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CLJ5-CEVIDE
Contributed by: Three
  • 1. Which term refers to any matter of fact that a party offers to prove or disprove a claim in court?
A) Fact
B) Evidence
C) Testimony
D) Proof
  • 2. What is the degree of proof required in criminal cases, ensuring moral certainty of guilt?
A) Circumstantial Evidence
B) Preponderance of Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 3. Which standard of proof is used in administrative cases and requires such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion?
A) Preponderance of Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Direct Evidence
  • 4. In civil cases, which degree of proof requires that the evidence on one side is more convincing than that of the other?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Equipoise of Evidence
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
  • 5. When the evidence of both parties is balanced, and the case must be resolved in favor of the defendant, it is called.
A) Equiponderance of Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Preponderance of Evidence
  • 6. Which term means that the evidence presented by both sides is equal in weight and credibility?
A) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
B) Preponderance of Evidence
C) Substantial Evidence
D) Equipoise of Evidence
  • 7. Which of the following is not a degree of proof recognized by the Rules of Court?
A) Equipoise of Evidence
B) Clear and Convincing Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 8. What is the lowest degree of proof used in administrative proceedings?
A) Substantial Evidence
B) Preponderance of Evidence
C) Equiponderance of Evidence
D) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
  • 9. When the evidence of guilt and innocence are equal, the accused must be acquitted because of.
A) Best Evidence Rule
B) Equipoise of Evidence Rule
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Substantial Evidence Doctrine
  • 10. Which term refers to the totality of evidence presented by a party to prove a fact in issue?
A) Documentary Evidence
B) Object Evidence
C) Testimony
D) Proof
  • 11. hen the scales of evidence are equally balanced, and the doubt favors the accused, this principle applies
A) Preponderance of Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
D) sumption of Innocence
  • 12. Which of the following requires the highest level of certainty before a conviction can be made?
A) Circumstantial Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Preponderance of Evidence
D) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
  • 13. Which rule dictates that when evidence is equally balanced, the case should be decided against the party who has the burden of proof?
A) Rule of Preponderance
B) Equiponderance Rule
C) Best Evidence Rule
D) Res Gestae
  • 14. In the hierarchy of proof, which of the following requires the least amount of proof?
A) Preponderance of Evidence
B) Proof Beyond Reasonable Doubt
C) Clear and Convincing Evidence
D) Substantial Evidence
  • 15. When evidence is described as credible, relevant, and sufficient to establish a fact, it is called.
A) Testimonial Evidence
B) Substantial Evidence
C) Cumulative Evidence
D) Admissible Evidence
  • 16. A police officer testifies that he personally recovered a gun from the suspect’s waist during arrest. The gun is later presented in court. Which correctly describes the evidentiary classification involved?
A) The officer’s narration is testimonial; the gun itself is object evidence.
B) The narration converts the gun into documentary evidence.
C) The narration and the gun are both documentary evidence.
D) Both the narration and the gun are testimonial evidence.
  • 17. A private document offered in evidence to prove its contents must first be
A) Authenticated by any person familiar with the signature appearing thereon.
B) Admitted automatically since it is self-authenticating.
C) Presented through secondary evidence.
D) Identified and compared by a handwriting expert alone.
  • 18. A surveillance video showing the accused receiving marked money is presented in court. The USB drive where the video is stored is considered
A) Circumstantial evidence because it implies guilt.
B) Testimonial evidence since it reflects human narration.
C) A surveillance video showing the accused receiving marked money is presented in court. The USB drive where the video is stored is considered.
D) Demonstrative evidence since it illustrates an act.
  • 19. Which statement correctly distinguishes object evidence from documentary evidence under the Rules on Evidence?
A) Object evidence must be identified by a witness who saw its connection to the crime; documentary evidence must be authenticated to prove its genuineness.
B) Both require authentication by handwriting experts.
C) Object evidence proves contents; documentary evidence proves physical existence.
D) Documentary evidence can be offered without a witness if material; object evidence cannot.
  • 20. A certified true copy of a public record issued by a government officer is presented. What form and status of evidence does it have?
A) Private document requiring authentication.
B) Public document, admissible without further proof of its due execution.
C) Secondary evidence subject to best evidence rule.
D) Object evidence needing physical identification.
  • 21. If a fingerprint lifted from the crime scene is offered to prove identity, the evidence is classified as
A) Circumstantial evidence only.
B) Object (real) evidence, subject to proper identification and chain of custody.
C) Testimonial evidence.
D) Documentary evidence because it is recorded
  • 22. The affidavit of a witness, if not testified to in open court, is
A) Testimonial evidence of high probative value.
B) Self-authenticating documentary evidence.
C) Real evidence under the rules.
D) Mere hearsay and inadmissible, unless the affiant is presented for cross-examination.
  • 23. When the defense introduces a diagram prepared by an expert witness to explain ballistic trajectories, the diagram is
A) Object evidence, since it is a tangible exhibit used to clarify testimony.
B) Hearsay evidence, since it is not based on personal knowledge.
C) Documentary evidence, since it has written markings.
D) Circumstantial evidence, since it suggests but does not prove fact.
  • 24. Under the Best Evidence Rule, when the original document has been lost or destroyed without bad faith, the secondary evidence admissible may consist of—
A) Both A and B.
B) A photocopy or carbon copy, properly authenticated.
C) Neither, since the document is already lost.
D) Oral testimony as to its contents.
  • 25. A forensic chemist testifies that the sachet he examined contained methamphetamine hydrochloride. The sachet itself is offered in court. To be admissible, it must be shown that—
A) It was in the continuous custody of the police, establishing its chain of custody.
B) The chemist’s testimony alone suffices for admissibility.
C) It was photographed before trial.
D) It was mentioned in the affidavit of arrest.
  • 26. A CCTV footage showing the accused entering the store before the robbery is presented in court. What kind of evidence is this?
A) Circumstantial evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 27. A witness testifies that he saw the accused stab the victim.
A) Direct evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Hearsay evidence
  • 28. A certified true copy of a birth certificate is presented to prove age.
A) Primary evidence
B) Object evidence
C) Secondary evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 29. A witness submits a sworn affidavit instead of personally testifying.
A) Hearsay evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 30. A photograph of the crime scene showing the victim’s location is shown in court.
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Circumstantial evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 31. A signed written contract is offered to prove the existence of an agreement.
A) Testimonial evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 32. A forensic expert states that the bullet found at the scene matches the accused’s firearm.
A) Circumstantial evidence
B) Object evidence
C) Documentary evidence
D) Direct evidence
  • 33. A pistol used in the commission of the crime is presented before the court.
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 34. A witness testifies that someone else told him the accused confessed.
A) Direct evidence
B) Testimonial evidence
C) Hearsay evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 35. An investigator presents a sketch of the accident scene to illustrate his testimony.
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Circumstantial evidence
D) Object evidence
  • 36. A DNA analysis result matching the suspect’s blood sample is introduced.
A) Object evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Circumstantial evidence
D) Direct evidence
  • 37. The original land title is produced in court to prove ownership.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Primary evidence
C) Secondary evidence
D) Demonstrative evidence
  • 38. A video of the accused reenacting how the crime was done is shown in court.
A) Demonstrative evidence
B) Documentary evidence
C) Object evidence
D) Direct evidence
  • 39. A witness testified that he saw the accused running from the scene after a gunshot.
A) Documentary evidence
B) Hearsay evidence
C) Direct evidence
D) Circumstantial evidence
  • 40. A handwritten letter by the accused admitting guilt is offered as evidence.
A) Object evidence
B) Circumstantial evidence
C) Testimonial evidence
D) Documentary evidence
  • 41. Evidence is said to be admissible when it:
A) Supports the testimony of the witness
B) Is presented by the prosecution only
C) Has a strong emotional impact on the jury
D) Is relevant and not excluded by the Rules of Court
  • 42. The general rule on admissibility requires that evidence must be:
A) Certified by a notary public
B) Supported by an affidavit
C) Competent and relevant
D) Original and signed
  • 43. Which of the following best explains the purpose of the rule on admissibility of evidence?
A) To ensure that only reliable and lawful evidence is considered by the court
B) To ensure speedy trial
C) To limit the number of witnesses
D) To favor the prosecution
  • 44. What kind of evidence is inadmissible even if relevant?
A) Documentary evidence authenticated by a custodian
B) Evidence obtained in violation of constitutional rights
C) Testimony based on personal knowledge
D) Evidence properly identified in open court
  • 45. Which rule provides that evidence must be both relevant and competent?
A) Rule 131, Section 1
B) Rule 128, Section 3
C) Rule 129, Section 1
D) Rule 130, Section 4
  • 46. A police officer illegally searches a house without a warrant and finds drugs. The prosecution offers them as evidence. Applying the rule on admissibility, the court should:
A) Admit it because it proves guilt
B) Admit the evidence because it is material
C) Exclude it because it was obtained illegally
D) Exclude it only if the defense objects
  • 47. A witness testifies about a conversation he overheard between two accused persons. The testimony is objected to as hearsay. Applying the rules, the court should:
A) Exclude it as it was not based on personal knowledge
B) Admit it because it came from the accused
C) Admit it because it was said in public
D) Exclude it only if the defense requests
  • 48. During trial, a photocopy of a contract is presented without explaining the loss of the original. Applying the rules, the photocopy is:
A) Admissible as best evidence
B) Admissible only if notarized
C) Inadmissible for failure to comply with the best evidence rule
D) Admissible since it is a copy
  • 49. A confession made by an accused without the assistance of counsel is offered as evidence. Applying the constitutional rule, such confession is:
A) Admissible as an exception
B) Inadmissible for violation of the right to counsel
C) Admissible if reduced to writing
D) Admissible if voluntarily made
  • 50. The prosecution offers a video recording obtained from a CCTV camera. The defense objects on the ground that it was tampered with. Applying the rules, the court should:
A) Admit it without question
B) Admit it if authentication proves it is genuine
C) Exclude it automatically
D) Admit it if it favors the prosecution
  • 51. Evidence is both relevant and material, but it was obtained through entrapment involving police coercion. Analyze its admissibility.
A) Inadmissible only if not signed by witnesses
B) Admissible because entrapment is allowed
C) Admissible because it proves guilt
D) Inadmissible because the method violated due process
  • 52. A dying declaration is admitted despite being hearsay. Analyze why this is allowed
A) The declarant’s statement is presumed truthful due to impending death
B) The statement was recorded
C) It is supported by physical evidence
D) The witness was credible
  • 53. The prosecution presents circumstantial evidence linking the accused to the crime. Analyze the condition for its admissibility.
A) It must be supported by hearsay statements
B) It must be direct and absolute
C) It must form an unbroken chain leading to a fair conclusion of guilt
D) It must be at least three circumstances only
  • 54. The defense offers a confession that was obtained before counsel arrived but later confirmed by the accused in open court. Analyze if it is admissible.
A) Admissible because it was affirmed voluntarily
B) Admissible only with corroboration
C) Inadmissible unless written
D) Inadmissible because the original confession was tainted
  • 55. Two pieces of evidence are both admissible but contradict each other. Analyze how the court should treat them.
A) Exclude both pieces of evidence
B) Automatically favor the prosecution
C) Automatically favor the defense
D) Give more weight to the more credible and consistent evidence
  • 56. When a party offers documentary evidence in court, what must accompany the offer?
A) The document alone
B) The affidavit of the custodian
C) The oral testimony of the party
D) A statement identifying and describing the document’s purpose
  • 57. When must evidence be formally offered during trial?
A) At the beginning of the case
B) After all witnesses have testified
C) During closing arguments
D) When the evidence is identified by the witness
  • 58. Oral testimony must be offered:
A) After closing arguments
B) After cross-examination
C) Before documentary evidence
D) At the time the witness is called to testify
  • 59. Failure to make a timely objection to inadmissible evidence results in:
A) Reversal of judgment
B) Waiver of objection
C) Exclusion of evidence
D) Suspension of proceedings
  • 60. The main reason for formally offering evidence is to:
A) Allow the court to rule on admissibility
B) Assist in witness examination
C) Guarantee appeal rights
D) Expedite the trial process
  • 61. Documentary evidence that is not formally offered in court is:
A) Considered but not given weight
B) Disregarded by the court
C) Deemed admitted automatically
D) Valid if attached to pleadings
  • 62. A general objection is insufficient when:
A) The testimony is cumulative
B) The ground for objection is not apparent
C) The witness is incompetent
D) The evidence is irrelevant
  • 63. To preserve the right to object, counsel must object:
A) After the witness answers
B) In a written memorandum
C) During cross-examination
D) Before the answer is given
  • 64. During trial, a witness begins to narrate a story containing hearsay information. Counsel must immediately:
A) Let the witness finish then object
B) File a written motion later
C) Object before the witness continues
D) Move to strike out the testimony after it’s completed
  • 65. The prosecutor offers a photograph into evidence without explaining its purpose. Defense counsel objects. The court should:
A) Admit it provisionally
B) Allow explanation later
C) Deny it for lack of proper offer
D) Admit it since it’s already marked
  • 66. Defense counsel forgot to object to an irrelevant question, and the answer was recorded. Later, he argues the answer should be excluded. What is the effect?
A) The judge must disregard it
B) The objection is waived
C) The court may suspend proceedings
D) The evidence becomes void
  • 67. A lawyer objects to a document on the ground of irrelevance. What should the proponent do to sustain admission?
A) Argue that all evidence is relevant
B) Withdraw and substitute it
C) Refile it with an affidavit
D) Show its connection to a material issue
  • 68. During cross-examination, opposing counsel offers a letter not yet identified by any witness. The proper objection is:
A) Irrelevance
B) Improper cross-examination
C) Lack of authentication
D) Violation of best evidence rule
  • 69. A document was marked and discussed during trial but never formally offered. The judge considers it in deciding the case. On appeal, what is the ruling?
A) The document is admissible
B) The document should be excluded
C) The court may still affirm the decision
D) The ruling is discretionary
  • 70. Counsel objects to an exhibit as hearsay but fails to specify the reason. The court admits it. Later, counsel raises the issue on appeal. What is the consequence?
A) The evidence loses probative value
B) The appellate court must review the case
C) The evidence is void
D) The objection is deemed waived
  • 71. Which of the following best describes documentary evidence?
A) Any written instrument offered as proof of facts in issue
B) Testimony given by a witness under oath
C) Any object presented for the inspection of the court
D) Oral statements made outside the courtroom
  • 72. Before a documentary evidence is admitted, it must first be:
A) Filed before the start of trial
B) Certified by the judge
C) Identified and authenticated by a competent witness
D) Shown to the opposing counsel only
  • 73. The purpose of authentication of documentary evidence is to:
A) Prove that it is the original document
B) Ensure that it was properly notarized
C) Establish its genuineness and due execution
D) Confirm its availability for inspection
  • 74. A private document becomes admissible in evidence once it is:
A) Authenticated by someone who saw it executed or recognized the signature
B) Certified by the clerk of court
C) Filed in the records of the court
D) Acknowledged by both parties
  • 75. A public document is presumed to be genuine because it:
A) Has been signed before a notary public
B) Is executed or issued by a public officer in performance of official duties
C) Bears the seal of the Republic of the Philippines
D) Was written by a lawyer
  • 76. When the original document is unavailable, the rules allow:
A) Presentation of secondary evidence upon proper explanation of loss
B) Use of a photocopy without justification
C) Admission by stipulation only
D) Substitution by oral testimony
  • 77. The “best evidence rule” means that:
A) Only public documents are acceptable
B) The most persuasive evidence should be used
C) The original document must be produced when the contents are in issue
D) All documents must be notarized
  • 78. When the authenticity of a document is not disputed by the parties, the rule allows it to be:
A) Excluded for lack of foundation
B) Dismissed as irrelevant
C) Admitted without further proof
D) Treated as secondary evidence
  • 79. A lawyer offers in evidence a photocopy of a contract, claiming the original was destroyed in a fire. What must the lawyer first do?
A) Prove the existence and loss of the original before introducing the copy
B) Request the court to assume the original was lost
C) Present the photocopy immediately
D) Submit an affidavit of loss only
  • 80. A notarial document executed by a public officer is offered in court. What is the correct procedure for presenting it?
A) It must be accompanied by oral testimony
B) It may be presented directly without further authentication
C) It must be verified by both parties
D) It requires comparison of handwriting
  • 81. During trial, a witness identifies a private letter signed by the accused. Which rule is applied to admit this letter as evidence?
A) Best evidence rule
B) Authentication of private document
C) Hearsay rule
D) Parol evidence rule
  • 82. If the opposing counsel admits the genuineness of a document during pre-trial, what is its effect?
A) The document becomes automatically admissible without authentication
B) The court disregards the admission
C) The document still needs formal offer
D) The document must still be notarized
  • 83. A party wants to prove the contents of an old public record kept in the government archive. Which is the proper evidence to present?
A) Oral testimony of a government employee
B) A news article quoting the document
C) A handwritten copy by the lawyer
D) A copy certified by the legal custodian of the record
  • 84. A duplicate original of a notarized contract is presented. The opposing party objects, claiming it is not the “best evidence.” What is the ruling?
A) The duplicate original is admissible as it has equal legal force
B) The objection is valid; only one original is allowed
C) The court must issue an order to produce the first copy
D) The duplicate must first be notarized again
  • 85. A party offers a private document in evidence without identifying the signatures. What should the judge do under the rules?
A) Allow it if the other party remains silent
B) Reject it for lack of authentication
C) Require only a photocopy
D) Admit the document because it is relevant
  • 86. What does sufficiency of evidence primarily refer to in legal proceedings?
A) The materiality of the documents submitted
B) The credibility of the witness alone
C) The quantity of witnesses presented
D) The adequacy of evidence to sustain a verdict
  • 87. Evidence is said to be sufficient when:
A) It creates mere suspicion of guilt
B) It is circumstantial and weak
C) It convinces the court beyond reasonable doubt or meets the required standard of proof
D) It is admissible but not credible
  • 88. Which of the following best explains “insufficient evidence”?
A) The evidence is abundant but immaterial
B) The evidence fails to meet the degree of proof required by law
C) The evidence cannot be admitted in court
D) The evidence is irrelevant but credible
  • 89. In a criminal case, the sufficiency of evidence is determined by whether it can:
A) Prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt
B) Establish probable cause
C) Produce a presumption of guilt
D) Support a civil action
  • 90. In a civil case, sufficiency of evidence is measured by:
A) Substantial evidence
B) Proof beyond reasonable doubt
C) Moral certainty
D) Preponderance of evidence
  • 91. The sufficiency of evidence is concerned mainly with:
A) The source of the evidence
B) The numerical count of the witnesses
C) The admissibility of the evidence
D) The weight and convincing character of the proof presented
  • 92. The admissibility of the evidence
A) When evidence presented is too technical
B) When the case is appealed
C) When both parties submit identical evidence
D) When the evidence fails to establish a prima facie case
  • 93. “Sufficient evidence” means:
A) The evidence that is always direct in nature
B) The evidence that may exist but does not relate to the issue
C) The minimum proof required to justify a finding in favor of a party
D) The evidence that may exist but does not relate to the issue
  • 94. The concept of sufficiency of evidence ensures that:
A) The number of witnesses determines the outcome
B) The judgment is based on the totality of relevant and credible proofs
C) The judge is free to decide without reference to the evidence
D) The number of witnesses determines the outcome
  • 95. The test of sufficiency of evidence is:
A) Whether all evidence is documentary in nature
B) Whether a reasonable mind might accept it as adequate to support a conclusion
C) Whether the evidence comes from the prosecution only
D) Whether the judge believes the accused
  • 96. The sufficiency of evidence relates to the:
A) Cost of the proceedings
B) Quality rather than quantity of evidence
C) Number of witnesses produced
D) Type of document presented
  • 97. In administrative cases, evidence is sufficient if it meets the standard of:
A) Substantial evidence
B) Preponderance of evidence
C) Beyond reasonable doubt
D) Clear and convincing evidence
  • 98. Which statement best distinguishes sufficiency from admissibility?
A) Sufficiency deals with the competence of evidence
B) Both terms mean the same
C) Admissibility refers to whether evidence may be received; sufficiency concerns whether it can prove the fact
D) Admissibility concerns the weight of evidence
  • 99. Which of the following scenarios demonstrates sufficient evidence?
A) Evidence that is conflicting and unreliable
B) Evidence that is immaterial but numerous
C) Evidence that slightly suggests the fact in issue
D) Evidence that fully establishes a fact as required by law
  • 100. The judge determines the sufficiency of evidence by evaluating:
A) The time consumed in trial
B) The objections of the opposing counsel
C) The demeanor of the lawyer
D) The totality and probative force of all admitted proofs
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