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Criminological Research 1&2
Contributed by: Asma
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) After you data analysis
B) After the conduct of your research
C) Upon the order of your research professor
D) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
B) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
C) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
D) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
B) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
C) According to Manalo (2019),...
D) (Manalo, 2019)
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Literature’s year of market sold
B) Book title
C) Page Number
D) Secondary citation
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
B) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
C) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
D) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) Keep it up.
B) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
C) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
D) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Times New Roman
B) Arial
C) Calibri
D) Any of the forgoing
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) None of them are correct.
B) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
C) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
D) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Psychological Association
B) American Physical Application
C) American Physiological Association
D) American Psychological Associative
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) The first statement is true while the latter is false
B) Both statements are false
C) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
D) Both statements are true
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) true
B) Yes
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Identifying a research problem
B) Writing a conclusion
C) Data analysis
D) Making recommendations
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Opinion-based
B) Random
C) Biased
D) Systematic
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Clear and concise
B) Long and complicated
C) Ambiguous
D) Emotional
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Theory
B) Problem
C) Variable
D) Hypothesis
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 3
B) Chapter 1
C) Chapter 5
D) Chapter 2
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Watching videos
B) Conducting surveys
C) Reading textbooks
D) Googling
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Systematic sampling
B) Cluster sampling
C) Systematic sampling
D) Random sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Classifying
B) Coding
C) Editing
D) Hypothesizing
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Results
B) Abstract
C) Chapter 2
D) Which section includes the research questions?
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Interview
B) Letters
C) Statistical software
D) Maps
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 4
B) Chapter 3
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 5
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Coding
B) Ranking
C) Sorting
D) Aligning
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Produces consistent results
B) Gives random answers
C) Cannot be tested
D) Changes often
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Correct answers
B) Sampling
C) Harm to participants
D) Accurate data
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Guessing
B) Established theories
C) Random ideas
D) Personal belief
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Observation
B) Fiction writing
C) Survey
D) Interview
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Abstract
B) Bibliography
C) Introduction
D) Appendix
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Cluster
B) Hypothesis
C) Sample
D) Universe
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Exploratory
B) Causal
C) Historical
D) Descriptive
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Descriptive
B) Experimental
C) Exploratory
D) Quasi-experimental
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Appendix
B) Chapter 2
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 4
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Range
B) Variance
C) Mean
D) Mode
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Frequency distribution
B) Theory chart
C) Graph
D) Appendix
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Hypothesis
B) Survey
C) Observation
D) Case study
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Qualitative research
B) Descriptive research
C) Experimental research
D) Narrative research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Hide results
B) Respect privacy
C) Fabricate data
D) Force respondents to answer
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Variable
B) Conclusion
C) Framework
D) Instrument
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Tables
B) Participants
C) Books and sources used
D) Questions
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Theories
B) Recommendations
C) Values and categories
D) Literature
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Accepted
B) Ignored
C) Weak
D) Useless
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Questionnaire
B) Framework
C) Instrument panel
D) Appendix
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Quantitative
B) Qualitative
C) Exploratory
D) Historical
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Discussion
B) Results
C) Review of literature
D) Methodology
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Systematic sample
B) Random sample
C) Convenience sample
D) Stratified sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Experimental
B) Qualitative
C) Correlational
D) Quantitative
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Punish offenders
B) Entertain readers
C) Guess about crimes
D) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
B) Copying old ideas
C) Reading books
D) Random investigation
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Research problem
B) Theory
C) Hypothesis
D) Variable
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Recommendation
B) Hypothesis
C) Conclusion
D) Research gap
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Measurements
B) Descriptions and meanings
C) Percentages
D) Numbers
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Case studies
C) Statistical and numerical data
D) Personal opinions
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Independent variable
B) Controlled variable
C) Dependent variable
D) Constant variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Constant variable
B) Control variable
C) Dependent variable
D) Independent variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research instrument
B) Research design
C) Data analysis
D) Hypothesis
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Conclude findings
B) Support and give background to the study
C) Collect data
D) Copy others’ work
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Punish offenders
B) Guess about crimes
C) Entertain readers
D) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
B) Copying old ideas
C) Reading books
D) Random investigation
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Variable
C) Research problem
D) Theory
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Recommendation
B) Conclusion
C) Hypothesis
D) Research gap
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Descriptions and meanings
B) Measurements
C) Percentages
D) Numbers
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Personal Opinions
C) Narratives
D) Case studies
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Controlled variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Independent variable
D) Constant variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Control variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Independent variable
D) Constant variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Research design
C) Data analysis
D) Research instrument
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Conclude findings
B) Copy others work
C) Collect data
D) Support and give background to the study
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Collecting all people in the world
B) Conducting interviews
C) Random guessing
D) Selecting a portion of the population
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) Less chance
B) Only chosen groups
C) Equal chance
D) No chance
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Quota sampling
B) Simple random sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Purposive sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Stratified sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Systematic sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Collecting information from respondents
B) Writing the conclusion
C) Analyzing data
D) Interpreting results
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Following personal beliefs
B) Copying others’ work
C) Using emotions
D) Being fair and free from bias
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Record video data
B) Interview only experts
C) Gather responses systematically
D) Replace literature review
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Interpret results
B) Gather main data
C) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
D) Conduct final defense
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Analyze and summarize data
B) Predict the weather
C) Make stories
D) Write conclusions
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) Honesty and protection of participants
B) The study is secret
C) Fast approval
D) Cost reduction
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Collecting raw data
B) Reading literature
C) Making surveys
D) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Copying answers
B) Creating categories
C) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
D) Writing a program
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Test hypotheses
B) Describe and summarize data
C) Predict future events
D) Collect responses
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Measure variables directly
B) Draw conclusions beyond the data
C) Describe findings
D) Arrange answers
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Median
B) Mean
C) Range
D) Mode
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Range
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Mean
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Median
B) Mode
C) Mean
D) Frequency
  • 84. A research report is:
A) A literature review
B) A list of questions
C) Written presentation of research results
D) Raw data
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Editing photos
B) Statistical data analysis
C) Drawing diagrams only
D) Data gathering
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Relationship between two variables
B) Group size
C) Population total
D) Number of samples
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) Random group
B) All individuals of interest in a study
C) People living in a place
D) The sample
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Cluster
B) Hypothesis
C) Variable
D) Sample
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Data collected by another researcher
B) Old data from books
C) Data collected directly by the researcher
D) Estimated information
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) From surveys
B) Collected directly
C) From existing materials or sources
D) Experimental data
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Repeated testing
B) Random guessing
C) Accuracy of measurement
D) Consistency of results
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of police work
B) Study of criminals and crimes
C) Study of courts
D) Study of law only
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) Descriptive
B) Qualitative
C) Narrative
D) QuantitCorreative
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Testable statement
B) Sampling method
C) Final conclusion
D) Research title
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Selected respondents
B) Only criminals
C) Entire group being studied
D) Sample group
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Interview
B) Journal article
C) Newspaper
D) Book
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Control factor
B) Result or outcome
C) Question
D) Cause of changes
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To review related studies
B) To interview respondents
C) To design questionnaires
D) To summarize the results
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You copy without credit
B) You cite sources
C) You paraphrase properly
D) You research online
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Writing style
B) Speed of work
C) Fairness and honesty
D) Cheating
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