
B) 1998
C) 2017
D) 2023
  • 64. In which year were riverbanks of Girwa river cleared from woody vegetation?
A) 2021
B) 2020
C) 2018
D) 2019
  • 65. How many gharial nests were recorded on the Girwa river stretch in 2020?
A) 36
B) 40
C) 25
D) 30
  • 66. Where were gharial depictions found that date back to the 3rd century BC?
A) Sanchi Stupa
B) Stonehenge
C) Great Wall of China
D) Pyramids of Giza
  • 67. Which book by Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur mentions a gharial sighting?
A) Baburnama
B) Mahabharata
C) Ramayana
D) Arthashastra
  • 68. What local name is given to the gharial in Odia?
A) 'Ghadiala'
B) 'Thantia kumhira'
C) 'Nakar'
D) 'Susar'
  • 69. What does 'thantia' mean in Sanskrit, related to the Odia name for gharial?
A) River, water, flow
B) Sun, light, warmth
C) Tree, leaf, branch
D) Beak, snout, elephant's trunk
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