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Criminological Research 1&2
Contributed by: Asma
  • 1. When is the right time to formulate your research abstract?
A) Prior the commencement of your research introduction
B) Upon the order of your research professor
C) After the conduct of your research
D) After you data analysis
  • 2. Tina has been assigned to accomplish their research references. After the first line in lining her first reference, she put the continuing part aligned to the first. Upon checking by her adviser, immediately, it was crossed out and was told to rewrite their research’s references. Did you think your research adviser was correct?
A) Yes, she is correct for the succeeding lines after the first shall be indented a half-inch from the left margin.
B) No, I learned that the first line and the succeeding lines should be aligned and patterned from the first line of one reference.
C) Yes, she is correct for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
D) No, she is wrong for one reference shall be indented from the left margin.
  • 3. While doing the literature survey, Tina noticed that her research mate incorrectly put an in-text citation for two authors. How do you think her research mate plated their in -text citation?
A) According to Manalo (2019),...
B) (Apuya & Manalo, 2019)
C) (Apuya and Manalo, 2019)
D) (Manalo, 2019)
  • 4. Based on the 7th APA Manual, there are certain ways on how are you going to cite a direct quotation from a body of work. Thus, in putting an in-text citation, what important element must not be forgotten aside from the surname and year of publication?
A) Secondary citation
B) Page Number
C) Literature’s year of market sold
D) Book title
  • 5. “The study of Apuya & Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover

    Help for the clients.” As a college graduate and a future RCrim, do you think it is correct or not?
A) The study of Apuya and Manalo, 2019 found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
B) The study of (Apuya and Manalo, 2019) found that the community is willing to hand over help for the clients.
C) The study of Apuya and Manalo (2019) found that the community is willing to handover help for the clients
D) I will not be re-writing it as based on the teaching I learned, the citation is correct.
  • 6. Hannah, as considered a research expert, printed their hardcopy in a material which is not the standard size being used under APA 7th Edition. If you are to advise Hannah, what advice are you going to give her?
A) Keep it up.
B) It must be printed on standard-sized paper
C) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 13”
D) It must be printed on standard-sized paper of 8.5” x 11”
  • 7. Your adviser told you to use the Arial font as a font style. Considering that Arial is allowed in the 7th edition, what font styles does the APA highly recommend to use?
A) Arial
B) Times New Roman
C) Any of the forgoing
D) Calibri
  • 8. Confidently, Pedro argued that the research page number shall be placed in the lower left of every page; but Juan strongly emphasized that it should be placed on the extreme lower right part. As an expert, who do you think is correct?
A) Pedro is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme lower left.
B) None of them are correct.
C) Juan is correct since every page number to every literature is found at the extreme right left.
D) Either of the two can be utilized in placing a page number in a research.
  • 9. APA stands for:
A) American Psychological Association
B) American Physical Application
C) American Physiological Association
D) American Psychological Associative
  • 10. Running head is required for student paper; Professional paper only requires page header.
A) Both statements are true
B) The latter statement is true, while the former is false
C) Both statements are false
D) The first statement is true while the latter is false
  • 11. Facebook, Youtube and even Podcasts are accepted to use as a reference material.
A) Yes
B) true
  • 12. The first major step in the research process is:
A) Identifying a research problem
B) Data analysis
C) Making recommendations
D) Writing a conclusion
  • 13. A characteristic of scientific research is that it must be:
A) Random
B) Biased
C) Systematic
D) Opinion-based
  • 14. A research title must be:
A) Ambiguous
B) Long and complicated
C) Emotional
D) Clear and concise
  • 15. A concept that can be measured is called a:
A) Problem
B) Variable
C) Hypothesis
D) Theory
  • 16. The review of related literature is usually found in:
A) Chapter 1
B) Chapter 5
C) Chapter 2
D) Chapter 3
  • 17. Which of the following is a primary method of data collection?
A) Reading textbooks
B) Watching videos
C) Conducting surveys
D) Googling
  • 18. Which sampling method selects every nth element?
A) Random sampling
B) Systematic sampling
C) Cluster sampling
D) Systematic sampling
  • 19. The process of grouping similar data is called:
A) Editing
B) Coding
C) Classifying
D) Hypothesizing
  • 20. Which section includes the research questions?
A) Abstract
B) Which section includes the research questions?
C) Chapter 2
D) Results
  • 21. The best tool for analyzing numerical data is:
A) Letters
B) Interview
C) Maps
D) Statistical software
  • 22. The part where the method and tools used are explained:
A) Chapter 4
B) Chapter 1
C) Chapter 3
D) Chapter 5
  • 23. When data is arranged from smallest to largest, this is called:
A) Sorting
B) Aligning
C) Ranking
D) Coding
  • 24. A research instrument must be reliable, meaning it:
A) Changes often
B) Produces consistent results
C) Gives random answers
D) Cannot be tested
  • 25. Ethics in research aims to prevent:
A) Correct answers
B) Harm to participants
C) Accurate data
D) Sampling
  • 26. A theoretical framework is based on:
A) Established theories
B) Random ideas
C) Personal belief
D) Guessing
  • 27. Which of the following is NOT a data collection method?
A) Fiction writing
B) Interview
C) Survey
D) Observation
  • 28. A short summary of the entire study is the:
A) Appendix
B) Introduction
C) Abstract
D) Bibliography
  • 29. The group of people where data is collected is called:
A) Universe
B) Sample
C) Hypothesis
D) Cluster
  • 30. A study that seeks to explain the cause of crime is:
A) Historical
B) Causal
C) Descriptive
D) Exploratory
  • 31. A study that explores a new idea without much previous literature is:
A) Experimental
B) Descriptive
C) Quasi-experimental
D) Exploratory
  • 32. The part that presents the findings is:
A) Chapter 2
B) Appendix
C) Chapter 1
D) Chapter 4
  • 33. The difference between highest and lowest value is:
A) Mode
B) Variance
C) Range
D) Mean
  • 34. A table used to summarize data is called:
A) Graph
B) Frequency distribution
C) Theory chart
D) Appendix
  • 35. A detailed description of a person or event is a:
A) Observation
B) Survey
C) Case study
D) Hypothesis
  • 36. When the researcher manipulates variables, it is:
A) Descriptive research
B) Experimental research
C) Narrative research
D) Qualitative research
  • 37. An ethical researcher must always:
A) Fabricate data
B) Force respondents to answer
C) Respect privacy
D) Hide results
  • 38. A research tool such as interview guide or survey form is a:
A) Framework
B) Variable
C) Conclusion
D) Instrument
  • 39. A bibliography is a list of:
A) Books and sources used
B) Questions
C) Tables
D) Participants
  • 40. In a bar graph, the bars represent:
A) Theories
B) Recommendations
C) Literature
D) Values and categories
  • 41. A hypothesis supported by evidence is:
A) Weak
B) Ignored
C) Accepted
D) Useless
  • 42. A document where respondents write their answers is the:
A) Appendix
B) Framework
C) Instrument panel
D) Questionnaire
  • 43. Which represents numerical data?
A) Exploratory
B) Qualitative
C) Quantitative
D) Historical
  • 44. Chapter 3 is typically concerned with:
A) Review of literature
B) Results
C) Methodology
D) Discussion
  • 45. A group selected because they are easy to reach is called:
A) Convenience sample
B) Stratified sample
C) Systematic sample
D) Random sample
  • 46. A survey that uses open-ended questions is usually:
A) Qualitative
B) Quantitative
C) Correlational
D) Experimental
  • 47. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
B) Guess about crimes
C) Entertain readers
D) Punish offenders
  • 48. Research is best defined as:
A) Random investigation
B) Copying old ideas
C) Reading books
D) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
  • 49. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Research problem
C) Variable
D) Theory
  • 50. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Research gap
B) Recommendation
C) Conclusion
D) Hypothesis
  • 51. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Percentages
B) Descriptions and meanings
C) Numbers
D) Measurements
  • 52. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Statistical and numerical data
B) Statistical and numerical data
C) Case studies
D) Personal opinions
  • 53. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Independent variable
C) Constant variable
D) Controlled variable
  • 54. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Independent variable
B) Control variable
C) Dependent variable
D) Constant variable
  • 55. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Research design
B) Data analysis
C) Hypothesis
D) Research instrument
  • 56. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Copy others’ work
B) Collect data
C) Support and give background to the study
D) Conclude findings
  • 57. The main goal of criminological research is to:
A) Discover facts about crime and criminal behavior
B) Entertain readers
C) Punish offenders
D) Guess about crimes
  • 58. Research is best defined as:
A) Copying old ideas
B) Random investigation
C) Systematic inquiry to discover new knowledge
D) Reading books
  • 59. A specific concern that a study seeks to address is called:
A) Theory
B) Hypothesis
C) Variable
D) Research problem
  • 60. A tentative answer or assumption to be tested is a:
A) Hypothesis
B) Research gap
C) Conclusion
D) Recommendation
  • 61. Qualitative research deals with:
A) Measurements
B) Percentages
C) Descriptions and meanings
D) Numbers
  • 62. Quantitative research focuses on:
A) Personal Opinions
B) Statistical and numerical data
C) Case studies
D) Narratives
  • 63. The variable that is manipulated by the researcher is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Independent variable
C) Controlled variable
D) Constant variable
  • 64. The variable that is being measured is:
A) Dependent variable
B) Control variable
C) Independent variable
D) Constant variable
  • 65. A blueprint or plan of the study is called:
A) Hypothesis
B) Research design
C) Research instrument
D) Data analysis
  • 66. The purpose of a literature review is to:
A) Copy others work
B) Collect data
C) Conclude findings
D) Support and give background to the study
  • 67. Sampling refers to:
A) Conducting interviews
B) Collecting all people in the world
C) Random guessing
D) Selecting a portion of the population
  • 68. Probability sampling gives each member:
A) No chance
B) Equal chance
C) Only chosen groups
D) Less chance
  • 69. Which is a type of probability sampling?
A) Quota sampling
B) Simple random sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Purposive sampling
  • 70. Which is a non-probability sampling technique?
A) Systematic sampling
B) Stratified sampling
C) Convenience sampling
D) Cluster sampling
  • 71. Data gathering procedure means:
A) Collecting information from respondents
B) Interpreting results
C) Analyzing data
D) Writing the conclusion
  • 72. Objectivity in research means:
A) Being fair and free from bias
B) Copying others’ work
C) Following personal beliefs
D) Using emotions
  • 73. A questionnaire is used to:
A) Interview only experts
B) Gather responses systematically
C) Replace literature review
D) Record video data
  • 74. Pilot testing is done to:
A) Interpret results
B) Test reliability and clarity of instruments
C) Conduct final defense
D) Gather main data
  • 75. Statistics in research are used to:
A) Predict the weather
B) Make stories
C) Write conclusions
D) Analyze and summarize data
  • 76. Research ethics ensures:
A) The study is secret
B) Honesty and protection of participants
C) Cost reduction
D) Fast approval
  • 77. Data analysis means:
A) Making surveys
B) Reading literature
C) Collecting raw data
D) Examining and organizing data to draw conclusions
  • 78. Coding in research is:
A) Copying answers
B) Assigning numbers or symbols to responses
C) Creating categories
D) Writing a program
  • 79. Descriptive statistics are used to
A) Collect responses
B) Test hypotheses
C) Predict future events
D) Describe and summarize data
  • 80. Inferential statistics are used to:
A) Draw conclusions beyond the data
B) Describe findings
C) Arrange answers
D) Measure variables directly
  • 81. The average of a data set is called:
A) Mean
B) Mode
C) Range
D) Median
  • 82. The middle value of a data set is:
A) Median
B) Mode
C) Range
D) Mean
  • 83. The most frequent value is called:
A) Mode
B) Mean
C) Median
D) Frequency
  • 84. A research report is:
A) A literature review
B) Written presentation of research results
C) Raw data
D) A list of questions
  • 85. SPSS is used for:
A) Drawing diagrams only
B) Editing photos
C) Data gathering
D) Statistical data analysis
  • 86. Correlation measures:
A) Population total
B) Group size
C) Number of samples
D) Relationship between two variables
  • 87. Population refers to:
A) People living in a place
B) The sample
C) Random group
D) All individuals of interest in a study
  • 88. A smaller group taken from the population is called:
A) Cluster
B) Sample
C) Hypothesis
D) Variable
  • 89. Primary data are:
A) Old data from books
B) Estimated information
C) Data collected directly by the researcher
D) Data collected by another researcher
  • 90. Secondary data are:
A) Collected directly
B) From surveys
C) Experimental data
D) From existing materials or sources
  • 91. Validity means:
A) Random guessing
B) Accuracy of measurement
C) Consistency of results
D) Repeated testing
  • 92. What is criminological research?
A) Study of criminals and crimes
B) Study of police work
C) Study of law only
D) Study of courts
  • 93. Which type of research uses numerical data?
A) Qualitative
B) Narrative
C) Descriptive
D) QuantitCorreative
  • 94. A hypothesis is best described as a:
A) Testable statement
B) Research title
C) Final conclusion
D) Sampling method
  • 95. What is a research population?
A) Selected respondents
B) Entire group being studied
C) Only criminals
D) Sample group
  • 96. Which is an example of primary data?
A) Newspaper
B) Journal article
C) Interview
D) Book
  • 97. The dependent variable is the:
A) Cause of changes
B) Question
C) Result or outcome
D) Control factor
  • 98. What is the main purpose of a literature review?
A) To review related studies
B) To interview respondents
C) To summarize the results
D) To design questionnaires
  • 99. Plagiarism occurs when:
A) You copy without credit
B) You paraphrase properly
C) You research online
D) You cite sources
  • 100. Ethics in research means:
A) Speed of work
B) Cheating
C) Fairness and honesty
D) Writing style
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