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Criminological Research 1&2 - Quiz
Contributed by: Asma
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
B) Upon the order of your research professor
C) After you data analysis
D) After the conduct of your research
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
B) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
C) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
D) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) (Manalo, 2019)
B) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
C) According to Manalo (2019),...
D) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Literature’s year of market sold
B) Page Number
C) Book title
D) Secondary citation
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
B) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
C) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
D) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
B) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
C) Keep it up.
D) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Arial
B) Any of the forgoing
C) Calibri
D) Times New Roman
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
B) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
C) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
D) None of them are correct.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Physical Application
B) American Psychological Association
C) American Psychological Associative
D) American Physiological Association
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) Both statements are true
B) Both statements are false
C) The first statement is true while the latter is false
D) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) true
B) Yes
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Identifying a research problem
B) Data analysis
C) Making recommendations
D) Writing a conclusion
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Random
B) Biased
C) Opinion-based
D) Systematic
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Ambiguous
B) Emotional
C) Long and complicated
D) Clear and concise
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Problem
B) Variable
C) Theory
D) Hypothesis
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 5
B) Chapter 1
C) Chapter 2
D) Chapter 3
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Reading textbooks
B) Googling
C) Conducting surveys
D) Watching videos
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Random sampling
B) Cluster sampling
C) Systematic sampling
D) Systematic sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Coding
B) Hypothesizing
C) Classifying
D) Editing
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Chapter 2
B) Which section includes the research questions?
C) Abstract
D) Results
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Statistical software
B) Letters
C) Interview
D) Maps
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 4
B) Chapter 3
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 5
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Ranking
B) Coding
C) Aligning
D) Sorting
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Gives random answers
B) Cannot be tested
C) Produces consistent results
D) Changes often
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Accurate data
B) Harm to participants
C) Correct answers
D) Sampling
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Guessing
B) Personal belief
C) Random ideas
D) Established theories
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Observation
B) Fiction writing
C) Survey
D) Interview
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Appendix
B) Bibliography
C) Introduction
D) Abstract
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Cluster
C) Universe
D) Sample
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Causal
B) Historical
C) Exploratory
D) Descriptive
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Descriptive
B) Exploratory
C) Experimental
D) Quasi-experimental
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Chapter 1
B) Chapter 2
C) Appendix
D) Chapter 4
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Mean
B) Variance
C) Range
D) Mode
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Appendix
B) Graph
C) Theory chart
D) Frequency distribution
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Survey
B) Case study
C) Hypothesis
D) Observation
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Qualitative research
B) Descriptive research
C) Narrative research
D) Experimental research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Force respondents to answer
B) Fabricate data
C) Hide results
D) Respect privacy
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Variable
B) Framework
C) Conclusion
D) Instrument
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Books and sources used
B) Tables
C) Questions
D) Participants
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Recommendations
B) Values and categories
C) Literature
D) Theories
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Accepted
B) Ignored
C) Useless
D) Weak
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Framework
B) Appendix
C) Questionnaire
D) Instrument panel
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Exploratory
B) Quantitative
C) Qualitative
D) Historical
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Discussion
B) Methodology
C) Review of literature
D) Results
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Random sample
B) Systematic sample
C) Convenience sample
D) Stratified sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Quantitative
B) Qualitative
C) Correlational
D) Experimental
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Guess about crimes
B) Entertain readers
C) Punish offenders
D) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Random investigation
B) Reading books
C) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
D) Copying old ideas
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Variable
C) Research problem
D) Theory
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Hypothesis
B) Recommendation
C) Conclusion
D) Research gap
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Measurements
B) Percentages
C) Descriptions and meanings
D) Numbers
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Statistical and numerical data
C) Personal opinions
D) Case studies
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Constant variable
B) Controlled variable
C) Dependent variable
D) Independent variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Constant variable
B) Independent variable
C) Dependent variable
D) Control variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research design
B) Hypothesis
C) Data analysis
D) Research instrument
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Conclude findings
B) Collect data
C) Copy others’ work
D) Support and give background to the study
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
B) Punish offenders
C) Guess about crimes
D) Entertain readers
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Random investigation
B) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
C) Reading books
D) Copying old ideas
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Theory
B) Hypothesis
C) Variable
D) Research problem
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Hypothesis
B) Recommendation
C) Conclusion
D) Research gap
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Numbers
B) Measurements
C) Descriptions and meanings
D) Percentages
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Case studies
B) Personal Opinions
C) Statistical and numerical data
D) Narratives
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Independent variable
B) Controlled variable
C) Constant variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Constant variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Control variable
D) Independent variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Data analysis
B) Research instrument
C) Research design
D) Hypothesis
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Collect data
B) Conclude findings
C) Copy others work
D) Support and give background to the study
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Selecting a portion of the population
B) Collecting all people in the world
C) Conducting interviews
D) Random guessing
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) No chance
B) Equal chance
C) Only chosen groups
D) Less chance
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Purposive sampling
B) Simple random sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Quota sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Systematic sampling
B) Stratified sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Cluster sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Collecting information from respondents
B) Writing the conclusion
C) Interpreting results
D) Analyzing data
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Being fair and free from bias
B) Following personal beliefs
C) Copying others’ work
D) Using emotions
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Gather responses systematically
B) Record video data
C) Replace literature review
D) Interview only experts
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Interpret results
B) Gather main data
C) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
D) Conduct final defense
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Analyze and summarize data
B) Write conclusions
C) Make stories
D) Predict the weather
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) Cost reduction
B) The study is secret
C) Fast approval
D) Honesty and protection of participants
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
B) Making surveys
C) Collecting raw data
D) Reading literature
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Copying answers
B) Writing a program
C) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
D) Creating categories
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Predict future events
B) Test hypotheses
C) Describe and summarize data
D) Collect responses
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Arrange answers
B) Draw conclusions beyond the data
C) Measure variables directly
D) Describe findings
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Range
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Mean
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Mode
B) Median
C) Range
D) Mean
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Frequency
D) Mode
  • 84. A research report is:
A) Written presentation of research results
B) A list of questions
C) A literature review
D) Raw data
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Statistical data analysis
B) Drawing diagrams only
C) Data gathering
D) Editing photos
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Group size
B) Number of samples
C) Population total
D) Relationship between two variables
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) People living in a place
B) Random group
C) All individuals of interest in a study
D) The sample
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Cluster
C) Variable
D) Sample
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Old data from books
B) Estimated information
C) Data collected by another researcher
D) Data collected directly by the researcher
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) From existing materials or sources
B) Collected directly
C) Experimental data
D) From surveys
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Accuracy of measurement
B) Consistency of results
C) Repeated testing
D) Random guessing
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of police work
B) Study of law only
C) Study of criminals and crimes
D) Study of courts
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) Descriptive
B) Narrative
C) QuantitCorreative
D) Qualitative
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Sampling method
B) Research title
C) Testable statement
D) Final conclusion
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Only criminals
B) Sample group
C) Entire group being studied
D) Selected respondents
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Book
B) Newspaper
C) Journal article
D) Interview
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Question
B) Control factor
C) Cause of changes
D) Result or outcome
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To summarize the results
B) To design questionnaires
C) To interview respondents
D) To review related studies
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You copy without credit
B) You paraphrase properly
C) You research online
D) You cite sources
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Speed of work
B) Writing style
C) Cheating
D) Fairness and honesty
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