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Criminological Research 1&2
Contributed by: Asma
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
B) After you data analysis
C) Upon the order of your research professor
D) After the conduct of your research
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
B) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
C) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
D) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
B) (Manalo, 2019)
C) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
D) According to Manalo (2019),...
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Page Number
B) Literature’s year of market sold
C) Book title
D) Secondary citation
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
B) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
C) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
D) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
B) Keep it up.
C) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
D) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Any of the forgoing
B) Arial
C) Times New Roman
D) Calibri
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
B) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
C) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
D) None of them are correct.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Physical Application
B) American Physiological Association
C) American Psychological Associative
D) American Psychological Association
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
B) The first statement is true while the latter is false
C) Both statements are true
D) Both statements are false
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) true
B) Yes
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Data analysis
B) Making recommendations
C) Writing a conclusion
D) Identifying a research problem
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Random
B) Systematic
C) Opinion-based
D) Biased
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Clear and concise
B) Long and complicated
C) Emotional
D) Ambiguous
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Hypothesis
B) Variable
C) Problem
D) Theory
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 5
B) Chapter 2
C) Chapter 3
D) Chapter 1
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Googling
B) Conducting surveys
C) Reading textbooks
D) Watching videos
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Systematic sampling
B) Random sampling
C) Systematic sampling
D) Cluster sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Hypothesizing
B) Coding
C) Classifying
D) Editing
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Abstract
B) Results
C) Chapter 2
D) Which section includes the research questions?
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Maps
B) Interview
C) Statistical software
D) Letters
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 5
B) Chapter 1
C) Chapter 3
D) Chapter 4
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Ranking
B) Coding
C) Sorting
D) Aligning
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Cannot be tested
B) Gives random answers
C) Changes often
D) Produces consistent results
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Accurate data
B) Correct answers
C) Sampling
D) Harm to participants
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Established theories
B) Personal belief
C) Guessing
D) Random ideas
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Fiction writing
B) Observation
C) Interview
D) Survey
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Appendix
B) Introduction
C) Bibliography
D) Abstract
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Universe
B) Hypothesis
C) Sample
D) Cluster
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Descriptive
B) Causal
C) Exploratory
D) Historical
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Experimental
B) Quasi-experimental
C) Exploratory
D) Descriptive
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Chapter 4
B) Appendix
C) Chapter 2
D) Chapter 1
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Range
B) Variance
C) Mean
D) Mode
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Frequency distribution
B) Appendix
C) Graph
D) Theory chart
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Observation
B) Survey
C) Hypothesis
D) Case study
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Qualitative research
B) Experimental research
C) Narrative research
D) Descriptive research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Respect privacy
B) Hide results
C) Fabricate data
D) Force respondents to answer
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Instrument
B) Variable
C) Conclusion
D) Framework
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Tables
B) Participants
C) Books and sources used
D) Questions
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Literature
B) Values and categories
C) Recommendations
D) Theories
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Weak
B) Useless
C) Accepted
D) Ignored
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Framework
B) Appendix
C) Questionnaire
D) Instrument panel
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Qualitative
B) Quantitative
C) Historical
D) Exploratory
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Review of literature
B) Discussion
C) Results
D) Methodology
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Systematic sample
B) Random sample
C) Convenience sample
D) Stratified sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Quantitative
B) Correlational
C) Experimental
D) Qualitative
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Guess about crimes
B) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
C) Punish offenders
D) Entertain readers
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Copying old ideas
B) Reading books
C) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
D) Random investigation
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Research problem
C) Theory
D) Variable
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Conclusion
B) Research gap
C) Recommendation
D) Hypothesis
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Measurements
B) Numbers
C) Descriptions and meanings
D) Percentages
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Personal opinions
C) Case studies
D) Statistical and numerical data
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Constant variable
D) Controlled variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Constant variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Independent variable
D) Control variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Data analysis
B) Research instrument
C) Research design
D) Hypothesis
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Copy others’ work
B) Support and give background to the study
C) Conclude findings
D) Collect data
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Punish offenders
B) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
C) Entertain readers
D) Guess about crimes
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
B) Random investigation
C) Copying old ideas
D) Reading books
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Theory
C) Variable
D) Research problem
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Research gap
B) Hypothesis
C) Recommendation
D) Conclusion
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Numbers
B) Measurements
C) Descriptions and meanings
D) Percentages
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Case studies
C) Narratives
D) Personal Opinions
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Constant variable
C) Independent variable
D) Controlled variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Control variable
D) Constant variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research design
B) Data analysis
C) Research instrument
D) Hypothesis
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Collect data
B) Conclude findings
C) Copy others work
D) Support and give background to the study
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Selecting a portion of the population
B) Random guessing
C) Conducting interviews
D) Collecting all people in the world
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) Only chosen groups
B) No chance
C) Equal chance
D) Less chance
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Simple random sampling
B) Purposive sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Quota sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Stratified sampling
B) Cluster sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Systematic sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Interpreting results
B) Writing the conclusion
C) Collecting information from respondents
D) Analyzing data
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Following personal beliefs
B) Copying others’ work
C) Using emotions
D) Being fair and free from bias
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Gather responses systematically
B) Interview only experts
C) Replace literature review
D) Record video data
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Conduct final defense
B) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
C) Interpret results
D) Gather main data
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Write conclusions
B) Make stories
C) Analyze and summarize data
D) Predict the weather
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) The study is secret
B) Fast approval
C) Honesty and protection of participants
D) Cost reduction
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Collecting raw data
B) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
C) Reading literature
D) Making surveys
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Creating categories
B) Writing a program
C) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
D) Copying answers
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Predict future events
B) Describe and summarize data
C) Collect responses
D) Test hypotheses
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Arrange answers
B) Describe findings
C) Draw conclusions beyond the data
D) Measure variables directly
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Mode
B) Mean
C) Median
D) Range
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Median
B) Mean
C) Range
D) Mode
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Mode
B) Mean
C) Median
D) Frequency
  • 84. A research report is:
A) A literature review
B) Raw data
C) A list of questions
D) Written presentation of research results
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Drawing diagrams only
B) Statistical data analysis
C) Data gathering
D) Editing photos
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Group size
B) Number of samples
C) Population total
D) Relationship between two variables
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) Random group
B) People living in a place
C) All individuals of interest in a study
D) The sample
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Cluster
C) Sample
D) Variable
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Data collected by another researcher
B) Data collected directly by the researcher
C) Estimated information
D) Old data from books
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) From surveys
B) Collected directly
C) Experimental data
D) From existing materials or sources
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Random guessing
B) Accuracy of measurement
C) Repeated testing
D) Consistency of results
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of criminals and crimes
B) Study of law only
C) Study of courts
D) Study of police work
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) QuantitCorreative
B) Qualitative
C) Narrative
D) Descriptive
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Sampling method
B) Final conclusion
C) Testable statement
D) Research title
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Selected respondents
B) Sample group
C) Only criminals
D) Entire group being studied
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Newspaper
B) Interview
C) Journal article
D) Book
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Result or outcome
B) Cause of changes
C) Question
D) Control factor
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To review related studies
B) To interview respondents
C) To design questionnaires
D) To summarize the results
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You research online
B) You paraphrase properly
C) You copy without credit
D) You cite sources
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Writing style
B) Cheating
C) Speed of work
D) Fairness and honesty
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