Edward Jenner discovers vaccination for smallpox
- 1. In the late 18th century, a remarkable breakthrough in medical science occurred when Edward Jenner, an English physician, discovered the process of vaccination as a means to combat smallpox, a devastating disease that had claimed countless lives throughout history. In 1796, Jenner observed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox, a disease similar to smallpox but much milder, seemed to be immune to smallpox infections. Intrigued by this observation, he hypothesized that exposure to cowpox could provide protection against smallpox. To test his theory, he took material from a cowpox sore on the hand of a milkmaid named Sarah Nelmes and inoculated it into the arm of an 8-year-old boy named James Phipps. After several weeks, Jenner exposed Phipps to smallpox, but the boy remarkably did not contract the illness. This pioneering experiment laid the foundation for the field of immunology and established vaccination as a vital tool for preventing infectious diseases. Jenner's work not only led to the eventual eradication of smallpox but also inspired future generations of scientists to explore vaccination and immunization, significantly advancing public health and saving millions of lives worldwide.
In which year did Edward Jenner discover the vaccination for smallpox?
A) 1820
B) 1805
C) 1750
D) 1796
- 2. What was the name of the boy Edward Jenner vaccinated with cowpox?
A) James Phipps
B) Henry Wilson
C) William Smith
D) Thomas Brown
- 3. What disease was smallpox caused by?
A) Measles virus
B) Variola virus
C) Influenza virus
D) Ebola virus
- 4. Which organization led the global vaccination campaign that eradicated smallpox?
A) Doctors Without Borders
B) World Health Organization (WHO)
C) United Nations (UN)
D) Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
- 5. Which country was the last to report a naturally occurring case of smallpox in 1977?
A) United States
B) Brazil
C) Somalia
D) India
- 6. In what year was official global eradication of smallpox declared by the World Health Organization (WHO)?
A) 1990
B) 1980
C) 1970
D) 2000
- 7. What is the term for the practice of preventing disease through vaccination?
A) Sanitization
B) Medication
C) Inoculation
D) Immunization
- 8. Which US president mandated vaccination for smallpox during the American Civil War?
A) John F. Kennedy
B) Abraham Lincoln
C) George Washington
D) Thomas Jefferson
- 9. Who is credited with discovering vaccination for smallpox?
A) Marie Curie
B) Edward Jenner
C) Louis Pasteur
D) Alexander Fleming
- 10. What substance did Edward Jenner use for his smallpox vaccine?
A) Sulfuric acid
B) Mercury
C) Cowpox
D) Horsehair
- 11. What was the initial reaction of the medical community to Jenner's smallpox vaccine?
A) Fear
B) Celebration
C) Indifference
D) Skepticism
- 12. In what country did Edward Jenner carry out his smallpox vaccination experiments?
A) France
B) Russia
C) Germany
D) England
- 13. What is the general term for substances that provoke an immune response and provide immunity against specific diseases?
A) Antibiotics
B) Analgesics
C) Vaccines
D) Steroids
- 14. What was the mortality rate of smallpox before the introduction of vaccination?
A) 10%
B) 70%
C) 30%
D) 50%
- 15. Who was the first person to administer the smallpox vaccine outside of England?
A) Gregor Mendel
B) Joseph Lister
C) Clara Barton
D) Benjamin Waterhouse
- 16. Which famous American statesman was a supporter of Jenner and his smallpox vaccine?
A) Thomas Jefferson
B) George Washington
C) Abraham Lincoln
D) Benjamin Franklin
- 17. Where did Edward Jenner grow up and practice medicine?
A) Gloucestershire
B) Liverpool
C) London
D) Manchester
- 18. What was the term used to describe the protection gained from being vaccinated against smallpox?
A) Adaptation
B) Resistance
C) Tolerance
D) Immunity
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