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Gharial
Contributed by: Butler
  • 1. What is the scientific name of the Gharial?
A) Alligator mississippiensis
B) Melanosuchus niger
C) Gavialis gangeticus
D) Crocodylus acutus
  • 2. Where is the natural habitat of the Gharial primarily located?
A) Australia
B) Kenya
C) India
D) Brazil
  • 3. What type of diet does the Gharial primarily have?
A) Fruits
B) Fish
C) Insects
D) Meat
  • 4. How many species of Gharial exist in the wild today?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
  • 5. What is the population status of Gharials in the wild?
A) Critically Endangered
B) Endangered
C) Least Concern
D) Vulnerable
  • 6. How long can Gharials remain submerged underwater?
A) Up to 30 minutes
B) Up to 2 hours
C) Up to 45 minutes
D) Up to an hour
  • 7. How does the Gharial maintain body temperature?
A) Basking in sun
B) Underwater breathing
C) Hibernating
D) Burrowing underground
  • 8. How does the Gharial hunt for its prey?
A) Chase and catch
B) Eagle swoop
C) Ambush hunting
D) Scavenging
  • 9. How does the Gharial communicate with other Gharials?
A) Telepathy
B) Vocalization and body language
C) Pheromones
D) Mimicking calls of other species
  • 10. What is the Gharial's preferred choice of basking sites?
A) Rocky outcrops
B) Tree branches
C) Grassy fields
D) Sandbanks
  • 11. To which family does the gharial belong?
A) Crocodylidae
B) Varanidae
C) Gavialidae
D) Alligatoridae
  • 12. How many sharp teeth do gharials have?
A) 150
B) 110
C) 50
D) 80
  • 13. Where did the gharial probably evolve?
A) Southern African region
B) Northern Indian subcontinent
C) Amazon Basin
D) Southeast Asia
  • 14. When do gharials mate?
A) At the end of the cold season
B) Throughout the year
C) During the monsoon
D) In spring
  • 15. How many eggs can a female gharial lay in her nest?
A) 100–150 eggs
B) 20–95 eggs
C) 5–10 eggs
D) 50–70 eggs
  • 16. When were the oldest known depictions of the gharial found?
A) About 1,000 years old
B) About 500 years old
C) About 10,000 years old
D) About 4,000 years old
  • 17. In which ancient civilization were the oldest depictions of the gharial found?
A) Mesopotamian
B) Minoan
C) Egyptian
D) Indus Valley
  • 18. Which deity's vehicle is the gharial considered to be in Hinduism?
A) Sun god Surya
B) War god Kṛṣṇa
C) Wind god Vayu
D) River deity Gaṅgā
  • 19. What percentage of its historical range does the gharial population currently occupy?
A) Only 2%
B) 90%
C) 75%
D) 50%
  • 20. Who proposed the scientific name Lacerta gangetica in 1789?
A) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
B) Georges Cuvier
C) Carl Linnaeus
D) Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre
  • 21. Which genus did Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider propose for the gharial in 1801?
A) Crocodilus longirostris
B) Rhamphostoma
C) Crocodilus arctirostris
D) Gavialis
  • 22. Who proposed the genus Gavialis in 1811?
A) François Marie Daudin
B) Johann Georg Wagler
C) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
D) Arthur Adams
  • 23. In which year did Georges Cuvier propose the subgroup Longirostres?
A) 1807
B) 1811
C) 1830
D) 1789
  • 24. Who proposed the family name Gavialidae in 1854?
A) John Edward Gray
B) Albert Günther
C) Arthur Adams
D) Richard Lydekker
  • 25. Which naturalist considered the gharial monotypic in 1869?
A) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
B) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
C) Richard Lydekker
D) John Edward Gray
  • 26. What was the name proposed by Richard Lydekker in 1886 based on a fossil skull from the Sivalik Hills?
A) Rhamphostoma
B) Gharialis hysudricus
C) Crocodilus gangeticus
D) Tomistoma schlegelii
  • 27. Which genus did Johann Georg Wagler propose in 1830?
A) Longirostres
B) Gavialis
C) Rhamphostoma
D) Crocodilus
  • 28. What route did the Gavialis use to disperse to Java during the Quaternary?
A) An overland migration path
B) The Siva–Malayan route
C) A saltwater crossing route
D) The Himalayan route
  • 29. Which period do fossil gharial remains in the Ayeyarwady River valley date to?
A) The Pliocene
B) The Early Miocene
C) The Late Pleistocene
D) The Eocene
  • 30. What percentage of similarity in mitochondrial DNA sequences supports the sister taxa view for gharial and false gharial?
A) 100%
B) 60%
C) 80%
D) 94%
  • 31. Which group is the gharial most closely related to according to molecular studies?
A) Alligatoroids
B) The false gharial
C) American alligator
D) Nile crocodile
  • 32. What unique feature do male gharials develop upon reaching sexual maturity?
A) Brightly colored scales
B) Longer tails
C) A hollow bulbous nasal protuberance
D) Webbed feet
  • 33. What is the average weight range for a mature male gharial?
A) 160 kg (350 lb)
B) 977 kg (2,154 lb)
C) 560 kg (1,230 lb)
D) 600–750 kg (1,320–1,650 lb)
  • 34. What sound can male gharials emit using their nasal protuberance?
A) A roaring sound
B) A croaking sound
C) A whistling sound
D) A hissing sound
  • 35. How does the weight of a 4.9 m long gharial compare to a 4.8 m long Nile crocodile?
A) The gharial weighs about 700 kg
B) The gharial weighs more, about 680 kg
C) The gharial weighs less, around 560 kg
D) Both weigh the same
  • 36. What is the length ratio of the adult gharial's snout to the width of its skull base?
A) 2 times longer
B) 4 times longer
C) 3.5 times longer
D) Equal in length
  • 37. What is the color of a gharial's belly?
A) Olive-colored
B) Dark brown
C) Yellowish-white
D) Black
  • 38. By what year was the gharial considered extinct in the Koshi River?
A) 1970
B) 2007
C) 1988
D) 2019
  • 39. What is the estimated global population of gharials as of 2019?
A) 1000 individuals
B) 500 individuals
C) 600 individuals
D) 900 individuals
  • 40. Which sanctuary in Nepal has a small recovering population of gharials?
A) Bardia National Park
B) Chitwan National Park
C) Valmiki Tiger Reserve
D) Corbett National Park
  • 41. How many gharials were released in the Ganges between 2009 and 2012?
A) 600
B) 494
C) 700
D) 300
  • 42. What was the estimated number of mature adults in the Gandaki River section from the Triveni barrage to the confluence with the Ganges?
A) 196 adults
B) 100 adults
C) 400 adults
D) 300 adults
  • 43. How many gharials were recorded in the National Chambal Sanctuary in 1974?
A) 107
B) 150
C) 50
D) 200
  • 44. How many gharials were released in the Son River between 1981 and 2011?
A) 100 captive-reared gharials
B) 164 captive-reared gharials
C) 250 captive-reared gharials
D) 200 captive-reared gharials
  • 45. How many hatchlings were counted at two nesting sites in the Parbati River in 2017?
A) 150
B) 400
C) 251
D) 300
  • 46. What is unique about the gharial's aquatic behavior compared to other crocodilians?
A) It primarily hunts in saltwater environments.
B) It is the most thoroughly aquatic crocodilian.
C) It can stay underwater for extended periods without surfacing.
D) It spends more time on land than in water.
  • 47. When do adult male and female gharials typically associate?
A) In the early spring.
B) Throughout the year without specific timing.
C) During the rainy season.
D) By mid February.
  • 48. Which other crocodilian shares riverine habitat with the gharial?
A) American alligator.
B) Saltwater crocodile.
C) The mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris).
D) Nile crocodile.
  • 49. What type of soil do gharials use to lay their eggs?
A) Sandy soil near water.
B) Rocky crevices in riverbanks.
C) Grassy fields.
D) Clayey soil away from water.
  • 50. What do juvenile gharials use to maneuver fish into their gullets?
A) Jerk their heads back
B) Use their tails
C) Swim in circles around the prey
D) Bite and tear pieces
  • 51. What unusual items have been found in gharial stomachs?
A) Seeds
B) Plastic waste
C) Jewellery
D) Fruits
  • 52. How far do reproductive female gharials move to join breeding groups?
A) 200–300 km (125–186 mi)
B) 10–20 km (6–12 mi)
C) 500–600 km (310–373 mi)
D) 80–120 km (50–75 mi)
  • 53. What triggers female gharials to dig up hatchlings?
A) Sight of predators
B) Rainfall
C) Temperature change
D) Hatching chirps
  • 54. Do captive male gharials participate in guarding nests?
A) They only guard if there are no females present
B) No, they generally do not
C) Only during mating season
D) Yes, they always guard the nests
  • 55. At what age do young gharials change to an adult pattern of locomotion?
A) 12 months
B) 24 months
C) 8–9 months
D) 36 months
  • 56. What is the body length range of gharials at three years?
A) 80–116 cm
B) 130–158 cm
C) 34–39.2 cm
D) 169–229 cm
  • 57. What is the body length range of gharials at 75 months?
A) 140–167 cm
B) 34–39.2 cm
C) 169–229 cm
D) 80–116 cm
  • 58. By how much did the gharial population decline from 1946 to 2006?
A) 85–90%
B) 50–60%
C) 75–80%
D) 96–98%
  • 59. Under which international agreement is the gharial listed?
A) CITES Appendix I
B) Bonn Convention on Migratory Species
C) Montreal Protocol
D) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  • 60. In which year was the Indian Crocodile Conservation Project established?
A) 1975
B) 1991
C) 1982
D) 2004
  • 61. From which zoo was a male gharial flown in to become part of the breeding program?
A) London Zoo
B) Frankfurt Zoological Garden
C) San Diego Zoo
D) Berlin Zoo
  • 62. What was the primary focus of gharial conservation since the late 1970s?
A) Habitat destruction
B) Reintroduction
C) Pollution control
D) Legal protection
  • 63. Which year marked the first confirmed sighting of gharials in Pakistan after a presumed absence?
A) 2023
B) 2017
C) 2004
D) 1998
  • 64. In which year were riverbanks of Girwa river cleared from woody vegetation?
A) 2019
B) 2021
C) 2020
D) 2018
  • 65. How many gharial nests were recorded on the Girwa river stretch in 2020?
A) 30
B) 40
C) 25
D) 36
  • 66. Where were gharial depictions found that date back to the 3rd century BC?
A) Pyramids of Giza
B) Great Wall of China
C) Sanchi Stupa
D) Stonehenge
  • 67. Which book by Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur mentions a gharial sighting?
A) Mahabharata
B) Ramayana
C) Baburnama
D) Arthashastra
  • 68. What local name is given to the gharial in Odia?
A) 'Thantia kumhira'
B) 'Susar'
C) 'Ghadiala'
D) 'Nakar'
  • 69. What does 'thantia' mean in Sanskrit, related to the Odia name for gharial?
A) Beak, snout, elephant's trunk
B) Sun, light, warmth
C) River, water, flow
D) Tree, leaf, branch
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