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Criminological Research 1&2
Contributed by: Asma
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) Upon the order of your research professor
B) After the conduct of your research
C) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
D) After you data analysis
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
B) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
C) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
D) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
B) (Manalo, 2019)
C) According to Manalo (2019),...
D) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Literature’s year of market sold
B) Page Number
C) Secondary citation
D) Book title
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
B) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
C) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
D) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
B) Keep it up.
C) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
D) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Calibri
B) Any of the forgoing
C) Times New Roman
D) Arial
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
B) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
C) None of them are correct.
D) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Psychological Association
B) American Physiological Association
C) American Physical Application
D) American Psychological Associative
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
B) Both statements are false
C) The first statement is true while the latter is false
D) Both statements are true
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) Yes
B) true
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Writing a conclusion
B) Identifying a research problem
C) Making recommendations
D) Data analysis
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Opinion-based
B) Biased
C) Random
D) Systematic
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Ambiguous
B) Long and complicated
C) Clear and concise
D) Emotional
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Theory
B) Hypothesis
C) Problem
D) Variable
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 1
B) Chapter 2
C) Chapter 5
D) Chapter 3
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Conducting surveys
B) Watching videos
C) Googling
D) Reading textbooks
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Random sampling
B) Cluster sampling
C) Systematic sampling
D) Systematic sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Editing
B) Coding
C) Classifying
D) Hypothesizing
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Abstract
B) Results
C) Which section includes the research questions?
D) Chapter 2
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Interview
B) Statistical software
C) Letters
D) Maps
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 4
B) Chapter 3
C) Chapter 5
D) Chapter 1
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Ranking
B) Coding
C) Aligning
D) Sorting
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Cannot be tested
B) Gives random answers
C) Produces consistent results
D) Changes often
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Sampling
B) Harm to participants
C) Correct answers
D) Accurate data
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Guessing
B) Established theories
C) Random ideas
D) Personal belief
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Interview
B) Survey
C) Fiction writing
D) Observation
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Abstract
B) Introduction
C) Appendix
D) Bibliography
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Sample
B) Universe
C) Hypothesis
D) Cluster
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Historical
B) Exploratory
C) Causal
D) Descriptive
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Exploratory
B) Descriptive
C) Quasi-experimental
D) Experimental
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Appendix
B) Chapter 2
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 4
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Variance
D) Range
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Appendix
B) Theory chart
C) Graph
D) Frequency distribution
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Observation
B) Case study
C) Hypothesis
D) Survey
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Narrative research
B) Experimental research
C) Descriptive research
D) Qualitative research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Hide results
B) Force respondents to answer
C) Respect privacy
D) Fabricate data
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Framework
B) Instrument
C) Conclusion
D) Variable
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Participants
B) Books and sources used
C) Tables
D) Questions
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Theories
B) Values and categories
C) Literature
D) Recommendations
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Useless
B) Accepted
C) Weak
D) Ignored
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Appendix
B) Framework
C) Questionnaire
D) Instrument panel
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Historical
B) Qualitative
C) Quantitative
D) Exploratory
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Results
B) Review of literature
C) Discussion
D) Methodology
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Random sample
B) Stratified sample
C) Systematic sample
D) Convenience sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Correlational
B) Qualitative
C) Experimental
D) Quantitative
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Entertain readers
B) Punish offenders
C) Guess about crimes
D) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Reading books
B) Random investigation
C) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
D) Copying old ideas
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Research problem
B) Variable
C) Theory
D) Hypothesis
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Recommendation
B) Hypothesis
C) Research gap
D) Conclusion
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Descriptions and meanings
B) Numbers
C) Percentages
D) Measurements
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Statistical and numerical data
C) Case studies
D) Personal opinions
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Independent variable
B) Constant variable
C) Controlled variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Constant variable
B) Independent variable
C) Control variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research instrument
B) Data analysis
C) Hypothesis
D) Research design
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Collect data
B) Support and give background to the study
C) Copy others’ work
D) Conclude findings
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Guess about crimes
B) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
C) Punish offenders
D) Entertain readers
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Reading books
B) Random investigation
C) Copying old ideas
D) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Variable
C) Theory
D) Research problem
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Hypothesis
B) Research gap
C) Recommendation
D) Conclusion
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Numbers
B) Descriptions and meanings
C) Percentages
D) Measurements
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Personal Opinions
B) Case studies
C) Narratives
D) Statistical and numerical data
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Independent variable
B) Controlled variable
C) Constant variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Control variable
B) Constant variable
C) Independent variable
D) Dependent variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research design
B) Data analysis
C) Research instrument
D) Hypothesis
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Collect data
B) Support and give background to the study
C) Copy others work
D) Conclude findings
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Conducting interviews
B) Selecting a portion of the population
C) Collecting all people in the world
D) Random guessing
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) Only chosen groups
B) Less chance
C) Equal chance
D) No chance
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Purposive sampling
B) Quota sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Simple random sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Stratified sampling
B) Cluster sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Systematic sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Analyzing data
B) Writing the conclusion
C) Collecting information from respondents
D) Interpreting results
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Following personal beliefs
B) Being fair and free from bias
C) Copying others’ work
D) Using emotions
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Record video data
B) Replace literature review
C) Gather responses systematically
D) Interview only experts
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Gather main data
B) Conduct final defense
C) Interpret results
D) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Predict the weather
B) Write conclusions
C) Make stories
D) Analyze and summarize data
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) Cost reduction
B) Honesty and protection of participants
C) The study is secret
D) Fast approval
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Making surveys
B) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
C) Reading literature
D) Collecting raw data
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Copying answers
B) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
C) Creating categories
D) Writing a program
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Test hypotheses
B) Predict future events
C) Collect responses
D) Describe and summarize data
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Describe findings
B) Arrange answers
C) Draw conclusions beyond the data
D) Measure variables directly
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Range
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Mean
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Range
B) Mode
C) Median
D) Mean
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Frequency
B) Mean
C) Mode
D) Median
  • 84. A research report is:
A) A list of questions
B) Written presentation of research results
C) A literature review
D) Raw data
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Data gathering
B) Editing photos
C) Statistical data analysis
D) Drawing diagrams only
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Group size
B) Number of samples
C) Population total
D) Relationship between two variables
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) All individuals of interest in a study
B) Random group
C) People living in a place
D) The sample
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Cluster
B) Sample
C) Hypothesis
D) Variable
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Estimated information
B) Data collected directly by the researcher
C) Data collected by another researcher
D) Old data from books
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) Experimental data
B) From surveys
C) From existing materials or sources
D) Collected directly
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Random guessing
B) Accuracy of measurement
C) Repeated testing
D) Consistency of results
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of police work
B) Study of courts
C) Study of criminals and crimes
D) Study of law only
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) Qualitative
B) Descriptive
C) QuantitCorreative
D) Narrative
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Sampling method
B) Final conclusion
C) Research title
D) Testable statement
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Selected respondents
B) Sample group
C) Only criminals
D) Entire group being studied
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Book
B) Interview
C) Newspaper
D) Journal article
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Cause of changes
B) Result or outcome
C) Question
D) Control factor
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To review related studies
B) To summarize the results
C) To design questionnaires
D) To interview respondents
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You copy without credit
B) You paraphrase properly
C) You research online
D) You cite sources
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Cheating
B) Speed of work
C) Writing style
D) Fairness and honesty
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