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CLJ5-CEVIDE
Contributed by: Three
  • 1. Which term refers to any matter of fact that a party offers to prove or disprove a claim in court?
A) Evidence
B) Testimony
C) Proof
D) Fact
  • 2. What is the degree of proof required in criminal cases, ensuring moral certainty of guilt?
A) Circumstantial Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 3. Which standard of proof is used in administrative cases and requires such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion?
A) Preponderance of Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Direct Evidence
  • 4. In civil cases, which degree of proof requires that the evidence on one side is more convincing than that of the other?
A) Equipoise of Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
  • 5. When the evidence of both parties is balanced, and the case must be resolved in favor of the defendant, it is called.
A) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
B) Preponderance of Evidence
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Equiponderance of Evidence
  • 6. Which term means that the evidence presented by both sides is equal in weight and credibility?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Equipoise of Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 7. Which of the following is not a degree of proof recognized by the Rules of Court?
A) Equipoise of Evidence
B) Clear and Convincing Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 8. What is the lowest degree of proof used in administrative proceedings?
A) Preponderance of Evidence
B) Equiponderance of Evidence
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
  • 9. When the evidence of guilt and innocence are equal, the accused must be acquitted because of.
A) Substantial Evidence Doctrine
B) Best Evidence Rule
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Equipoise of Evidence Rule
  • 10. Which term refers to the totality of evidence presented by a party to prove a fact in issue?
A) Documentary Evidence
B) Proof
C) Object Evidence
D) Testimony
  • 11. hen the scales of evidence are equally balanced, and the doubt favors the accused, this principle applies
A) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
B) Preponderance of Evidence
C) Substantial Evidence
D) sumption of Innocence
  • 12. Which of the following requires the highest level of certainty before a conviction can be made?
A) Circumstantial Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 13. Which rule dictates that when evidence is equally balanced, the case should be decided against the party who has the burden of proof?
A) Res Gestae
B) Best Evidence Rule
C) Rule of Preponderance
D) Equiponderance Rule
  • 14. In the hierarchy of proof, which of the following requires the least amount of proof?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Clear and Convincing Evidence
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
  • 15. When evidence is described as credible, relevant, and sufficient to establish a fact, it is called.
A) Testimonial Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Admissible Evidence
D) Cumulative Evidence
  • 16. A police officer testifies that he personally recovered a gun from the suspect’s waist during arrest. The gun is later presented in court. Which correctly describes the evidentiary classification involved?
A) The officer’s narration is testimonial; the gun itself is object evidence.
B) The narration and the gun are both documentary evidence.
C) Both the narration and the gun are testimonial evidence.
D) The narration converts the gun into documentary evidence.
  • 17. A private document offered in evidence to prove its contents must first be
A) Admitted automatically since it is self-authenticating.
B) Authenticated by any person familiar with the signature appearing thereon.
C) Identified and compared by a handwriting expert alone.
D) Presented through secondary evidence.
  • 18. A surveillance video showing the accused receiving marked money is presented in court. The USB drive where the video is stored is considered
A) Testimonial evidence since it reflects human narration.
B) Circumstantial evidence because it implies guilt.
C) A surveillance video showing the accused receiving marked money is presented in court. The USB drive where the video is stored is considered.
D) Demonstrative evidence since it illustrates an act.
  • 19. Which statement correctly distinguishes object evidence from documentary evidence under the Rules on Evidence?
A) Object evidence must be identified by a witness who saw its connection to the crime; documentary evidence must be authenticated to prove its genuineness.
B) Documentary evidence can be offered without a witness if material; object evidence cannot.
C) Both require authentication by handwriting experts.
D) Object evidence proves contents; documentary evidence proves physical existence.
  • 20. A certified true copy of a public record issued by a government officer is presented. What form and status of evidence does it have?
A) Object evidence needing physical identification.
B) Private document requiring authentication.
C) Secondary evidence subject to best evidence rule.
D) Public document, admissible without further proof of its due execution.
  • 21. If a fingerprint lifted from the crime scene is offered to prove identity, the evidence is classified as
A) Documentary evidence because it is recorded
B) Testimonial evidence.
C) Circumstantial evidence only.
D) Object (real) evidence, subject to proper identification and chain of custody.
  • 22. The affidavit of a witness, if not testified to in open court, is
A) Self-authenticating documentary evidence.
B) Testimonial evidence of high probative value.
C) Mere hearsay and inadmissible, unless the affiant is presented for cross-examination.
D) Real evidence under the rules.
  • 23. When the defense introduces a diagram prepared by an expert witness to explain ballistic trajectories, the diagram is
A) Circumstantial evidence, since it suggests but does not prove fact.
B) Documentary evidence, since it has written markings.
C) Hearsay evidence, since it is not based on personal knowledge.
D) Object evidence, since it is a tangible exhibit used to clarify testimony.
  • 24. Under the Best Evidence Rule, when the original document has been lost or destroyed without bad faith, the secondary evidence admissible may consist of—
A) Both A and B.
B) Oral testimony as to its contents.
C) A photocopy or carbon copy, properly authenticated.
D) Neither, since the document is already lost.
  • 25. A forensic chemist testifies that the sachet he examined contained methamphetamine hydrochloride. The sachet itself is offered in court. To be admissible, it must be shown that—
A) It was mentioned in the affidavit of arrest.
B) The chemist’s testimony alone suffices for admissibility.
C) It was photographed before trial.
D) It was in the continuous custody of the police, establishing its chain of custody.
  • 26. A CCTV footage showing the accused entering the store before the robbery is presented in court. What kind of evidence is this?
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 27. A witness testifies that he saw the accused stab the victim.
A) Direct evidence
B) Hearsay evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 28. A certified true copy of a birth certificate is presented to prove age.
A) Object evidence
B) Primary evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Secondary evidence
  • 29. A witness submits a sworn affidavit instead of personally testifying.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Hearsay evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 30. A photograph of the crime scene showing the victim’s location is shown in court.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Demonstrative evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 31. A signed written contract is offered to prove the existence of an agreement.
A) Object evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 32. A forensic expert states that the bullet found at the scene matches the accused’s firearm.
A) Circumstantial evidence
B) Direct evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 33. A pistol used in the commission of the crime is presented before the court.
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 34. A witness testifies that someone else told him the accused confessed.
A) Hearsay evidence
B) Direct evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 35. An investigator presents a sketch of the accident scene to illustrate his testimony.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 36. A DNA analysis result matching the suspect’s blood sample is introduced.
A) Direct evidence
B) Object evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 37. The original land title is produced in court to prove ownership.
A) Secondary evidence
B) Primary evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Demonstrative evidence
  • 38. A video of the accused reenacting how the crime was done is shown in court.
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Direct evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 39. A witness testified that he saw the accused running from the scene after a gunshot.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Hearsay evidence
C) Circumstantial evidence
D) Direct evidence
  • 40. A handwritten letter by the accused admitting guilt is offered as evidence.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 41. Evidence is said to be admissible when it:
A) Has a strong emotional impact on the jury
B) Is relevant and not excluded by the Rules of Court
C) Is presented by the prosecution only
D) Supports the testimony of the witness
  • 42. The general rule on admissibility requires that evidence must be:
A) Certified by a notary public
B) Supported by an affidavit
C) Original and signed
D) Competent and relevant
  • 43. Which of the following best explains the purpose of the rule on admissibility of evidence?
A) To favor the prosecution
B) To limit the number of witnesses
C) To ensure speedy trial
D) To ensure that only reliable and lawful evidence is considered by the court
  • 44. What kind of evidence is inadmissible even if relevant?
A) Documentary evidence authenticated by a custodian
B) Evidence properly identified in open court
C) Testimony based on personal knowledge
D) Evidence obtained in violation of constitutional rights
  • 45. Which rule provides that evidence must be both relevant and competent?
A) Rule 130, Section 4
B) Rule 128, Section 3
C) Rule 131, Section 1
D) Rule 129, Section 1
  • 46. A police officer illegally searches a house without a warrant and finds drugs. The prosecution offers them as evidence. Applying the rule on admissibility, the court should:
A) Exclude it only if the defense objects
B) Admit the evidence because it is material
C) Admit it because it proves guilt
D) Exclude it because it was obtained illegally
  • 47. A witness testifies about a conversation he overheard between two accused persons. The testimony is objected to as hearsay. Applying the rules, the court should:
A) Admit it because it came from the accused
B) Exclude it only if the defense requests
C) Exclude it as it was not based on personal knowledge
D) Admit it because it was said in public
  • 48. During trial, a photocopy of a contract is presented without explaining the loss of the original. Applying the rules, the photocopy is:
A) Admissible as best evidence
B) Admissible since it is a copy
C) Inadmissible for failure to comply with the best evidence rule
D) Admissible only if notarized
  • 49. A confession made by an accused without the assistance of counsel is offered as evidence. Applying the constitutional rule, such confession is:
A) Admissible if voluntarily made
B) Admissible if reduced to writing
C) Admissible as an exception
D) Inadmissible for violation of the right to counsel
  • 50. The prosecution offers a video recording obtained from a CCTV camera. The defense objects on the ground that it was tampered with. Applying the rules, the court should:
A) Admit it if authentication proves it is genuine
B) Admit it without question
C) Exclude it automatically
D) Admit it if it favors the prosecution
  • 51. Evidence is both relevant and material, but it was obtained through entrapment involving police coercion. Analyze its admissibility.
A) Admissible because it proves guilt
B) Inadmissible only if not signed by witnesses
C) Inadmissible because the method violated due process
D) Admissible because entrapment is allowed
  • 52. A dying declaration is admitted despite being hearsay. Analyze why this is allowed
A) The witness was credible
B) The statement was recorded
C) It is supported by physical evidence
D) The declarant’s statement is presumed truthful due to impending death
  • 53. The prosecution presents circumstantial evidence linking the accused to the crime. Analyze the condition for its admissibility.
A) It must form an unbroken chain leading to a fair conclusion of guilt
B) It must be supported by hearsay statements
C) It must be at least three circumstances only
D) It must be direct and absolute
  • 54. The defense offers a confession that was obtained before counsel arrived but later confirmed by the accused in open court. Analyze if it is admissible.
A) Inadmissible because the original confession was tainted
B) Inadmissible unless written
C) Admissible because it was affirmed voluntarily
D) Admissible only with corroboration
  • 55. Two pieces of evidence are both admissible but contradict each other. Analyze how the court should treat them.
A) Automatically favor the defense
B) Exclude both pieces of evidence
C) Give more weight to the more credible and consistent evidence
D) Automatically favor the prosecution
  • 56. When a party offers documentary evidence in court, what must accompany the offer?
A) The oral testimony of the party
B) The affidavit of the custodian
C) A statement identifying and describing the document’s purpose
D) The document alone
  • 57. When must evidence be formally offered during trial?
A) After all witnesses have testified
B) When the evidence is identified by the witness
C) At the beginning of the case
D) During closing arguments
  • 58. Oral testimony must be offered:
A) At the time the witness is called to testify
B) After cross-examination
C) After closing arguments
D) Before documentary evidence
  • 59. Failure to make a timely objection to inadmissible evidence results in:
A) Reversal of judgment
B) Waiver of objection
C) Exclusion of evidence
D) Suspension of proceedings
  • 60. The main reason for formally offering evidence is to:
A) Expedite the trial process
B) Allow the court to rule on admissibility
C) Guarantee appeal rights
D) Assist in witness examination
  • 61. Documentary evidence that is not formally offered in court is:
A) Valid if attached to pleadings
B) Disregarded by the court
C) Deemed admitted automatically
D) Considered but not given weight
  • 62. A general objection is insufficient when:
A) The evidence is irrelevant
B) The testimony is cumulative
C) The witness is incompetent
D) The ground for objection is not apparent
  • 63. To preserve the right to object, counsel must object:
A) During cross-examination
B) Before the answer is given
C) In a written memorandum
D) After the witness answers
  • 64. During trial, a witness begins to narrate a story containing hearsay information. Counsel must immediately:
A) Object before the witness continues
B) File a written motion later
C) Let the witness finish then object
D) Move to strike out the testimony after it’s completed
  • 65. The prosecutor offers a photograph into evidence without explaining its purpose. Defense counsel objects. The court should:
A) Admit it since it’s already marked
B) Deny it for lack of proper offer
C) Admit it provisionally
D) Allow explanation later
  • 66. Defense counsel forgot to object to an irrelevant question, and the answer was recorded. Later, he argues the answer should be excluded. What is the effect?
A) The evidence becomes void
B) The court may suspend proceedings
C) The objection is waived
D) The judge must disregard it
  • 67. A lawyer objects to a document on the ground of irrelevance. What should the proponent do to sustain admission?
A) Withdraw and substitute it
B) Argue that all evidence is relevant
C) Refile it with an affidavit
D) Show its connection to a material issue
  • 68. During cross-examination, opposing counsel offers a letter not yet identified by any witness. The proper objection is:
A) Irrelevance
B) Lack of authentication
C) Violation of best evidence rule
D) Improper cross-examination
  • 69. A document was marked and discussed during trial but never formally offered. The judge considers it in deciding the case. On appeal, what is the ruling?
A) The court may still affirm the decision
B) The ruling is discretionary
C) The document is admissible
D) The document should be excluded
  • 70. Counsel objects to an exhibit as hearsay but fails to specify the reason. The court admits it. Later, counsel raises the issue on appeal. What is the consequence?
A) The objection is deemed waived
B) The evidence is void
C) The evidence loses probative value
D) The appellate court must review the case
  • 71. Which of the following best describes documentary evidence?
A) Testimony given by a witness under oath
B) Any object presented for the inspection of the court
C) Any written instrument offered as proof of facts in issue
D) Oral statements made outside the courtroom
  • 72. Before a documentary evidence is admitted, it must first be:
A) Identified and authenticated by a competent witness
B) Filed before the start of trial
C) Shown to the opposing counsel only
D) Certified by the judge
  • 73. The purpose of authentication of documentary evidence is to:
A) Establish its genuineness and due execution
B) Ensure that it was properly notarized
C) Confirm its availability for inspection
D) Prove that it is the original document
  • 74. A private document becomes admissible in evidence once it is:
A) Acknowledged by both parties
B) Certified by the clerk of court
C) Filed in the records of the court
D) Authenticated by someone who saw it executed or recognized the signature
  • 75. A public document is presumed to be genuine because it:
A) Has been signed before a notary public
B) Is executed or issued by a public officer in performance of official duties
C) Was written by a lawyer
D) Bears the seal of the Republic of the Philippines
  • 76. When the original document is unavailable, the rules allow:
A) Substitution by oral testimony
B) Use of a photocopy without justification
C) Admission by stipulation only
D) Presentation of secondary evidence upon proper explanation of loss
  • 77. The “best evidence rule” means that:
A) All documents must be notarized
B) The most persuasive evidence should be used
C) The original document must be produced when the contents are in issue
D) Only public documents are acceptable
  • 78. When the authenticity of a document is not disputed by the parties, the rule allows it to be:
A) Treated as secondary evidence
B) Admitted without further proof
C) Dismissed as irrelevant
D) Excluded for lack of foundation
  • 79. A lawyer offers in evidence a photocopy of a contract, claiming the original was destroyed in a fire. What must the lawyer first do?
A) Prove the existence and loss of the original before introducing the copy
B) Request the court to assume the original was lost
C) Submit an affidavit of loss only
D) Present the photocopy immediately
  • 80. A notarial document executed by a public officer is offered in court. What is the correct procedure for presenting it?
A) It must be accompanied by oral testimony
B) It may be presented directly without further authentication
C) It requires comparison of handwriting
D) It must be verified by both parties
  • 81. During trial, a witness identifies a private letter signed by the accused. Which rule is applied to admit this letter as evidence?
A) Hearsay rule
B) Authentication of private document
C) Best evidence rule
D) Parol evidence rule
  • 82. If the opposing counsel admits the genuineness of a document during pre-trial, what is its effect?
A) The court disregards the admission
B) The document must still be notarized
C) The document becomes automatically admissible without authentication
D) The document still needs formal offer
  • 83. A party wants to prove the contents of an old public record kept in the government archive. Which is the proper evidence to present?
A) A news article quoting the document
B) A handwritten copy by the lawyer
C) A copy certified by the legal custodian of the record
D) Oral testimony of a government employee
  • 84. A duplicate original of a notarized contract is presented. The opposing party objects, claiming it is not the “best evidence.” What is the ruling?
A) The objection is valid; only one original is allowed
B) The court must issue an order to produce the first copy
C) The duplicate must first be notarized again
D) The duplicate original is admissible as it has equal legal force
  • 85. A party offers a private document in evidence without identifying the signatures. What should the judge do under the rules?
A) Require only a photocopy
B) Allow it if the other party remains silent
C) Reject it for lack of authentication
D) Admit the document because it is relevant
  • 86. What does sufficiency of evidence primarily refer to in legal proceedings?
A) The materiality of the documents submitted
B) The credibility of the witness alone
C) The quantity of witnesses presented
D) The adequacy of evidence to sustain a verdict
  • 87. Evidence is said to be sufficient when:
A) It is circumstantial and weak
B) It convinces the court beyond reasonable doubt or meets the required standard of proof
C) It creates mere suspicion of guilt
D) It is admissible but not credible
  • 88. Which of the following best explains “insufficient evidence”?
A) The evidence fails to meet the degree of proof required by law
B) The evidence is abundant but immaterial
C) The evidence is irrelevant but credible
D) The evidence cannot be admitted in court
  • 89. In a criminal case, the sufficiency of evidence is determined by whether it can:
A) Establish probable cause
B) Support a civil action
C) Produce a presumption of guilt
D) Prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt
  • 90. In a civil case, sufficiency of evidence is measured by:
A) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
B) Moral certainty
C) Substantial evidence
D) Preponderance of evidence
  • 91. The sufficiency of evidence is concerned mainly with:
A) The source of the evidence
B) The admissibility of the evidence
C) The numerical count of the witnesses
D) The weight and convincing character of the proof presented
  • 92. The admissibility of the evidence
A) When the case is appealed
B) When both parties submit identical evidence
C) When evidence presented is too technical
D) When the evidence fails to establish a prima facie case
  • 93. “Sufficient evidence” means:
A) The evidence that may exist but does not relate to the issue
B) The minimum proof required to justify a finding in favor of a party
C) The evidence that may exist but does not relate to the issue
D) The evidence that is always direct in nature
  • 94. The concept of sufficiency of evidence ensures that:
A) The number of witnesses determines the outcome
B) The judge is free to decide without reference to the evidence
C) The number of witnesses determines the outcome
D) The judgment is based on the totality of relevant and credible proofs
  • 95. The test of sufficiency of evidence is:
A) Whether the evidence comes from the prosecution only
B) Whether the judge believes the accused
C) Whether all evidence is documentary in nature
D) Whether a reasonable mind might accept it as adequate to support a conclusion
  • 96. The sufficiency of evidence relates to the:
A) Quality rather than quantity of evidence
B) Cost of the proceedings
C) Number of witnesses produced
D) Type of document presented
  • 97. In administrative cases, evidence is sufficient if it meets the standard of:
A) Substantial evidence
B) Preponderance of evidence
C) Clear and convincing evidence
D) Beyond reasonable doubt
  • 98. Which statement best distinguishes sufficiency from admissibility?
A) Both terms mean the same
B) Admissibility refers to whether evidence may be received; sufficiency concerns whether it can prove the fact
C) Sufficiency deals with the competence of evidence
D) Admissibility concerns the weight of evidence
  • 99. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates sufficient evidence?
A) Evidence that is immaterial but numerous
B) Evidence that is conflicting and unreliable
C) Evidence that slightly suggests the fact in issue
D) Evidence that fully establishes a fact as required by law
  • 100. The judge determines the sufficiency of evidence by evaluating:
A) The objections of the opposing counsel
B) The time consumed in trial
C) The demeanor of the lawyer
D) The totality and probative force of all admitted proofs
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