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Gharial
Contributed by: Butler
  • 1. What is the scientific name of the Gharial?
A) Crocodylus acutus
B) Gavialis gangeticus
C) Melanosuchus niger
D) Alligator mississippiensis
  • 2. Where is the natural habitat of the Gharial primarily located?
A) Brazil
B) India
C) Australia
D) Kenya
  • 3. What type of diet does the Gharial primarily have?
A) Insects
B) Fruits
C) Fish
D) Meat
  • 4. How many species of Gharial exist in the wild today?
A) 4
B) 2
C) 3
D) 1
  • 5. What is the population status of Gharials in the wild?
A) Vulnerable
B) Critically Endangered
C) Endangered
D) Least Concern
  • 6. How long can Gharials remain submerged underwater?
A) Up to 30 minutes
B) Up to 2 hours
C) Up to 45 minutes
D) Up to an hour
  • 7. How does the Gharial maintain body temperature?
A) Basking in sun
B) Underwater breathing
C) Burrowing underground
D) Hibernating
  • 8. How does the Gharial hunt for its prey?
A) Chase and catch
B) Ambush hunting
C) Eagle swoop
D) Scavenging
  • 9. How does the Gharial communicate with other Gharials?
A) Mimicking calls of other species
B) Pheromones
C) Telepathy
D) Vocalization and body language
  • 10. What is the Gharial's preferred choice of basking sites?
A) Grassy fields
B) Rocky outcrops
C) Tree branches
D) Sandbanks
  • 11. To which family does the gharial belong?
A) Crocodylidae
B) Alligatoridae
C) Gavialidae
D) Varanidae
  • 12. How many sharp teeth do gharials have?
A) 110
B) 80
C) 50
D) 150
  • 13. Where did the gharial probably evolve?
A) Amazon Basin
B) Southeast Asia
C) Southern African region
D) Northern Indian subcontinent
  • 14. When do gharials mate?
A) In spring
B) At the end of the cold season
C) During the monsoon
D) Throughout the year
  • 15. How many eggs can a female gharial lay in her nest?
A) 20–95 eggs
B) 5–10 eggs
C) 50–70 eggs
D) 100–150 eggs
  • 16. When were the oldest known depictions of the gharial found?
A) About 4,000 years old
B) About 10,000 years old
C) About 1,000 years old
D) About 500 years old
  • 17. In which ancient civilization were the oldest depictions of the gharial found?
A) Egyptian
B) Minoan
C) Mesopotamian
D) Indus Valley
  • 18. Which deity's vehicle is the gharial considered to be in Hinduism?
A) River deity Gaṅgā
B) Wind god Vayu
C) Sun god Surya
D) War god Kṛṣṇa
  • 19. What percentage of its historical range does the gharial population currently occupy?
A) Only 2%
B) 50%
C) 90%
D) 75%
  • 20. Who proposed the scientific name Lacerta gangetica in 1789?
A) Carl Linnaeus
B) Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre
C) Georges Cuvier
D) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
  • 21. Which genus did Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider propose for the gharial in 1801?
A) Crocodilus arctirostris
B) Gavialis
C) Rhamphostoma
D) Crocodilus longirostris
  • 22. Who proposed the genus Gavialis in 1811?
A) Johann Georg Wagler
B) Arthur Adams
C) François Marie Daudin
D) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
  • 23. In which year did Georges Cuvier propose the subgroup Longirostres?
A) 1830
B) 1807
C) 1789
D) 1811
  • 24. Who proposed the family name Gavialidae in 1854?
A) Albert Günther
B) Richard Lydekker
C) John Edward Gray
D) Arthur Adams
  • 25. Which naturalist considered the gharial monotypic in 1869?
A) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
B) John Edward Gray
C) Richard Lydekker
D) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
  • 26. What was the name proposed by Richard Lydekker in 1886 based on a fossil skull from the Sivalik Hills?
A) Rhamphostoma
B) Gharialis hysudricus
C) Tomistoma schlegelii
D) Crocodilus gangeticus
  • 27. Which genus did Johann Georg Wagler propose in 1830?
A) Rhamphostoma
B) Crocodilus
C) Longirostres
D) Gavialis
  • 28. How many gharials were released in the Ganges between 2009 and 2012?
A) 494
B) 700
C) 300
D) 600
  • 29. Which other crocodilian shares riverine habitat with the gharial?
A) American alligator.
B) Saltwater crocodile.
C) The mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris).
D) Nile crocodile.
  • 30. What type of soil do gharials use to lay their eggs?
A) Clayey soil away from water.
B) Grassy fields.
C) Rocky crevices in riverbanks.
D) Sandy soil near water.
  • 31. What is the estimated global population of gharials as of 2019?
A) 900 individuals
B) 600 individuals
C) 500 individuals
D) 1000 individuals
  • 32. What is the color of a gharial's belly?
A) Dark brown
B) Olive-colored
C) Yellowish-white
D) Black
  • 33. What route did the Gavialis use to disperse to Java during the Quaternary?
A) The Himalayan route
B) An overland migration path
C) A saltwater crossing route
D) The Siva–Malayan route
  • 34. What do juvenile gharials use to maneuver fish into their gullets?
A) Bite and tear pieces
B) Use their tails
C) Swim in circles around the prey
D) Jerk their heads back
  • 35. At what age do young gharials change to an adult pattern of locomotion?
A) 36 months
B) 12 months
C) 8–9 months
D) 24 months
  • 36. Which book by Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur mentions a gharial sighting?
A) Ramayana
B) Baburnama
C) Mahabharata
D) Arthashastra
  • 37. What triggers female gharials to dig up hatchlings?
A) Temperature change
B) Hatching chirps
C) Sight of predators
D) Rainfall
  • 38. What local name is given to the gharial in Odia?
A) 'Thantia kumhira'
B) 'Ghadiala'
C) 'Nakar'
D) 'Susar'
  • 39. Do captive male gharials participate in guarding nests?
A) Yes, they always guard the nests
B) They only guard if there are no females present
C) Only during mating season
D) No, they generally do not
  • 40. What is unique about the gharial's aquatic behavior compared to other crocodilians?
A) It primarily hunts in saltwater environments.
B) It spends more time on land than in water.
C) It can stay underwater for extended periods without surfacing.
D) It is the most thoroughly aquatic crocodilian.
  • 41. What sound can male gharials emit using their nasal protuberance?
A) A croaking sound
B) A whistling sound
C) A hissing sound
D) A roaring sound
  • 42. What is the length ratio of the adult gharial's snout to the width of its skull base?
A) 2 times longer
B) 4 times longer
C) 3.5 times longer
D) Equal in length
  • 43. What unusual items have been found in gharial stomachs?
A) Plastic waste
B) Jewellery
C) Fruits
D) Seeds
  • 44. By what year was the gharial considered extinct in the Koshi River?
A) 2007
B) 2019
C) 1970
D) 1988
  • 45. What is the body length range of gharials at three years?
A) 80–116 cm
B) 130–158 cm
C) 34–39.2 cm
D) 169–229 cm
  • 46. How many hatchlings were counted at two nesting sites in the Parbati River in 2017?
A) 251
B) 300
C) 150
D) 400
  • 47. In which year was the Indian Crocodile Conservation Project established?
A) 1991
B) 2004
C) 1975
D) 1982
  • 48. Which group is the gharial most closely related to according to molecular studies?
A) American alligator
B) Nile crocodile
C) The false gharial
D) Alligatoroids
  • 49. When do adult male and female gharials typically associate?
A) Throughout the year without specific timing.
B) In the early spring.
C) By mid February.
D) During the rainy season.
  • 50. What was the primary focus of gharial conservation since the late 1970s?
A) Reintroduction
B) Habitat destruction
C) Legal protection
D) Pollution control
  • 51. Where were gharial depictions found that date back to the 3rd century BC?
A) Sanchi Stupa
B) Great Wall of China
C) Stonehenge
D) Pyramids of Giza
  • 52. What was the estimated number of mature adults in the Gandaki River section from the Triveni barrage to the confluence with the Ganges?
A) 100 adults
B) 300 adults
C) 400 adults
D) 196 adults
  • 53. How far do reproductive female gharials move to join breeding groups?
A) 200–300 km (125–186 mi)
B) 500–600 km (310–373 mi)
C) 10–20 km (6–12 mi)
D) 80–120 km (50–75 mi)
  • 54. How many gharials were recorded in the National Chambal Sanctuary in 1974?
A) 50
B) 150
C) 107
D) 200
  • 55. By how much did the gharial population decline from 1946 to 2006?
A) 50–60%
B) 75–80%
C) 85–90%
D) 96–98%
  • 56. What is the body length range of gharials at 75 months?
A) 34–39.2 cm
B) 140–167 cm
C) 80–116 cm
D) 169–229 cm
  • 57. What percentage of similarity in mitochondrial DNA sequences supports the sister taxa view for gharial and false gharial?
A) 100%
B) 80%
C) 94%
D) 60%
  • 58. Which year marked the first confirmed sighting of gharials in Pakistan after a presumed absence?
A) 1998
B) 2023
C) 2004
D) 2017
  • 59. From which zoo was a male gharial flown in to become part of the breeding program?
A) San Diego Zoo
B) Frankfurt Zoological Garden
C) Berlin Zoo
D) London Zoo
  • 60. Which period do fossil gharial remains in the Ayeyarwady River valley date to?
A) The Pliocene
B) The Late Pleistocene
C) The Early Miocene
D) The Eocene
  • 61. Under which international agreement is the gharial listed?
A) CITES Appendix I
B) Montreal Protocol
C) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
D) Bonn Convention on Migratory Species
  • 62. What does 'thantia' mean in Sanskrit, related to the Odia name for gharial?
A) Tree, leaf, branch
B) Beak, snout, elephant's trunk
C) River, water, flow
D) Sun, light, warmth
  • 63. How does the weight of a 4.9 m long gharial compare to a 4.8 m long Nile crocodile?
A) The gharial weighs less, around 560 kg
B) Both weigh the same
C) The gharial weighs about 700 kg
D) The gharial weighs more, about 680 kg
  • 64. In which year were riverbanks of Girwa river cleared from woody vegetation?
A) 2021
B) 2018
C) 2019
D) 2020
  • 65. How many gharials were released in the Son River between 1981 and 2011?
A) 164 captive-reared gharials
B) 250 captive-reared gharials
C) 100 captive-reared gharials
D) 200 captive-reared gharials
  • 66. What unique feature do male gharials develop upon reaching sexual maturity?
A) A hollow bulbous nasal protuberance
B) Webbed feet
C) Brightly colored scales
D) Longer tails
  • 67. How many gharial nests were recorded on the Girwa river stretch in 2020?
A) 25
B) 30
C) 36
D) 40
  • 68. What is the average weight range for a mature male gharial?
A) 600–750 kg (1,320–1,650 lb)
B) 160 kg (350 lb)
C) 560 kg (1,230 lb)
D) 977 kg (2,154 lb)
  • 69. Which sanctuary in Nepal has a small recovering population of gharials?
A) Corbett National Park
B) Valmiki Tiger Reserve
C) Chitwan National Park
D) Bardia National Park
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