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Criminological Research 1&2
Contributed by: Asma
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
B) After you data analysis
C) After the conduct of your research
D) Upon the order of your research professor
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
B) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
C) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
D) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) According to Manalo (2019),...
B) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
C) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
D) (Manalo, 2019)
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Secondary citation
B) Book title
C) Literature’s year of market sold
D) Page Number
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
B) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
C) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
D) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
B) Keep it up.
C) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
D) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Any of the forgoing
B) Calibri
C) Arial
D) Times New Roman
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
B) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
C) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
D) None of them are correct.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Psychological Associative
B) American Psychological Association
C) American Physiological Association
D) American Physical Application
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) Both statements are false
B) Both statements are true
C) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
D) The first statement is true while the latter is false
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) true
B) Yes
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Writing a conclusion
B) Making recommendations
C) Data analysis
D) Identifying a research problem
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Opinion-based
B) Systematic
C) Random
D) Biased
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Ambiguous
B) Emotional
C) Long and complicated
D) Clear and concise
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Variable
B) Problem
C) Hypothesis
D) Theory
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 1
B) Chapter 2
C) Chapter 5
D) Chapter 3
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Reading textbooks
B) Conducting surveys
C) Watching videos
D) Googling
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Systematic sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Random sampling
D) Cluster sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Hypothesizing
B) Coding
C) Classifying
D) Editing
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Chapter 2
B) Which section includes the research questions?
C) Results
D) Abstract
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Maps
B) Statistical software
C) Interview
D) Letters
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 5
B) Chapter 4
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 3
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Coding
B) Sorting
C) Ranking
D) Aligning
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Changes often
B) Gives random answers
C) Cannot be tested
D) Produces consistent results
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Accurate data
B) Correct answers
C) Sampling
D) Harm to participants
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Established theories
B) Random ideas
C) Guessing
D) Personal belief
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Survey
B) Observation
C) Fiction writing
D) Interview
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Bibliography
B) Abstract
C) Appendix
D) Introduction
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Cluster
B) Sample
C) Hypothesis
D) Universe
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Causal
B) Descriptive
C) Exploratory
D) Historical
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Experimental
B) Quasi-experimental
C) Exploratory
D) Descriptive
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Appendix
B) Chapter 4
C) Chapter 2
D) Chapter 1
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Mode
B) Variance
C) Range
D) Mean
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Appendix
B) Graph
C) Theory chart
D) Frequency distribution
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Hypothesis
B) Observation
C) Case study
D) Survey
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Descriptive research
B) Qualitative research
C) Narrative research
D) Experimental research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Fabricate data
B) Respect privacy
C) Force respondents to answer
D) Hide results
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Instrument
B) Conclusion
C) Variable
D) Framework
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Questions
B) Participants
C) Tables
D) Books and sources used
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Values and categories
B) Theories
C) Literature
D) Recommendations
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Useless
B) Weak
C) Ignored
D) Accepted
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Framework
B) Instrument panel
C) Appendix
D) Questionnaire
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Exploratory
B) Quantitative
C) Qualitative
D) Historical
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Results
B) Review of literature
C) Methodology
D) Discussion
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Systematic sample
B) Convenience sample
C) Random sample
D) Stratified sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Correlational
B) Quantitative
C) Experimental
D) Qualitative
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Entertain readers
B) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
C) Guess about crimes
D) Punish offenders
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Copying old ideas
B) Random investigation
C) Reading books
D) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Theory
B) Research problem
C) Hypothesis
D) Variable
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Conclusion
B) Research gap
C) Hypothesis
D) Recommendation
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Measurements
B) Numbers
C) Percentages
D) Descriptions and meanings
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Statistical and numerical data
C) Case studies
D) Personal opinions
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Constant variable
B) Independent variable
C) Controlled variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Independent variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Constant variable
D) Control variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Data analysis
B) Research instrument
C) Research design
D) Hypothesis
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Support and give background to the study
B) Copy others’ work
C) Conclude findings
D) Collect data
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Punish offenders
B) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
C) Entertain readers
D) Guess about crimes
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Copying old ideas
B) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
C) Random investigation
D) Reading books
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Research problem
C) Theory
D) Variable
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Research gap
B) Conclusion
C) Recommendation
D) Hypothesis
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Percentages
B) Numbers
C) Measurements
D) Descriptions and meanings
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Narratives
B) Personal Opinions
C) Case studies
D) Statistical and numerical data
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Controlled variable
C) Constant variable
D) Independent variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Constant variable
B) Dependent variable
C) Independent variable
D) Control variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research design
B) Data analysis
C) Hypothesis
D) Research instrument
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Collect data
B) Conclude findings
C) Copy others work
D) Support and give background to the study
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Conducting interviews
B) Collecting all people in the world
C) Random guessing
D) Selecting a portion of the population
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) Less chance
B) Only chosen groups
C) No chance
D) Equal chance
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Simple random sampling
B) Purposive sampling
C) Quota sampling
D) Convenience sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Systematic sampling
B) Convenience sampling
C) Stratified sampling
D) Cluster sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Collecting information from respondents
B) Writing the conclusion
C) Interpreting results
D) Analyzing data
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Using emotions
B) Copying others’ work
C) Being fair and free from bias
D) Following personal beliefs
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Interview only experts
B) Record video data
C) Replace literature review
D) Gather responses systematically
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Gather main data
B) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
C) Interpret results
D) Conduct final defense
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Make stories
B) Write conclusions
C) Analyze and summarize data
D) Predict the weather
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) Honesty and protection of participants
B) Cost reduction
C) Fast approval
D) The study is secret
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Reading literature
B) Making surveys
C) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
D) Collecting raw data
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Creating categories
B) Writing a program
C) Copying answers
D) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Collect responses
B) Test hypotheses
C) Describe and summarize data
D) Predict future events
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Arrange answers
B) Draw conclusions beyond the data
C) Measure variables directly
D) Describe findings
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Mean
B) Range
C) Mode
D) Median
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Range
B) Mode
C) Median
D) Mean
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Mean
B) Frequency
C) Mode
D) Median
  • 84. A research report is:
A) A literature review
B) Raw data
C) Written presentation of research results
D) A list of questions
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Editing photos
B) Statistical data analysis
C) Drawing diagrams only
D) Data gathering
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Number of samples
B) Group size
C) Relationship between two variables
D) Population total
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) The sample
B) Random group
C) All individuals of interest in a study
D) People living in a place
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Variable
B) Cluster
C) Sample
D) Hypothesis
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Old data from books
B) Data collected directly by the researcher
C) Data collected by another researcher
D) Estimated information
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) Experimental data
B) From surveys
C) From existing materials or sources
D) Collected directly
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Consistency of results
B) Accuracy of measurement
C) Repeated testing
D) Random guessing
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of law only
B) Study of police work
C) Study of courts
D) Study of criminals and crimes
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) QuantitCorreative
B) Descriptive
C) Narrative
D) Qualitative
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Research title
B) Testable statement
C) Sampling method
D) Final conclusion
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Selected respondents
B) Entire group being studied
C) Sample group
D) Only criminals
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Newspaper
B) Interview
C) Book
D) Journal article
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Cause of changes
B) Control factor
C) Question
D) Result or outcome
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To summarize the results
B) To design questionnaires
C) To review related studies
D) To interview respondents
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You copy without credit
B) You research online
C) You paraphrase properly
D) You cite sources
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Speed of work
B) Cheating
C) Writing style
D) Fairness and honesty
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