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Criminological Research 1&2
Contributed by: Asma
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) Upon the order of your research professor
B) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
C) After the conduct of your research
D) After you data analysis
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
B) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
C) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
D) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) (Manalo, 2019)
B) According to Manalo (2019),...
C) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
D) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Page Number
B) Book title
C) Secondary citation
D) Literature’s year of market sold
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
B) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
C) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
D) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
B) Keep it up.
C) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
D) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Any of the forgoing
B) Arial
C) Times New Roman
D) Calibri
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) None of them are correct.
B) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
C) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
D) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Physical Application
B) American Psychological Association
C) American Physiological Association
D) American Psychological Associative
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
B) Both statements are false
C) The first statement is true while the latter is false
D) Both statements are true
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) Yes
B) true
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Making recommendations
B) Data analysis
C) Writing a conclusion
D) Identifying a research problem
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Biased
B) Random
C) Opinion-based
D) Systematic
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Long and complicated
B) Clear and concise
C) Emotional
D) Ambiguous
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Theory
B) Hypothesis
C) Problem
D) Variable
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 1
B) Chapter 3
C) Chapter 5
D) Chapter 2
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Watching videos
B) Googling
C) Reading textbooks
D) Conducting surveys
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Systematic sampling
B) Random sampling
C) Systematic sampling
D) Cluster sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Coding
B) Editing
C) Classifying
D) Hypothesizing
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Which section includes the research questions?
B) Abstract
C) Chapter 2
D) Results
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Maps
B) Interview
C) Statistical software
D) Letters
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 1
B) Chapter 4
C) Chapter 5
D) Chapter 3
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Sorting
B) Ranking
C) Coding
D) Aligning
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Cannot be tested
B) Produces consistent results
C) Changes often
D) Gives random answers
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Harm to participants
B) Correct answers
C) Sampling
D) Accurate data
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Guessing
B) Random ideas
C) Personal belief
D) Established theories
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Fiction writing
B) Interview
C) Survey
D) Observation
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Introduction
B) Appendix
C) Bibliography
D) Abstract
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Universe
B) Cluster
C) Hypothesis
D) Sample
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Descriptive
B) Causal
C) Historical
D) Exploratory
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Quasi-experimental
B) Exploratory
C) Descriptive
D) Experimental
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Chapter 2
B) Chapter 4
C) Appendix
D) Chapter 1
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Mean
B) Range
C) Mode
D) Variance
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Graph
B) Appendix
C) Theory chart
D) Frequency distribution
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Survey
B) Observation
C) Case study
D) Hypothesis
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Descriptive research
B) Narrative research
C) Experimental research
D) Qualitative research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Force respondents to answer
B) Hide results
C) Respect privacy
D) Fabricate data
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Conclusion
B) Instrument
C) Framework
D) Variable
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Questions
B) Tables
C) Books and sources used
D) Participants
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Values and categories
B) Recommendations
C) Literature
D) Theories
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Ignored
B) Useless
C) Weak
D) Accepted
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Appendix
B) Instrument panel
C) Questionnaire
D) Framework
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Quantitative
B) Exploratory
C) Qualitative
D) Historical
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Review of literature
B) Discussion
C) Methodology
D) Results
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Convenience sample
B) Systematic sample
C) Random sample
D) Stratified sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Quantitative
B) Correlational
C) Experimental
D) Qualitative
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Entertain readers
B) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
C) Guess about crimes
D) Punish offenders
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
B) Copying old ideas
C) Random investigation
D) Reading books
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Variable
B) Research problem
C) Theory
D) Hypothesis
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Conclusion
B) Recommendation
C) Hypothesis
D) Research gap
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Percentages
B) Numbers
C) Descriptions and meanings
D) Measurements
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Case studies
B) Statistical and numerical data
C) Personal opinions
D) Statistical and numerical data
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Controlled variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Independent variable
D) Constant variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Constant variable
D) Control variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Research instrument
C) Research design
D) Data analysis
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Conclude findings
B) Collect data
C) Support and give background to the study
D) Copy others’ work
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
B) Entertain readers
C) Punish offenders
D) Guess about crimes
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
B) Random investigation
C) Copying old ideas
D) Reading books
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Theory
B) Variable
C) Research problem
D) Hypothesis
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Conclusion
B) Research gap
C) Hypothesis
D) Recommendation
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Descriptions and meanings
B) Measurements
C) Numbers
D) Percentages
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Narratives
B) Statistical and numerical data
C) Personal Opinions
D) Case studies
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Independent variable
B) Controlled variable
C) Dependent variable
D) Constant variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Independent variable
C) Control variable
D) Constant variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research instrument
B) Data analysis
C) Research design
D) Hypothesis
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Collect data
B) Support and give background to the study
C) Copy others work
D) Conclude findings
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Random guessing
B) Selecting a portion of the population
C) Conducting interviews
D) Collecting all people in the world
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) Equal chance
B) Less chance
C) No chance
D) Only chosen groups
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Purposive sampling
B) Convenience sampling
C) Simple random sampling
D) Quota sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Stratified sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Writing the conclusion
B) Analyzing data
C) Interpreting results
D) Collecting information from respondents
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Using emotions
B) Being fair and free from bias
C) Following personal beliefs
D) Copying others’ work
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Gather responses systematically
B) Interview only experts
C) Replace literature review
D) Record video data
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Gather main data
B) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
C) Conduct final defense
D) Interpret results
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Predict the weather
B) Analyze and summarize data
C) Write conclusions
D) Make stories
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) Honesty and protection of participants
B) Cost reduction
C) Fast approval
D) The study is secret
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Making surveys
B) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
C) Reading literature
D) Collecting raw data
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Copying answers
B) Creating categories
C) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
D) Writing a program
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Describe and summarize data
B) Collect responses
C) Test hypotheses
D) Predict future events
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Describe findings
B) Draw conclusions beyond the data
C) Arrange answers
D) Measure variables directly
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Range
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Range
B) Mean
C) Median
D) Mode
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Median
B) Mean
C) Frequency
D) Mode
  • 84. A research report is:
A) A literature review
B) Written presentation of research results
C) Raw data
D) A list of questions
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Statistical data analysis
B) Data gathering
C) Editing photos
D) Drawing diagrams only
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Group size
B) Relationship between two variables
C) Population total
D) Number of samples
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) The sample
B) People living in a place
C) Random group
D) All individuals of interest in a study
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Variable
B) Cluster
C) Hypothesis
D) Sample
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Data collected directly by the researcher
B) Data collected by another researcher
C) Estimated information
D) Old data from books
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) From surveys
B) From existing materials or sources
C) Collected directly
D) Experimental data
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Consistency of results
B) Random guessing
C) Repeated testing
D) Accuracy of measurement
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of criminals and crimes
B) Study of police work
C) Study of courts
D) Study of law only
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) Descriptive
B) QuantitCorreative
C) Narrative
D) Qualitative
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Final conclusion
B) Research title
C) Sampling method
D) Testable statement
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Selected respondents
B) Only criminals
C) Entire group being studied
D) Sample group
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Book
B) Journal article
C) Newspaper
D) Interview
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Question
B) Cause of changes
C) Result or outcome
D) Control factor
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To interview respondents
B) To design questionnaires
C) To review related studies
D) To summarize the results
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You copy without credit
B) You paraphrase properly
C) You research online
D) You cite sources
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Fairness and honesty
B) Speed of work
C) Cheating
D) Writing style
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