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CLJ5-CEVIDE
Contributed by: Three
  • 1. Which term refers to any matter of fact that a party offers to prove or disprove a claim in court?
A) Testimony
B) Evidence
C) Fact
D) Proof
  • 2. What is the degree of proof required in criminal cases, ensuring moral certainty of guilt?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Circumstantial Evidence
  • 3. Which standard of proof is used in administrative cases and requires such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion?
A) Preponderance of Evidence
B) Direct Evidence
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
  • 4. In civil cases, which degree of proof requires that the evidence on one side is more convincing than that of the other?
A) Preponderance of Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Equipoise of Evidence
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 5. When the evidence of both parties is balanced, and the case must be resolved in favor of the defendant, it is called.
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Equiponderance of Evidence
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 6. Which term means that the evidence presented by both sides is equal in weight and credibility?
A) Equipoise of Evidence
B) Preponderance of Evidence
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
  • 7. Which of the following is not a degree of proof recognized by the Rules of Court?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Equipoise of Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Clear and Convincing Evidence
  • 8. What is the lowest degree of proof used in administrative proceedings?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Equiponderance of Evidence
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 9. When the evidence of guilt and innocence are equal, the accused must be acquitted because of.
A) Equipoise of Evidence Rule
B) Best Evidence Rule
C) Substantial Evidence Doctrine
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 10. Which term refers to the totality of evidence presented by a party to prove a fact in issue?
A) Object Evidence
B) Documentary Evidence
C) Proof
D) Testimony
  • 11. hen the scales of evidence are equally balanced, and the doubt favors the accused, this principle applies
A) sumption of Innocence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 12. Which of the following requires the highest level of certainty before a conviction can be made?
A) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
B) Preponderance of Evidence
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Circumstantial Evidence
  • 13. Which rule dictates that when evidence is equally balanced, the case should be decided against the party who has the burden of proof?
A) Best Evidence Rule
B) Res Gestae
C) Rule of Preponderance
D) Equiponderance Rule
  • 14. In the hierarchy of proof, which of the following requires the least amount of proof?
A) Clear and Convincing Evidence
B) Preponderance of Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 15. When evidence is described as credible, relevant, and sufficient to establish a fact, it is called.
A) Admissible Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Cumulative Evidence
D) Testimonial Evidence
  • 16. A police officer testifies that he personally recovered a gun from the suspect’s waist during arrest. The gun is later presented in court. Which correctly describes the evidentiary classification involved?
A) The narration converts the gun into documentary evidence.
B) Both the narration and the gun are testimonial evidence.
C) The narration and the gun are both documentary evidence.
D) The officer’s narration is testimonial; the gun itself is object evidence.
  • 17. A private document offered in evidence to prove its contents must first be
A) Presented through secondary evidence.
B) Admitted automatically since it is self-authenticating.
C) Authenticated by any person familiar with the signature appearing thereon.
D) Identified and compared by a handwriting expert alone.
  • 18. A surveillance video showing the accused receiving marked money is presented in court. The USB drive where the video is stored is considered
A) A surveillance video showing the accused receiving marked money is presented in court. The USB drive where the video is stored is considered.
B) Circumstantial evidence because it implies guilt.
C) Testimonial evidence since it reflects human narration.
D) Demonstrative evidence since it illustrates an act.
  • 19. Which statement correctly distinguishes object evidence from documentary evidence under the Rules on Evidence?
A) Documentary evidence can be offered without a witness if material; object evidence cannot.
B) Object evidence must be identified by a witness who saw its connection to the crime; documentary evidence must be authenticated to prove its genuineness.
C) Object evidence proves contents; documentary evidence proves physical existence.
D) Both require authentication by handwriting experts.
  • 20. A certified true copy of a public record issued by a government officer is presented. What form and status of evidence does it have?
A) Secondary evidence subject to best evidence rule.
B) Public document, admissible without further proof of its due execution.
C) Private document requiring authentication.
D) Object evidence needing physical identification.
  • 21. If a fingerprint lifted from the crime scene is offered to prove identity, the evidence is classified as
A) Object (real) evidence, subject to proper identification and chain of custody.
B) Circumstantial evidence only.
C) Testimonial evidence.
D) Documentary evidence because it is recorded
  • 22. The affidavit of a witness, if not testified to in open court, is
A) Mere hearsay and inadmissible, unless the affiant is presented for cross-examination.
B) Self-authenticating documentary evidence.
C) Real evidence under the rules.
D) Testimonial evidence of high probative value.
  • 23. When the defense introduces a diagram prepared by an expert witness to explain ballistic trajectories, the diagram is
A) Circumstantial evidence, since it suggests but does not prove fact.
B) Documentary evidence, since it has written markings.
C) Object evidence, since it is a tangible exhibit used to clarify testimony.
D) Hearsay evidence, since it is not based on personal knowledge.
  • 24. Under the Best Evidence Rule, when the original document has been lost or destroyed without bad faith, the secondary evidence admissible may consist of—
A) Both A and B.
B) Neither, since the document is already lost.
C) A photocopy or carbon copy, properly authenticated.
D) Oral testimony as to its contents.
  • 25. A forensic chemist testifies that the sachet he examined contained methamphetamine hydrochloride. The sachet itself is offered in court. To be admissible, it must be shown that—
A) It was photographed before trial.
B) The chemist’s testimony alone suffices for admissibility.
C) It was in the continuous custody of the police, establishing its chain of custody.
D) It was mentioned in the affidavit of arrest.
  • 26. A CCTV footage showing the accused entering the store before the robbery is presented in court. What kind of evidence is this?
A) Object evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 27. A witness testifies that he saw the accused stab the victim.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Hearsay evidence
C) Direct evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 28. A certified true copy of a birth certificate is presented to prove age.
A) Primary evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Secondary evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 29. A witness submits a sworn affidavit instead of personally testifying.
A) Hearsay evidence
B) Object evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 30. A photograph of the crime scene showing the victim’s location is shown in court.
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 31. A signed written contract is offered to prove the existence of an agreement.
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 32. A forensic expert states that the bullet found at the scene matches the accused’s firearm.
A) Direct evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 33. A pistol used in the commission of the crime is presented before the court.
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 34. A witness testifies that someone else told him the accused confessed.
A) Direct evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Hearsay evidence
  • 35. An investigator presents a sketch of the accident scene to illustrate his testimony.
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Circumstantial evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 36. A DNA analysis result matching the suspect’s blood sample is introduced.
A) Direct evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 37. The original land title is produced in court to prove ownership.
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Secondary evidence
C) Primary evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 38. A video of the accused reenacting how the crime was done is shown in court.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Direct evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 39. A witness testified that he saw the accused running from the scene after a gunshot.
A) Direct evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Hearsay evidence
  • 40. A handwritten letter by the accused admitting guilt is offered as evidence.
A) Circumstantial evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 41. Evidence is said to be admissible when it:
A) Is presented by the prosecution only
B) Supports the testimony of the witness
C) Is relevant and not excluded by the Rules of Court
D) Has a strong emotional impact on the jury
  • 42. The general rule on admissibility requires that evidence must be:
A) Original and signed
B) Supported by an affidavit
C) Competent and relevant
D) Certified by a notary public
  • 43. Which of the following best explains the purpose of the rule on admissibility of evidence?
A) To favor the prosecution
B) To limit the number of witnesses
C) To ensure speedy trial
D) To ensure that only reliable and lawful evidence is considered by the court
  • 44. What kind of evidence is inadmissible even if relevant?
A) Documentary evidence authenticated by a custodian
B) Evidence obtained in violation of constitutional rights
C) Evidence properly identified in open court
D) Testimony based on personal knowledge
  • 45. Which rule provides that evidence must be both relevant and competent?
A) Rule 128, Section 3
B) Rule 130, Section 4
C) Rule 131, Section 1
D) Rule 129, Section 1
  • 46. A police officer illegally searches a house without a warrant and finds drugs. The prosecution offers them as evidence. Applying the rule on admissibility, the court should:
A) Exclude it only if the defense objects
B) Admit the evidence because it is material
C) Exclude it because it was obtained illegally
D) Admit it because it proves guilt
  • 47. A witness testifies about a conversation he overheard between two accused persons. The testimony is objected to as hearsay. Applying the rules, the court should:
A) Admit it because it was said in public
B) Exclude it only if the defense requests
C) Admit it because it came from the accused
D) Exclude it as it was not based on personal knowledge
  • 48. During trial, a photocopy of a contract is presented without explaining the loss of the original. Applying the rules, the photocopy is:
A) Inadmissible for failure to comply with the best evidence rule
B) Admissible only if notarized
C) Admissible as best evidence
D) Admissible since it is a copy
  • 49. A confession made by an accused without the assistance of counsel is offered as evidence. Applying the constitutional rule, such confession is:
A) Admissible as an exception
B) Admissible if reduced to writing
C) Inadmissible for violation of the right to counsel
D) Admissible if voluntarily made
  • 50. The prosecution offers a video recording obtained from a CCTV camera. The defense objects on the ground that it was tampered with. Applying the rules, the court should:
A) Exclude it automatically
B) Admit it if it favors the prosecution
C) Admit it without question
D) Admit it if authentication proves it is genuine
  • 51. Evidence is both relevant and material, but it was obtained through entrapment involving police coercion. Analyze its admissibility.
A) Inadmissible only if not signed by witnesses
B) Admissible because it proves guilt
C) Admissible because entrapment is allowed
D) Inadmissible because the method violated due process
  • 52. A dying declaration is admitted despite being hearsay. Analyze why this is allowed
A) The statement was recorded
B) The declarant’s statement is presumed truthful due to impending death
C) The witness was credible
D) It is supported by physical evidence
  • 53. The prosecution presents circumstantial evidence linking the accused to the crime. Analyze the condition for its admissibility.
A) It must be at least three circumstances only
B) It must be direct and absolute
C) It must be supported by hearsay statements
D) It must form an unbroken chain leading to a fair conclusion of guilt
  • 54. The defense offers a confession that was obtained before counsel arrived but later confirmed by the accused in open court. Analyze if it is admissible.
A) Inadmissible unless written
B) Admissible because it was affirmed voluntarily
C) Inadmissible because the original confession was tainted
D) Admissible only with corroboration
  • 55. Two pieces of evidence are both admissible but contradict each other. Analyze how the court should treat them.
A) Automatically favor the defense
B) Automatically favor the prosecution
C) Exclude both pieces of evidence
D) Give more weight to the more credible and consistent evidence
  • 56. When a party offers documentary evidence in court, what must accompany the offer?
A) The affidavit of the custodian
B) The oral testimony of the party
C) A statement identifying and describing the document’s purpose
D) The document alone
  • 57. When must evidence be formally offered during trial?
A) At the beginning of the case
B) After all witnesses have testified
C) During closing arguments
D) When the evidence is identified by the witness
  • 58. Oral testimony must be offered:
A) After cross-examination
B) Before documentary evidence
C) After closing arguments
D) At the time the witness is called to testify
  • 59. Failure to make a timely objection to inadmissible evidence results in:
A) Exclusion of evidence
B) Suspension of proceedings
C) Reversal of judgment
D) Waiver of objection
  • 60. The main reason for formally offering evidence is to:
A) Allow the court to rule on admissibility
B) Assist in witness examination
C) Guarantee appeal rights
D) Expedite the trial process
  • 61. Documentary evidence that is not formally offered in court is:
A) Deemed admitted automatically
B) Valid if attached to pleadings
C) Considered but not given weight
D) Disregarded by the court
  • 62. A general objection is insufficient when:
A) The evidence is irrelevant
B) The witness is incompetent
C) The ground for objection is not apparent
D) The testimony is cumulative
  • 63. To preserve the right to object, counsel must object:
A) During cross-examination
B) In a written memorandum
C) After the witness answers
D) Before the answer is given
  • 64. During trial, a witness begins to narrate a story containing hearsay information. Counsel must immediately:
A) Object before the witness continues
B) Let the witness finish then object
C) Move to strike out the testimony after it’s completed
D) File a written motion later
  • 65. The prosecutor offers a photograph into evidence without explaining its purpose. Defense counsel objects. The court should:
A) Admit it since it’s already marked
B) Allow explanation later
C) Admit it provisionally
D) Deny it for lack of proper offer
  • 66. Defense counsel forgot to object to an irrelevant question, and the answer was recorded. Later, he argues the answer should be excluded. What is the effect?
A) The evidence becomes void
B) The court may suspend proceedings
C) The judge must disregard it
D) The objection is waived
  • 67. A lawyer objects to a document on the ground of irrelevance. What should the proponent do to sustain admission?
A) Argue that all evidence is relevant
B) Refile it with an affidavit
C) Show its connection to a material issue
D) Withdraw and substitute it
  • 68. During cross-examination, opposing counsel offers a letter not yet identified by any witness. The proper objection is:
A) Lack of authentication
B) Violation of best evidence rule
C) Irrelevance
D) Improper cross-examination
  • 69. A document was marked and discussed during trial but never formally offered. The judge considers it in deciding the case. On appeal, what is the ruling?
A) The ruling is discretionary
B) The document should be excluded
C) The document is admissible
D) The court may still affirm the decision
  • 70. Counsel objects to an exhibit as hearsay but fails to specify the reason. The court admits it. Later, counsel raises the issue on appeal. What is the consequence?
A) The evidence is void
B) The objection is deemed waived
C) The appellate court must review the case
D) The evidence loses probative value
  • 71. Which of the following best describes documentary evidence?
A) Any object presented for the inspection of the court
B) Oral statements made outside the courtroom
C) Testimony given by a witness under oath
D) Any written instrument offered as proof of facts in issue
  • 72. Before a documentary evidence is admitted, it must first be:
A) Certified by the judge
B) Identified and authenticated by a competent witness
C) Shown to the opposing counsel only
D) Filed before the start of trial
  • 73. The purpose of authentication of documentary evidence is to:
A) Prove that it is the original document
B) Confirm its availability for inspection
C) Ensure that it was properly notarized
D) Establish its genuineness and due execution
  • 74. A private document becomes admissible in evidence once it is:
A) Authenticated by someone who saw it executed or recognized the signature
B) Filed in the records of the court
C) Certified by the clerk of court
D) Acknowledged by both parties
  • 75. A public document is presumed to be genuine because it:
A) Is executed or issued by a public officer in performance of official duties
B) Was written by a lawyer
C) Has been signed before a notary public
D) Bears the seal of the Republic of the Philippines
  • 76. When the original document is unavailable, the rules allow:
A) Substitution by oral testimony
B) Presentation of secondary evidence upon proper explanation of loss
C) Use of a photocopy without justification
D) Admission by stipulation only
  • 77. The “best evidence rule” means that:
A) All documents must be notarized
B) The original document must be produced when the contents are in issue
C) Only public documents are acceptable
D) The most persuasive evidence should be used
  • 78. When the authenticity of a document is not disputed by the parties, the rule allows it to be:
A) Treated as secondary evidence
B) Admitted without further proof
C) Excluded for lack of foundation
D) Dismissed as irrelevant
  • 79. A lawyer offers in evidence a photocopy of a contract, claiming the original was destroyed in a fire. What must the lawyer first do?
A) Prove the existence and loss of the original before introducing the copy
B) Submit an affidavit of loss only
C) Present the photocopy immediately
D) Request the court to assume the original was lost
  • 80. A notarial document executed by a public officer is offered in court. What is the correct procedure for presenting it?
A) It may be presented directly without further authentication
B) It must be accompanied by oral testimony
C) It must be verified by both parties
D) It requires comparison of handwriting
  • 81. During trial, a witness identifies a private letter signed by the accused. Which rule is applied to admit this letter as evidence?
A) Hearsay rule
B) Parol evidence rule
C) Best evidence rule
D) Authentication of private document
  • 82. If the opposing counsel admits the genuineness of a document during pre-trial, what is its effect?
A) The document becomes automatically admissible without authentication
B) The document must still be notarized
C) The document still needs formal offer
D) The court disregards the admission
  • 83. A party wants to prove the contents of an old public record kept in the government archive. Which is the proper evidence to present?
A) A news article quoting the document
B) Oral testimony of a government employee
C) A copy certified by the legal custodian of the record
D) A handwritten copy by the lawyer
  • 84. A duplicate original of a notarized contract is presented. The opposing party objects, claiming it is not the “best evidence.” What is the ruling?
A) The duplicate original is admissible as it has equal legal force
B) The duplicate must first be notarized again
C) The objection is valid; only one original is allowed
D) The court must issue an order to produce the first copy
  • 85. A party offers a private document in evidence without identifying the signatures. What should the judge do under the rules?
A) Admit the document because it is relevant
B) Require only a photocopy
C) Allow it if the other party remains silent
D) Reject it for lack of authentication
  • 86. What does sufficiency of evidence primarily refer to in legal proceedings?
A) The adequacy of evidence to sustain a verdict
B) The credibility of the witness alone
C) The quantity of witnesses presented
D) The materiality of the documents submitted
  • 87. Evidence is said to be sufficient when:
A) It creates mere suspicion of guilt
B) It is circumstantial and weak
C) It is admissible but not credible
D) It convinces the court beyond reasonable doubt or meets the required standard of proof
  • 88. Which of the following best explains “insufficient evidence”?
A) The evidence is irrelevant but credible
B) The evidence is abundant but immaterial
C) The evidence fails to meet the degree of proof required by law
D) The evidence cannot be admitted in court
  • 89. In a criminal case, the sufficiency of evidence is determined by whether it can:
A) Support a civil action
B) Establish probable cause
C) Prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt
D) Produce a presumption of guilt
  • 90. In a civil case, sufficiency of evidence is measured by:
A) Substantial evidence
B) Moral certainty
C) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
D) Preponderance of evidence
  • 91. The sufficiency of evidence is concerned mainly with:
A) The weight and convincing character of the proof presented
B) The source of the evidence
C) The admissibility of the evidence
D) The numerical count of the witnesses
  • 92. The admissibility of the evidence
A) When the case is appealed
B) When the evidence fails to establish a prima facie case
C) When both parties submit identical evidence
D) When evidence presented is too technical
  • 93. “Sufficient evidence” means:
A) The minimum proof required to justify a finding in favor of a party
B) The evidence that is always direct in nature
C) The evidence that may exist but does not relate to the issue
D) The evidence that may exist but does not relate to the issue
  • 94. The concept of sufficiency of evidence ensures that:
A) The number of witnesses determines the outcome
B) The judgment is based on the totality of relevant and credible proofs
C) The number of witnesses determines the outcome
D) The judge is free to decide without reference to the evidence
  • 95. The test of sufficiency of evidence is:
A) Whether all evidence is documentary in nature
B) Whether the evidence comes from the prosecution only
C) Whether the judge believes the accused
D) Whether a reasonable mind might accept it as adequate to support a conclusion
  • 96. The sufficiency of evidence relates to the:
A) Quality rather than quantity of evidence
B) Cost of the proceedings
C) Number of witnesses produced
D) Type of document presented
  • 97. In administrative cases, evidence is sufficient if it meets the standard of:
A) Clear and convincing evidence
B) Beyond reasonable doubt
C) Preponderance of evidence
D) Substantial evidence
  • 98. Which statement best distinguishes sufficiency from admissibility?
A) Admissibility refers to whether evidence may be received; sufficiency concerns whether it can prove the fact
B) Both terms mean the same
C) Admissibility concerns the weight of evidence
D) Sufficiency deals with the competence of evidence
  • 99. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates sufficient evidence?
A) Evidence that is conflicting and unreliable
B) Evidence that slightly suggests the fact in issue
C) Evidence that fully establishes a fact as required by law
D) Evidence that is immaterial but numerous
  • 100. The judge determines the sufficiency of evidence by evaluating:
A) The totality and probative force of all admitted proofs
B) The demeanor of the lawyer
C) The time consumed in trial
D) The objections of the opposing counsel
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