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Gharial
Contributed by: Butler
  • 1. What is the scientific name of the Gharial?
A) Melanosuchus niger
B) Crocodylus acutus
C) Gavialis gangeticus
D) Alligator mississippiensis
  • 2. Where is the natural habitat of the Gharial primarily located?
A) India
B) Australia
C) Brazil
D) Kenya
  • 3. What type of diet does the Gharial primarily have?
A) Insects
B) Fruits
C) Fish
D) Meat
  • 4. How many species of Gharial exist in the wild today?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 1
D) 4
  • 5. What is the population status of Gharials in the wild?
A) Vulnerable
B) Critically Endangered
C) Endangered
D) Least Concern
  • 6. How long can Gharials remain submerged underwater?
A) Up to 2 hours
B) Up to 45 minutes
C) Up to an hour
D) Up to 30 minutes
  • 7. How does the Gharial maintain body temperature?
A) Basking in sun
B) Hibernating
C) Burrowing underground
D) Underwater breathing
  • 8. How does the Gharial hunt for its prey?
A) Chase and catch
B) Scavenging
C) Ambush hunting
D) Eagle swoop
  • 9. How does the Gharial communicate with other Gharials?
A) Telepathy
B) Vocalization and body language
C) Pheromones
D) Mimicking calls of other species
  • 10. What is the Gharial's preferred choice of basking sites?
A) Sandbanks
B) Grassy fields
C) Tree branches
D) Rocky outcrops
  • 11. To which family does the gharial belong?
A) Alligatoridae
B) Gavialidae
C) Crocodylidae
D) Varanidae
  • 12. How many sharp teeth do gharials have?
A) 150
B) 80
C) 50
D) 110
  • 13. Where did the gharial probably evolve?
A) Amazon Basin
B) Southeast Asia
C) Southern African region
D) Northern Indian subcontinent
  • 14. When do gharials mate?
A) During the monsoon
B) In spring
C) At the end of the cold season
D) Throughout the year
  • 15. How many eggs can a female gharial lay in her nest?
A) 5–10 eggs
B) 100–150 eggs
C) 20–95 eggs
D) 50–70 eggs
  • 16. When were the oldest known depictions of the gharial found?
A) About 1,000 years old
B) About 4,000 years old
C) About 10,000 years old
D) About 500 years old
  • 17. In which ancient civilization were the oldest depictions of the gharial found?
A) Minoan
B) Mesopotamian
C) Egyptian
D) Indus Valley
  • 18. Which deity's vehicle is the gharial considered to be in Hinduism?
A) Sun god Surya
B) Wind god Vayu
C) War god Kṛṣṇa
D) River deity Gaṅgā
  • 19. What percentage of its historical range does the gharial population currently occupy?
A) 75%
B) 90%
C) 50%
D) Only 2%
  • 20. Who proposed the scientific name Lacerta gangetica in 1789?
A) Carl Linnaeus
B) Pierre Joseph Bonnaterre
C) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
D) Georges Cuvier
  • 21. Which genus did Johann Gottlob Theaenus Schneider propose for the gharial in 1801?
A) Crocodilus arctirostris
B) Rhamphostoma
C) Gavialis
D) Crocodilus longirostris
  • 22. Who proposed the genus Gavialis in 1811?
A) François Marie Daudin
B) Johann Georg Wagler
C) Arthur Adams
D) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
  • 23. In which year did Georges Cuvier propose the subgroup Longirostres?
A) 1811
B) 1807
C) 1789
D) 1830
  • 24. Who proposed the family name Gavialidae in 1854?
A) Richard Lydekker
B) John Edward Gray
C) Arthur Adams
D) Albert Günther
  • 25. Which naturalist considered the gharial monotypic in 1869?
A) Richard Lydekker
B) Johann Friedrich Gmelin
C) Nicolaus Michael Oppel
D) John Edward Gray
  • 26. What was the name proposed by Richard Lydekker in 1886 based on a fossil skull from the Sivalik Hills?
A) Gharialis hysudricus
B) Tomistoma schlegelii
C) Crocodilus gangeticus
D) Rhamphostoma
  • 27. Which genus did Johann Georg Wagler propose in 1830?
A) Crocodilus
B) Gavialis
C) Longirostres
D) Rhamphostoma
  • 28. How many gharials were released in the Ganges between 2009 and 2012?
A) 494
B) 600
C) 300
D) 700
  • 29. Which other crocodilian shares riverine habitat with the gharial?
A) The mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris).
B) American alligator.
C) Nile crocodile.
D) Saltwater crocodile.
  • 30. What type of soil do gharials use to lay their eggs?
A) Rocky crevices in riverbanks.
B) Sandy soil near water.
C) Clayey soil away from water.
D) Grassy fields.
  • 31. What is the estimated global population of gharials as of 2019?
A) 1000 individuals
B) 500 individuals
C) 600 individuals
D) 900 individuals
  • 32. What is the color of a gharial's belly?
A) Yellowish-white
B) Black
C) Dark brown
D) Olive-colored
  • 33. What route did the Gavialis use to disperse to Java during the Quaternary?
A) The Himalayan route
B) The Siva–Malayan route
C) A saltwater crossing route
D) An overland migration path
  • 34. What do juvenile gharials use to maneuver fish into their gullets?
A) Bite and tear pieces
B) Jerk their heads back
C) Swim in circles around the prey
D) Use their tails
  • 35. At what age do young gharials change to an adult pattern of locomotion?
A) 8–9 months
B) 24 months
C) 36 months
D) 12 months
  • 36. Which book by Zahir-ud-din Muhammad Babur mentions a gharial sighting?
A) Mahabharata
B) Arthashastra
C) Baburnama
D) Ramayana
  • 37. What triggers female gharials to dig up hatchlings?
A) Sight of predators
B) Hatching chirps
C) Rainfall
D) Temperature change
  • 38. What local name is given to the gharial in Odia?
A) 'Ghadiala'
B) 'Thantia kumhira'
C) 'Nakar'
D) 'Susar'
  • 39. Do captive male gharials participate in guarding nests?
A) They only guard if there are no females present
B) Only during mating season
C) Yes, they always guard the nests
D) No, they generally do not
  • 40. What is unique about the gharial's aquatic behavior compared to other crocodilians?
A) It spends more time on land than in water.
B) It primarily hunts in saltwater environments.
C) It is the most thoroughly aquatic crocodilian.
D) It can stay underwater for extended periods without surfacing.
  • 41. What sound can male gharials emit using their nasal protuberance?
A) A croaking sound
B) A roaring sound
C) A hissing sound
D) A whistling sound
  • 42. What is the length ratio of the adult gharial's snout to the width of its skull base?
A) 4 times longer
B) Equal in length
C) 2 times longer
D) 3.5 times longer
  • 43. What unusual items have been found in gharial stomachs?
A) Seeds
B) Fruits
C) Plastic waste
D) Jewellery
  • 44. By what year was the gharial considered extinct in the Koshi River?
A) 1988
B) 2007
C) 2019
D) 1970
  • 45. What is the body length range of gharials at three years?
A) 130–158 cm
B) 34–39.2 cm
C) 80–116 cm
D) 169–229 cm
  • 46. How many hatchlings were counted at two nesting sites in the Parbati River in 2017?
A) 400
B) 251
C) 300
D) 150
  • 47. In which year was the Indian Crocodile Conservation Project established?
A) 1975
B) 2004
C) 1982
D) 1991
  • 48. Which group is the gharial most closely related to according to molecular studies?
A) Alligatoroids
B) American alligator
C) Nile crocodile
D) The false gharial
  • 49. When do adult male and female gharials typically associate?
A) By mid February.
B) Throughout the year without specific timing.
C) In the early spring.
D) During the rainy season.
  • 50. What was the primary focus of gharial conservation since the late 1970s?
A) Pollution control
B) Habitat destruction
C) Reintroduction
D) Legal protection
  • 51. Where were gharial depictions found that date back to the 3rd century BC?
A) Sanchi Stupa
B) Pyramids of Giza
C) Great Wall of China
D) Stonehenge
  • 52. What was the estimated number of mature adults in the Gandaki River section from the Triveni barrage to the confluence with the Ganges?
A) 100 adults
B) 300 adults
C) 196 adults
D) 400 adults
  • 53. How far do reproductive female gharials move to join breeding groups?
A) 500–600 km (310–373 mi)
B) 80–120 km (50–75 mi)
C) 200–300 km (125–186 mi)
D) 10–20 km (6–12 mi)
  • 54. How many gharials were recorded in the National Chambal Sanctuary in 1974?
A) 107
B) 200
C) 150
D) 50
  • 55. By how much did the gharial population decline from 1946 to 2006?
A) 75–80%
B) 85–90%
C) 96–98%
D) 50–60%
  • 56. What is the body length range of gharials at 75 months?
A) 169–229 cm
B) 140–167 cm
C) 80–116 cm
D) 34–39.2 cm
  • 57. What percentage of similarity in mitochondrial DNA sequences supports the sister taxa view for gharial and false gharial?
A) 94%
B) 80%
C) 60%
D) 100%
  • 58. Which year marked the first confirmed sighting of gharials in Pakistan after a presumed absence?
A) 2023
B) 1998
C) 2017
D) 2004
  • 59. From which zoo was a male gharial flown in to become part of the breeding program?
A) San Diego Zoo
B) Berlin Zoo
C) Frankfurt Zoological Garden
D) London Zoo
  • 60. Which period do fossil gharial remains in the Ayeyarwady River valley date to?
A) The Late Pleistocene
B) The Eocene
C) The Pliocene
D) The Early Miocene
  • 61. Under which international agreement is the gharial listed?
A) CITES Appendix I
B) Bonn Convention on Migratory Species
C) Montreal Protocol
D) IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
  • 62. What does 'thantia' mean in Sanskrit, related to the Odia name for gharial?
A) River, water, flow
B) Beak, snout, elephant's trunk
C) Tree, leaf, branch
D) Sun, light, warmth
  • 63. How does the weight of a 4.9 m long gharial compare to a 4.8 m long Nile crocodile?
A) Both weigh the same
B) The gharial weighs about 700 kg
C) The gharial weighs less, around 560 kg
D) The gharial weighs more, about 680 kg
  • 64. In which year were riverbanks of Girwa river cleared from woody vegetation?
A) 2018
B) 2021
C) 2020
D) 2019
  • 65. How many gharials were released in the Son River between 1981 and 2011?
A) 164 captive-reared gharials
B) 100 captive-reared gharials
C) 250 captive-reared gharials
D) 200 captive-reared gharials
  • 66. What unique feature do male gharials develop upon reaching sexual maturity?
A) A hollow bulbous nasal protuberance
B) Longer tails
C) Brightly colored scales
D) Webbed feet
  • 67. How many gharial nests were recorded on the Girwa river stretch in 2020?
A) 40
B) 25
C) 30
D) 36
  • 68. What is the average weight range for a mature male gharial?
A) 600–750 kg (1,320–1,650 lb)
B) 160 kg (350 lb)
C) 560 kg (1,230 lb)
D) 977 kg (2,154 lb)
  • 69. Which sanctuary in Nepal has a small recovering population of gharials?
A) Bardia National Park
B) Valmiki Tiger Reserve
C) Corbett National Park
D) Chitwan National Park
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