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How to Identify and Classify Millipedes
Contributed by: Wallis
  • 1. What class do millipedes belong to?
A) Diplopoda
B) Insecta
C) Chilopoda
D) Arachnida
  • 2. A key characteristic of millipedes is having how many legs per body segment?
A) Three pairs
B) Two pairs
C) None
D) One pair
  • 3. The term 'Diplopoda' refers to what?
A) Hundred legs
B) Double foot
C) Armored body
D) Many eyes
  • 4. Millipedes are primarily what type of feeders?
A) Parasites
B) Detritivores
C) Herbivores
D) Carnivores
  • 5. The hard outer covering of a millipede is called?
A) Exoskeleton
B) Integument
C) Cuticle
D) Endoskeleton
  • 6. What is the function of repugnatorial glands in some millipedes?
A) Digestion
B) Reproduction
C) Respiration
D) Defense
  • 7. What is the first segment behind the head called?
A) Telson
B) Cephalothorax
C) Collum
D) Pygidium
  • 8. What is the primary habitat of most millipedes?
A) Deserts
B) Arctic regions
C) Moist environments
D) Aquatic environments
  • 9. Millipedes breathe through which structures?
A) Lungs
B) Gills
C) Spiracles
D) Skin
  • 10. What term describes the shedding of the exoskeleton?
A) Estivation
B) Molting
C) Metamorphosis
D) Hibernation
  • 11. Which body part is used for identifying orders and species?
A) Antennae
B) Gonopods
C) Legs
D) Eyes
  • 12. Which order is characterized by having lateral keels?
A) Spirostreptida
B) Glomerida
C) Spirobolida
D) Polydesmida
  • 13. Which order of millipedes are known for their ability to roll into a ball?
A) Spirobolida
B) Glomerida
C) Polydesmida
D) Julida
  • 14. What is the function of ozopores?
A) Sensing the environment
B) Grasping food
C) Secretion of defensive fluids
D) Respiration
  • 15. The number of segments in a millipede body is generally what?
A) Fixed at 10
B) Variable
C) Fixed at 30
D) Fixed at 100
  • 16. Which order of millipedes often have cylindrical bodies?
A) Platydesmida
B) Glomerida
C) Polydesmida
D) Spirobolida
  • 17. Which type of microscope is commonly used for examining millipede genitalia?
A) Compound microscope
B) Darkfield microscope
C) Electron microscope
D) Stereo microscope
  • 18. Which feature is MOST important for accurate millipede classification?
A) Number of legs
B) Gonopod morphology
C) Body color
D) Habitat
  • 19. What does the term 'aposematic coloration' refer to?
A) Mimicry
B) Warning coloration
C) Sexual dimorphism
D) Camouflage
  • 20. Where are repugnatorial glands typically located?
A) On the head
B) Along the body segments
C) At the tail
D) On the legs
  • 21. What is the primary role of millipedes in the ecosystem?
A) Predation
B) Parasitism
C) Decomposition
D) Pollination
  • 22. What is a common defense mechanism of flat-backed millipedes (Polydesmida)?
A) Fast running
B) Biting
C) Secretion of noxious chemicals
D) Rolling into a ball
  • 23. Which feature is NOT helpful for identifying millipede species?
A) Habitat
B) Gonopod structure
C) Number of ocelli
D) Body segment shape
  • 24. What is the function of Tömösváry organs?
A) Humidity sensing
B) Chemical sensing
C) Light sensing
D) Sound sensing
  • 25. What is the approximate lifespan of most millipede species?
A) A few months
B) Several years
C) A few weeks
D) A few days
  • 26. Which continent has the highest millipede diversity?
A) Europe
B) North America
C) Africa
D) Asia
  • 27. What is the function of the gnathochilarium?
A) Sensory organs
B) Reproductive organs
C) Mouthparts
D) Defensive glands
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