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CLJ5-CEVIDE
Contributed by: Three
  • 1. Which term refers to any matter of fact that a party offers to prove or disprove a claim in court?
A) Testimony
B) Evidence
C) Proof
D) Fact
  • 2. What is the degree of proof required in criminal cases, ensuring moral certainty of guilt?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Preponderance of Evidence
C) Circumstantial Evidence
D) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
  • 3. Which standard of proof is used in administrative cases and requires such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion?
A) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
B) Direct Evidence
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 4. In civil cases, which degree of proof requires that the evidence on one side is more convincing than that of the other?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Equipoise of Evidence
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 5. When the evidence of both parties is balanced, and the case must be resolved in favor of the defendant, it is called.
A) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Equiponderance of Evidence
  • 6. Which term means that the evidence presented by both sides is equal in weight and credibility?
A) Preponderance of Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Equipoise of Evidence
D) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
  • 7. Which of the following is not a degree of proof recognized by the Rules of Court?
A) Clear and Convincing Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Equipoise of Evidence
  • 8. What is the lowest degree of proof used in administrative proceedings?
A) Equiponderance of Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 9. When the evidence of guilt and innocence are equal, the accused must be acquitted because of.
A) Preponderance of Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence Doctrine
C) Best Evidence Rule
D) Equipoise of Evidence Rule
  • 10. Which term refers to the totality of evidence presented by a party to prove a fact in issue?
A) Documentary Evidence
B) Testimony
C) Proof
D) Object Evidence
  • 11. hen the scales of evidence are equally balanced, and the doubt favors the accused, this principle applies
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) sumption of Innocence
  • 12. Which of the following requires the highest level of certainty before a conviction can be made?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Circumstantial Evidence
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 13. Which rule dictates that when evidence is equally balanced, the case should be decided against the party who has the burden of proof?
A) Equiponderance Rule
B) Res Gestae
C) Best Evidence Rule
D) Rule of Preponderance
  • 14. In the hierarchy of proof, which of the following requires the least amount of proof?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Preponderance of Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Clear and Convincing Evidence
  • 15. When evidence is described as credible, relevant, and sufficient to establish a fact, it is called.
A) Testimonial Evidence
B) Cumulative Evidence
C) Admissible Evidence
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 16. A police officer testifies that he personally recovered a gun from the suspect’s waist during arrest. The gun is later presented in court. Which correctly describes the evidentiary classification involved?
A) The officer’s narration is testimonial; the gun itself is object evidence.
B) Both the narration and the gun are testimonial evidence.
C) The narration and the gun are both documentary evidence.
D) The narration converts the gun into documentary evidence.
  • 17. A private document offered in evidence to prove its contents must first be
A) Identified and compared by a handwriting expert alone.
B) Presented through secondary evidence.
C) Authenticated by any person familiar with the signature appearing thereon.
D) Admitted automatically since it is self-authenticating.
  • 18. A surveillance video showing the accused receiving marked money is presented in court. The USB drive where the video is stored is considered
A) Demonstrative evidence since it illustrates an act.
B) A surveillance video showing the accused receiving marked money is presented in court. The USB drive where the video is stored is considered.
C) Circumstantial evidence because it implies guilt.
D) Testimonial evidence since it reflects human narration.
  • 19. Which statement correctly distinguishes object evidence from documentary evidence under the Rules on Evidence?
A) Documentary evidence can be offered without a witness if material; object evidence cannot.
B) Object evidence must be identified by a witness who saw its connection to the crime; documentary evidence must be authenticated to prove its genuineness.
C) Both require authentication by handwriting experts.
D) Object evidence proves contents; documentary evidence proves physical existence.
  • 20. A certified true copy of a public record issued by a government officer is presented. What form and status of evidence does it have?
A) Secondary evidence subject to best evidence rule.
B) Private document requiring authentication.
C) Object evidence needing physical identification.
D) Public document, admissible without further proof of its due execution.
  • 21. If a fingerprint lifted from the crime scene is offered to prove identity, the evidence is classified as
A) Circumstantial evidence only.
B) Documentary evidence because it is recorded
C) Testimonial evidence.
D) Object (real) evidence, subject to proper identification and chain of custody.
  • 22. The affidavit of a witness, if not testified to in open court, is
A) Testimonial evidence of high probative value.
B) Self-authenticating documentary evidence.
C) Real evidence under the rules.
D) Mere hearsay and inadmissible, unless the affiant is presented for cross-examination.
  • 23. When the defense introduces a diagram prepared by an expert witness to explain ballistic trajectories, the diagram is
A) Hearsay evidence, since it is not based on personal knowledge.
B) Circumstantial evidence, since it suggests but does not prove fact.
C) Object evidence, since it is a tangible exhibit used to clarify testimony.
D) Documentary evidence, since it has written markings.
  • 24. Under the Best Evidence Rule, when the original document has been lost or destroyed without bad faith, the secondary evidence admissible may consist of—
A) Oral testimony as to its contents.
B) A photocopy or carbon copy, properly authenticated.
C) Neither, since the document is already lost.
D) Both A and B.
  • 25. A forensic chemist testifies that the sachet he examined contained methamphetamine hydrochloride. The sachet itself is offered in court. To be admissible, it must be shown that—
A) It was mentioned in the affidavit of arrest.
B) It was photographed before trial.
C) The chemist’s testimony alone suffices for admissibility.
D) It was in the continuous custody of the police, establishing its chain of custody.
  • 26. A CCTV footage showing the accused entering the store before the robbery is presented in court. What kind of evidence is this?
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 27. A witness testifies that he saw the accused stab the victim.
A) Circumstantial evidence
B) Direct evidence
C) Hearsay evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 28. A certified true copy of a birth certificate is presented to prove age.
A) Secondary evidence
B) Primary evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 29. A witness submits a sworn affidavit instead of personally testifying.
A) Hearsay evidence
B) Object evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 30. A photograph of the crime scene showing the victim’s location is shown in court.
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 31. A signed written contract is offered to prove the existence of an agreement.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 32. A forensic expert states that the bullet found at the scene matches the accused’s firearm.
A) Direct evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 33. A pistol used in the commission of the crime is presented before the court.
A) Object evidence
B) Demonstrative evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 34. A witness testifies that someone else told him the accused confessed.
A) Hearsay evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Direct evidence
D) Testimonial evidence
  • 35. An investigator presents a sketch of the accident scene to illustrate his testimony.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Demonstrative evidence
  • 36. A DNA analysis result matching the suspect’s blood sample is introduced.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Direct evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 37. The original land title is produced in court to prove ownership.
A) Primary evidence
B) Secondary evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 38. A video of the accused reenacting how the crime was done is shown in court.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Object evidence
C) Demonstrative evidence
D) Direct evidence
  • 39. A witness testified that he saw the accused running from the scene after a gunshot.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Direct evidence
C) Hearsay evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 40. A handwritten letter by the accused admitting guilt is offered as evidence.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Circumstantial evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 41. Evidence is said to be admissible when it:
A) Is presented by the prosecution only
B) Supports the testimony of the witness
C) Has a strong emotional impact on the jury
D) Is relevant and not excluded by the Rules of Court
  • 42. The general rule on admissibility requires that evidence must be:
A) Supported by an affidavit
B) Original and signed
C) Certified by a notary public
D) Competent and relevant
  • 43. Which of the following best explains the purpose of the rule on admissibility of evidence?
A) To favor the prosecution
B) To limit the number of witnesses
C) To ensure that only reliable and lawful evidence is considered by the court
D) To ensure speedy trial
  • 44. What kind of evidence is inadmissible even if relevant?
A) Evidence properly identified in open court
B) Documentary evidence authenticated by a custodian
C) Testimony based on personal knowledge
D) Evidence obtained in violation of constitutional rights
  • 45. Which rule provides that evidence must be both relevant and competent?
A) Rule 128, Section 3
B) Rule 131, Section 1
C) Rule 129, Section 1
D) Rule 130, Section 4
  • 46. A police officer illegally searches a house without a warrant and finds drugs. The prosecution offers them as evidence. Applying the rule on admissibility, the court should:
A) Exclude it only if the defense objects
B) Admit it because it proves guilt
C) Exclude it because it was obtained illegally
D) Admit the evidence because it is material
  • 47. A witness testifies about a conversation he overheard between two accused persons. The testimony is objected to as hearsay. Applying the rules, the court should:
A) Admit it because it came from the accused
B) Exclude it as it was not based on personal knowledge
C) Exclude it only if the defense requests
D) Admit it because it was said in public
  • 48. During trial, a photocopy of a contract is presented without explaining the loss of the original. Applying the rules, the photocopy is:
A) Admissible only if notarized
B) Admissible as best evidence
C) Inadmissible for failure to comply with the best evidence rule
D) Admissible since it is a copy
  • 49. A confession made by an accused without the assistance of counsel is offered as evidence. Applying the constitutional rule, such confession is:
A) Admissible if voluntarily made
B) Inadmissible for violation of the right to counsel
C) Admissible if reduced to writing
D) Admissible as an exception
  • 50. The prosecution offers a video recording obtained from a CCTV camera. The defense objects on the ground that it was tampered with. Applying the rules, the court should:
A) Exclude it automatically
B) Admit it if authentication proves it is genuine
C) Admit it if it favors the prosecution
D) Admit it without question
  • 51. Evidence is both relevant and material, but it was obtained through entrapment involving police coercion. Analyze its admissibility.
A) Inadmissible only if not signed by witnesses
B) Admissible because entrapment is allowed
C) Admissible because it proves guilt
D) Inadmissible because the method violated due process
  • 52. A dying declaration is admitted despite being hearsay. Analyze why this is allowed
A) The declarant’s statement is presumed truthful due to impending death
B) The witness was credible
C) It is supported by physical evidence
D) The statement was recorded
  • 53. The prosecution presents circumstantial evidence linking the accused to the crime. Analyze the condition for its admissibility.
A) It must be direct and absolute
B) It must be at least three circumstances only
C) It must form an unbroken chain leading to a fair conclusion of guilt
D) It must be supported by hearsay statements
  • 54. The defense offers a confession that was obtained before counsel arrived but later confirmed by the accused in open court. Analyze if it is admissible.
A) Admissible because it was affirmed voluntarily
B) Inadmissible because the original confession was tainted
C) Inadmissible unless written
D) Admissible only with corroboration
  • 55. Two pieces of evidence are both admissible but contradict each other. Analyze how the court should treat them.
A) Exclude both pieces of evidence
B) Give more weight to the more credible and consistent evidence
C) Automatically favor the prosecution
D) Automatically favor the defense
  • 56. When a party offers documentary evidence in court, what must accompany the offer?
A) The document alone
B) The oral testimony of the party
C) The affidavit of the custodian
D) A statement identifying and describing the document’s purpose
  • 57. When must evidence be formally offered during trial?
A) After all witnesses have testified
B) At the beginning of the case
C) During closing arguments
D) When the evidence is identified by the witness
  • 58. Oral testimony must be offered:
A) Before documentary evidence
B) At the time the witness is called to testify
C) After closing arguments
D) After cross-examination
  • 59. Failure to make a timely objection to inadmissible evidence results in:
A) Waiver of objection
B) Exclusion of evidence
C) Reversal of judgment
D) Suspension of proceedings
  • 60. The main reason for formally offering evidence is to:
A) Allow the court to rule on admissibility
B) Guarantee appeal rights
C) Expedite the trial process
D) Assist in witness examination
  • 61. Documentary evidence that is not formally offered in court is:
A) Disregarded by the court
B) Deemed admitted automatically
C) Valid if attached to pleadings
D) Considered but not given weight
  • 62. A general objection is insufficient when:
A) The ground for objection is not apparent
B) The evidence is irrelevant
C) The testimony is cumulative
D) The witness is incompetent
  • 63. To preserve the right to object, counsel must object:
A) In a written memorandum
B) After the witness answers
C) During cross-examination
D) Before the answer is given
  • 64. During trial, a witness begins to narrate a story containing hearsay information. Counsel must immediately:
A) Move to strike out the testimony after it’s completed
B) File a written motion later
C) Object before the witness continues
D) Let the witness finish then object
  • 65. The prosecutor offers a photograph into evidence without explaining its purpose. Defense counsel objects. The court should:
A) Deny it for lack of proper offer
B) Allow explanation later
C) Admit it provisionally
D) Admit it since it’s already marked
  • 66. Defense counsel forgot to object to an irrelevant question, and the answer was recorded. Later, he argues the answer should be excluded. What is the effect?
A) The court may suspend proceedings
B) The judge must disregard it
C) The objection is waived
D) The evidence becomes void
  • 67. A lawyer objects to a document on the ground of irrelevance. What should the proponent do to sustain admission?
A) Withdraw and substitute it
B) Show its connection to a material issue
C) Argue that all evidence is relevant
D) Refile it with an affidavit
  • 68. During cross-examination, opposing counsel offers a letter not yet identified by any witness. The proper objection is:
A) Irrelevance
B) Improper cross-examination
C) Lack of authentication
D) Violation of best evidence rule
  • 69. A document was marked and discussed during trial but never formally offered. The judge considers it in deciding the case. On appeal, what is the ruling?
A) The ruling is discretionary
B) The document should be excluded
C) The document is admissible
D) The court may still affirm the decision
  • 70. Counsel objects to an exhibit as hearsay but fails to specify the reason. The court admits it. Later, counsel raises the issue on appeal. What is the consequence?
A) The evidence loses probative value
B) The evidence is void
C) The objection is deemed waived
D) The appellate court must review the case
  • 71. Which of the following best describes documentary evidence?
A) Any object presented for the inspection of the court
B) Oral statements made outside the courtroom
C) Testimony given by a witness under oath
D) Any written instrument offered as proof of facts in issue
  • 72. Before a documentary evidence is admitted, it must first be:
A) Identified and authenticated by a competent witness
B) Certified by the judge
C) Filed before the start of trial
D) Shown to the opposing counsel only
  • 73. The purpose of authentication of documentary evidence is to:
A) Prove that it is the original document
B) Establish its genuineness and due execution
C) Confirm its availability for inspection
D) Ensure that it was properly notarized
  • 74. A private document becomes admissible in evidence once it is:
A) Authenticated by someone who saw it executed or recognized the signature
B) Acknowledged by both parties
C) Filed in the records of the court
D) Certified by the clerk of court
  • 75. A public document is presumed to be genuine because it:
A) Bears the seal of the Republic of the Philippines
B) Was written by a lawyer
C) Has been signed before a notary public
D) Is executed or issued by a public officer in performance of official duties
  • 76. When the original document is unavailable, the rules allow:
A) Admission by stipulation only
B) Use of a photocopy without justification
C) Presentation of secondary evidence upon proper explanation of loss
D) Substitution by oral testimony
  • 77. The “best evidence rule” means that:
A) The original document must be produced when the contents are in issue
B) Only public documents are acceptable
C) All documents must be notarized
D) The most persuasive evidence should be used
  • 78. When the authenticity of a document is not disputed by the parties, the rule allows it to be:
A) Treated as secondary evidence
B) Excluded for lack of foundation
C) Dismissed as irrelevant
D) Admitted without further proof
  • 79. A lawyer offers in evidence a photocopy of a contract, claiming the original was destroyed in a fire. What must the lawyer first do?
A) Request the court to assume the original was lost
B) Prove the existence and loss of the original before introducing the copy
C) Submit an affidavit of loss only
D) Present the photocopy immediately
  • 80. A notarial document executed by a public officer is offered in court. What is the correct procedure for presenting it?
A) It may be presented directly without further authentication
B) It must be verified by both parties
C) It requires comparison of handwriting
D) It must be accompanied by oral testimony
  • 81. During trial, a witness identifies a private letter signed by the accused. Which rule is applied to admit this letter as evidence?
A) Best evidence rule
B) Hearsay rule
C) Parol evidence rule
D) Authentication of private document
  • 82. If the opposing counsel admits the genuineness of a document during pre-trial, what is its effect?
A) The document becomes automatically admissible without authentication
B) The document must still be notarized
C) The document still needs formal offer
D) The court disregards the admission
  • 83. A party wants to prove the contents of an old public record kept in the government archive. Which is the proper evidence to present?
A) Oral testimony of a government employee
B) A handwritten copy by the lawyer
C) A copy certified by the legal custodian of the record
D) A news article quoting the document
  • 84. A duplicate original of a notarized contract is presented. The opposing party objects, claiming it is not the “best evidence.” What is the ruling?
A) The duplicate must first be notarized again
B) The objection is valid; only one original is allowed
C) The court must issue an order to produce the first copy
D) The duplicate original is admissible as it has equal legal force
  • 85. A party offers a private document in evidence without identifying the signatures. What should the judge do under the rules?
A) Require only a photocopy
B) Allow it if the other party remains silent
C) Reject it for lack of authentication
D) Admit the document because it is relevant
  • 86. What does sufficiency of evidence primarily refer to in legal proceedings?
A) The credibility of the witness alone
B) The adequacy of evidence to sustain a verdict
C) The materiality of the documents submitted
D) The quantity of witnesses presented
  • 87. Evidence is said to be sufficient when:
A) It convinces the court beyond reasonable doubt or meets the required standard of proof
B) It is circumstantial and weak
C) It is admissible but not credible
D) It creates mere suspicion of guilt
  • 88. Which of the following best explains “insufficient evidence”?
A) The evidence is abundant but immaterial
B) The evidence cannot be admitted in court
C) The evidence is irrelevant but credible
D) The evidence fails to meet the degree of proof required by law
  • 89. In a criminal case, the sufficiency of evidence is determined by whether it can:
A) Support a civil action
B) Produce a presumption of guilt
C) Establish probable cause
D) Prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt
  • 90. In a civil case, sufficiency of evidence is measured by:
A) Substantial evidence
B) Moral certainty
C) Preponderance of evidence
D) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
  • 91. The sufficiency of evidence is concerned mainly with:
A) The admissibility of the evidence
B) The source of the evidence
C) The numerical count of the witnesses
D) The weight and convincing character of the proof presented
  • 92. The admissibility of the evidence
A) When evidence presented is too technical
B) When the evidence fails to establish a prima facie case
C) When both parties submit identical evidence
D) When the case is appealed
  • 93. “Sufficient evidence” means:
A) The evidence that may exist but does not relate to the issue
B) The evidence that may exist but does not relate to the issue
C) The evidence that is always direct in nature
D) The minimum proof required to justify a finding in favor of a party
  • 94. The concept of sufficiency of evidence ensures that:
A) The number of witnesses determines the outcome
B) The judgment is based on the totality of relevant and credible proofs
C) The judge is free to decide without reference to the evidence
D) The number of witnesses determines the outcome
  • 95. The test of sufficiency of evidence is:
A) Whether the evidence comes from the prosecution only
B) Whether a reasonable mind might accept it as adequate to support a conclusion
C) Whether all evidence is documentary in nature
D) Whether the judge believes the accused
  • 96. The sufficiency of evidence relates to the:
A) Quality rather than quantity of evidence
B) Cost of the proceedings
C) Type of document presented
D) Number of witnesses produced
  • 97. In administrative cases, evidence is sufficient if it meets the standard of:
A) Clear and convincing evidence
B) Beyond reasonable doubt
C) Substantial evidence
D) Preponderance of evidence
  • 98. Which statement best distinguishes sufficiency from admissibility?
A) Both terms mean the same
B) Admissibility concerns the weight of evidence
C) Sufficiency deals with the competence of evidence
D) Admissibility refers to whether evidence may be received; sufficiency concerns whether it can prove the fact
  • 99. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates sufficient evidence?
A) Evidence that is immaterial but numerous
B) Evidence that fully establishes a fact as required by law
C) Evidence that slightly suggests the fact in issue
D) Evidence that is conflicting and unreliable
  • 100. The judge determines the sufficiency of evidence by evaluating:
A) The time consumed in trial
B) The demeanor of the lawyer
C) The totality and probative force of all admitted proofs
D) The objections of the opposing counsel
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