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CLJ5-CEVIDE - Quiz
Contributed by: Three
  • 1. Which term refers to any matter of fact that a party offers to prove or disprove a claim in court?
A) Evidence
B) Proof
C) Fact
D) Testimony
  • 2. What is the degree of proof required in criminal cases, ensuring moral certainty of guilt?
A) Circumstantial Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
  • 3. Which standard of proof is used in administrative cases and requires such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Direct Evidence
  • 4. In civil cases, which degree of proof requires that the evidence on one side is more convincing than that of the other?
A) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
B) Equipoise of Evidence
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 5. When the evidence of both parties is balanced, and the case must be resolved in favor of the defendant, it is called.
A) Preponderance of Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Equiponderance of Evidence
  • 6. Which term means that the evidence presented by both sides is equal in weight and credibility?
A) Equipoise of Evidence
B) Preponderance of Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 7. Which of the following is not a degree of proof recognized by the Rules of Court?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Clear and Convincing Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Equipoise of Evidence
  • 8. What is the lowest degree of proof used in administrative proceedings?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Equiponderance of Evidence
  • 9. When the evidence of guilt and innocence are equal, the accused must be acquitted because of.
A) Preponderance of Evidence
B) Equipoise of Evidence Rule
C) Best Evidence Rule
D) Substantial Evidence Doctrine
  • 10. Which term refers to the totality of evidence presented by a party to prove a fact in issue?
A) Testimony
B) Documentary Evidence
C) Object Evidence
D) Proof
  • 11. hen the scales of evidence are equally balanced, and the doubt favors the accused, this principle applies
A) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
B) sumption of Innocence
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 12. Which of the following requires the highest level of certainty before a conviction can be made?
A) Circumstantial Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 13. Which rule dictates that when evidence is equally balanced, the case should be decided against the party who has the burden of proof?
A) Rule of Preponderance
B) Res Gestae
C) Equiponderance Rule
D) Best Evidence Rule
  • 14. In the hierarchy of proof, which of the following requires the least amount of proof?
A) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
B) Preponderance of Evidence
C) Clear and Convincing Evidence
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 15. When evidence is described as credible, relevant, and sufficient to establish a fact, it is called.
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Admissible Evidence
C) Testimonial Evidence
D) Cumulative Evidence
  • 16. A police officer testifies that he personally recovered a gun from the suspect’s waist during arrest. The gun is later presented in court. Which correctly describes the evidentiary classification involved?
A) The narration converts the gun into documentary evidence.
B) The narration and the gun are both documentary evidence.
C) The officer’s narration is testimonial; the gun itself is object evidence.
D) Both the narration and the gun are testimonial evidence.
  • 17. A private document offered in evidence to prove its contents must first be
A) Admitted automatically since it is self-authenticating.
B) Presented through secondary evidence.
C) Identified and compared by a handwriting expert alone.
D) Authenticated by any person familiar with the signature appearing thereon.
  • 18. A surveillance video showing the accused receiving marked money is presented in court. The USB drive where the video is stored is considered
A) Circumstantial evidence because it implies guilt.
B) A surveillance video showing the accused receiving marked money is presented in court. The USB drive where the video is stored is considered.
C) Testimonial evidence since it reflects human narration.
D) Demonstrative evidence since it illustrates an act.
  • 19. Which statement correctly distinguishes object evidence from documentary evidence under the Rules on Evidence?
A) Object evidence must be identified by a witness who saw its connection to the crime; documentary evidence must be authenticated to prove its genuineness.
B) Object evidence proves contents; documentary evidence proves physical existence.
C) Documentary evidence can be offered without a witness if material; object evidence cannot.
D) Both require authentication by handwriting experts.
  • 20. A certified true copy of a public record issued by a government officer is presented. What form and status of evidence does it have?
A) Object evidence needing physical identification.
B) Public document, admissible without further proof of its due execution.
C) Secondary evidence subject to best evidence rule.
D) Private document requiring authentication.
  • 21. If a fingerprint lifted from the crime scene is offered to prove identity, the evidence is classified as
A) Object (real) evidence, subject to proper identification and chain of custody.
B) Circumstantial evidence only.
C) Documentary evidence because it is recorded
D) Testimonial evidence.
  • 22. The affidavit of a witness, if not testified to in open court, is
A) Mere hearsay and inadmissible, unless the affiant is presented for cross-examination.
B) Self-authenticating documentary evidence.
C) Testimonial evidence of high probative value.
D) Real evidence under the rules.
  • 23. When the defense introduces a diagram prepared by an expert witness to explain ballistic trajectories, the diagram is
A) Hearsay evidence, since it is not based on personal knowledge.
B) Documentary evidence, since it has written markings.
C) Object evidence, since it is a tangible exhibit used to clarify testimony.
D) Circumstantial evidence, since it suggests but does not prove fact.
  • 24. Under the Best Evidence Rule, when the original document has been lost or destroyed without bad faith, the secondary evidence admissible may consist of—
A) Both A and B.
B) Neither, since the document is already lost.
C) Oral testimony as to its contents.
D) A photocopy or carbon copy, properly authenticated.
  • 25. A forensic chemist testifies that the sachet he examined contained methamphetamine hydrochloride. The sachet itself is offered in court. To be admissible, it must be shown that—
A) It was in the continuous custody of the police, establishing its chain of custody.
B) It was photographed before trial.
C) The chemist’s testimony alone suffices for admissibility.
D) It was mentioned in the affidavit of arrest.
  • 26. A CCTV footage showing the accused entering the store before the robbery is presented in court. What kind of evidence is this?
A) Circumstantial evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 27. A witness testifies that he saw the accused stab the victim.
A) Hearsay evidence
B) Direct evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 28. A certified true copy of a birth certificate is presented to prove age.
A) Primary evidence
B) Secondary evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 29. A witness submits a sworn affidavit instead of personally testifying.
A) Hearsay evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 30. A photograph of the crime scene showing the victim’s location is shown in court.
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 31. A signed written contract is offered to prove the existence of an agreement.
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Circumstantial evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 32. A forensic expert states that the bullet found at the scene matches the accused’s firearm.
A) Direct evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 33. A pistol used in the commission of the crime is presented before the court.
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Object evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 34. A witness testifies that someone else told him the accused confessed.
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Hearsay evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Direct evidence
  • 35. An investigator presents a sketch of the accident scene to illustrate his testimony.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Demonstrative evidence
  • 36. A DNA analysis result matching the suspect’s blood sample is introduced.
A) Circumstantial evidence
B) Object evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Direct evidence
  • 37. The original land title is produced in court to prove ownership.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Secondary evidence
C) Primary evidence
D) Demonstrative evidence
  • 38. A video of the accused reenacting how the crime was done is shown in court.
A) Direct evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 39. A witness testified that he saw the accused running from the scene after a gunshot.
A) Hearsay evidence
B) Direct evidence
C) Circumstantial evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 40. A handwritten letter by the accused admitting guilt is offered as evidence.
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Object evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 41. Evidence is said to be admissible when it:
A) Is relevant and not excluded by the Rules of Court
B) Is presented by the prosecution only
C) Supports the testimony of the witness
D) Has a strong emotional impact on the jury
  • 42. The general rule on admissibility requires that evidence must be:
A) Original and signed
B) Supported by an affidavit
C) Competent and relevant
D) Certified by a notary public
  • 43. Which of the following best explains the purpose of the rule on admissibility of evidence?
A) To ensure that only reliable and lawful evidence is considered by the court
B) To ensure speedy trial
C) To limit the number of witnesses
D) To favor the prosecution
  • 44. What kind of evidence is inadmissible even if relevant?
A) Evidence obtained in violation of constitutional rights
B) Documentary evidence authenticated by a custodian
C) Testimony based on personal knowledge
D) Evidence properly identified in open court
  • 45. Which rule provides that evidence must be both relevant and competent?
A) Rule 131, Section 1
B) Rule 130, Section 4
C) Rule 129, Section 1
D) Rule 128, Section 3
  • 46. A police officer illegally searches a house without a warrant and finds drugs. The prosecution offers them as evidence. Applying the rule on admissibility, the court should:
A) Exclude it because it was obtained illegally
B) Admit it because it proves guilt
C) Admit the evidence because it is material
D) Exclude it only if the defense objects
  • 47. A witness testifies about a conversation he overheard between two accused persons. The testimony is objected to as hearsay. Applying the rules, the court should:
A) Admit it because it was said in public
B) Admit it because it came from the accused
C) Exclude it only if the defense requests
D) Exclude it as it was not based on personal knowledge
  • 48. During trial, a photocopy of a contract is presented without explaining the loss of the original. Applying the rules, the photocopy is:
A) Admissible since it is a copy
B) Admissible as best evidence
C) Admissible only if notarized
D) Inadmissible for failure to comply with the best evidence rule
  • 49. A confession made by an accused without the assistance of counsel is offered as evidence. Applying the constitutional rule, such confession is:
A) Admissible as an exception
B) Inadmissible for violation of the right to counsel
C) Admissible if voluntarily made
D) Admissible if reduced to writing
  • 50. The prosecution offers a video recording obtained from a CCTV camera. The defense objects on the ground that it was tampered with. Applying the rules, the court should:
A) Admit it if it favors the prosecution
B) Admit it without question
C) Admit it if authentication proves it is genuine
D) Exclude it automatically
  • 51. Evidence is both relevant and material, but it was obtained through entrapment involving police coercion. Analyze its admissibility.
A) Admissible because entrapment is allowed
B) Inadmissible because the method violated due process
C) Inadmissible only if not signed by witnesses
D) Admissible because it proves guilt
  • 52. A dying declaration is admitted despite being hearsay. Analyze why this is allowed
A) The statement was recorded
B) It is supported by physical evidence
C) The witness was credible
D) The declarant’s statement is presumed truthful due to impending death
  • 53. The prosecution presents circumstantial evidence linking the accused to the crime. Analyze the condition for its admissibility.
A) It must be supported by hearsay statements
B) It must form an unbroken chain leading to a fair conclusion of guilt
C) It must be at least three circumstances only
D) It must be direct and absolute
  • 54. The defense offers a confession that was obtained before counsel arrived but later confirmed by the accused in open court. Analyze if it is admissible.
A) Inadmissible unless written
B) Admissible only with corroboration
C) Inadmissible because the original confession was tainted
D) Admissible because it was affirmed voluntarily
  • 55. Two pieces of evidence are both admissible but contradict each other. Analyze how the court should treat them.
A) Exclude both pieces of evidence
B) Give more weight to the more credible and consistent evidence
C) Automatically favor the defense
D) Automatically favor the prosecution
  • 56. When a party offers documentary evidence in court, what must accompany the offer?
A) The oral testimony of the party
B) The affidavit of the custodian
C) A statement identifying and describing the document’s purpose
D) The document alone
  • 57. When must evidence be formally offered during trial?
A) At the beginning of the case
B) During closing arguments
C) When the evidence is identified by the witness
D) After all witnesses have testified
  • 58. Oral testimony must be offered:
A) Before documentary evidence
B) After closing arguments
C) After cross-examination
D) At the time the witness is called to testify
  • 59. Failure to make a timely objection to inadmissible evidence results in:
A) Exclusion of evidence
B) Suspension of proceedings
C) Waiver of objection
D) Reversal of judgment
  • 60. The main reason for formally offering evidence is to:
A) Assist in witness examination
B) Guarantee appeal rights
C) Allow the court to rule on admissibility
D) Expedite the trial process
  • 61. Documentary evidence that is not formally offered in court is:
A) Valid if attached to pleadings
B) Disregarded by the court
C) Deemed admitted automatically
D) Considered but not given weight
  • 62. A general objection is insufficient when:
A) The testimony is cumulative
B) The ground for objection is not apparent
C) The evidence is irrelevant
D) The witness is incompetent
  • 63. To preserve the right to object, counsel must object:
A) After the witness answers
B) During cross-examination
C) In a written memorandum
D) Before the answer is given
  • 64. During trial, a witness begins to narrate a story containing hearsay information. Counsel must immediately:
A) Object before the witness continues
B) Let the witness finish then object
C) Move to strike out the testimony after it’s completed
D) File a written motion later
  • 65. The prosecutor offers a photograph into evidence without explaining its purpose. Defense counsel objects. The court should:
A) Admit it since it’s already marked
B) Deny it for lack of proper offer
C) Admit it provisionally
D) Allow explanation later
  • 66. Defense counsel forgot to object to an irrelevant question, and the answer was recorded. Later, he argues the answer should be excluded. What is the effect?
A) The judge must disregard it
B) The court may suspend proceedings
C) The evidence becomes void
D) The objection is waived
  • 67. A lawyer objects to a document on the ground of irrelevance. What should the proponent do to sustain admission?
A) Argue that all evidence is relevant
B) Withdraw and substitute it
C) Show its connection to a material issue
D) Refile it with an affidavit
  • 68. During cross-examination, opposing counsel offers a letter not yet identified by any witness. The proper objection is:
A) Lack of authentication
B) Improper cross-examination
C) Irrelevance
D) Violation of best evidence rule
  • 69. A document was marked and discussed during trial but never formally offered. The judge considers it in deciding the case. On appeal, what is the ruling?
A) The ruling is discretionary
B) The document is admissible
C) The court may still affirm the decision
D) The document should be excluded
  • 70. Counsel objects to an exhibit as hearsay but fails to specify the reason. The court admits it. Later, counsel raises the issue on appeal. What is the consequence?
A) The evidence is void
B) The evidence loses probative value
C) The appellate court must review the case
D) The objection is deemed waived
  • 71. Which of the following best describes documentary evidence?
A) Any written instrument offered as proof of facts in issue
B) Oral statements made outside the courtroom
C) Any object presented for the inspection of the court
D) Testimony given by a witness under oath
  • 72. Before a documentary evidence is admitted, it must first be:
A) Identified and authenticated by a competent witness
B) Filed before the start of trial
C) Certified by the judge
D) Shown to the opposing counsel only
  • 73. The purpose of authentication of documentary evidence is to:
A) Prove that it is the original document
B) Confirm its availability for inspection
C) Ensure that it was properly notarized
D) Establish its genuineness and due execution
  • 74. A private document becomes admissible in evidence once it is:
A) Filed in the records of the court
B) Authenticated by someone who saw it executed or recognized the signature
C) Certified by the clerk of court
D) Acknowledged by both parties
  • 75. A public document is presumed to be genuine because it:
A) Has been signed before a notary public
B) Is executed or issued by a public officer in performance of official duties
C) Bears the seal of the Republic of the Philippines
D) Was written by a lawyer
  • 76. When the original document is unavailable, the rules allow:
A) Presentation of secondary evidence upon proper explanation of loss
B) Admission by stipulation only
C) Substitution by oral testimony
D) Use of a photocopy without justification
  • 77. The “best evidence rule” means that:
A) All documents must be notarized
B) Only public documents are acceptable
C) The most persuasive evidence should be used
D) The original document must be produced when the contents are in issue
  • 78. When the authenticity of a document is not disputed by the parties, the rule allows it to be:
A) Admitted without further proof
B) Excluded for lack of foundation
C) Treated as secondary evidence
D) Dismissed as irrelevant
  • 79. A lawyer offers in evidence a photocopy of a contract, claiming the original was destroyed in a fire. What must the lawyer first do?
A) Request the court to assume the original was lost
B) Prove the existence and loss of the original before introducing the copy
C) Present the photocopy immediately
D) Submit an affidavit of loss only
  • 80. A notarial document executed by a public officer is offered in court. What is the correct procedure for presenting it?
A) It must be verified by both parties
B) It must be accompanied by oral testimony
C) It may be presented directly without further authentication
D) It requires comparison of handwriting
  • 81. During trial, a witness identifies a private letter signed by the accused. Which rule is applied to admit this letter as evidence?
A) Hearsay rule
B) Parol evidence rule
C) Best evidence rule
D) Authentication of private document
  • 82. If the opposing counsel admits the genuineness of a document during pre-trial, what is its effect?
A) The document still needs formal offer
B) The court disregards the admission
C) The document becomes automatically admissible without authentication
D) The document must still be notarized
  • 83. A party wants to prove the contents of an old public record kept in the government archive. Which is the proper evidence to present?
A) A news article quoting the document
B) A copy certified by the legal custodian of the record
C) Oral testimony of a government employee
D) A handwritten copy by the lawyer
  • 84. A duplicate original of a notarized contract is presented. The opposing party objects, claiming it is not the “best evidence.” What is the ruling?
A) The objection is valid; only one original is allowed
B) The duplicate original is admissible as it has equal legal force
C) The duplicate must first be notarized again
D) The court must issue an order to produce the first copy
  • 85. A party offers a private document in evidence without identifying the signatures. What should the judge do under the rules?
A) Reject it for lack of authentication
B) Admit the document because it is relevant
C) Require only a photocopy
D) Allow it if the other party remains silent
  • 86. What does sufficiency of evidence primarily refer to in legal proceedings?
A) The quantity of witnesses presented
B) The credibility of the witness alone
C) The materiality of the documents submitted
D) The adequacy of evidence to sustain a verdict
  • 87. Evidence is said to be sufficient when:
A) It is circumstantial and weak
B) It creates mere suspicion of guilt
C) It is admissible but not credible
D) It convinces the court beyond reasonable doubt or meets the required standard of proof
  • 88. Which of the following best explains “insufficient evidence”?
A) The evidence is irrelevant but credible
B) The evidence fails to meet the degree of proof required by law
C) The evidence is abundant but immaterial
D) The evidence cannot be admitted in court
  • 89. In a criminal case, the sufficiency of evidence is determined by whether it can:
A) Establish probable cause
B) Produce a presumption of guilt
C) Prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt
D) Support a civil action
  • 90. In a civil case, sufficiency of evidence is measured by:
A) Substantial evidence
B) Moral certainty
C) Preponderance of evidence
D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
  • 91. The sufficiency of evidence is concerned mainly with:
A) The admissibility of the evidence
B) The weight and convincing character of the proof presented
C) The source of the evidence
D) The numerical count of the witnesses
  • 92. The admissibility of the evidence
A) When evidence presented is too technical
B) When the evidence fails to establish a prima facie case
C) When the case is appealed
D) When both parties submit identical evidence
  • 93. “Sufficient evidence” means:
A) The evidence that may exist but does not relate to the issue
B) The minimum proof required to justify a finding in favor of a party
C) The evidence that may exist but does not relate to the issue
D) The evidence that is always direct in nature
  • 94. The concept of sufficiency of evidence ensures that:
A) The number of witnesses determines the outcome
B) The judge is free to decide without reference to the evidence
C) The number of witnesses determines the outcome
D) The judgment is based on the totality of relevant and credible proofs
  • 95. The test of sufficiency of evidence is:
A) Whether the judge believes the accused
B) Whether the evidence comes from the prosecution only
C) Whether a reasonable mind might accept it as adequate to support a conclusion
D) Whether all evidence is documentary in nature
  • 96. The sufficiency of evidence relates to the:
A) Type of document presented
B) Quality rather than quantity of evidence
C) Cost of the proceedings
D) Number of witnesses produced
  • 97. In administrative cases, evidence is sufficient if it meets the standard of:
A) Preponderance of evidence
B) Beyond reasonable doubt
C) Clear and convincing evidence
D) Substantial evidence
  • 98. Which statement best distinguishes sufficiency from admissibility?
A) Both terms mean the same
B) Admissibility concerns the weight of evidence
C) Admissibility refers to whether evidence may be received; sufficiency concerns whether it can prove the fact
D) Sufficiency deals with the competence of evidence
  • 99. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates sufficient evidence?
A) Evidence that fully establishes a fact as required by law
B) Evidence that is immaterial but numerous
C) Evidence that is conflicting and unreliable
D) Evidence that slightly suggests the fact in issue
  • 100. The judge determines the sufficiency of evidence by evaluating:
A) The totality and probative force of all admitted proofs
B) The time consumed in trial
C) The demeanor of the lawyer
D) The objections of the opposing counsel
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