- 1. Who developed the Closed-Loop Theory?
A) Gentile
B) Fitts
C) Adams
D) Schmidt
- 2. What is the primary focus of Closed-Loop Theory?
A) Motor learning through feedback
B) Genetic predisposition to skills
C) Stages of physical growth
D) Speed and agility training
- 3. Which type of movements is the theory primarily based on?
A) Reflexive movements
B) Fast and ballistic movements
C) Explosive power movements
D) Slow, controlled movements
- 4. In the Closed-Loop process, what does the body compare against the desired movement?
A) Future goals
B) Muscle strength
C) Current movement
D) Previous movements
- 5. What term refers to the memory reference of the correct movement stored in the brain?
A) Perceptual trace
B) Feedback loop
C) Schema
D) Motor program
- 6. How is the perceptual trace primarily built?
A) Through genetic inheritance
B) Through reading instructions
C) Through repeated practice and experiences
D) Through observation only
- 7. What does KR stand for in motor learning?
A) Knowledge of Reaction
B) Kinesthetic Response
C) Kinetic Reflex
D) Knowledge of Results
- 8. According to the theory, how do learners act during the learning process?
A) Solely dependent on the instructor
B) Unaware of their performance
C) Active participants who analyze and strategize
D) Passive recipients of information
- 9. In the early stages of learning, what do learners rely heavily on?
A) Muscle memory
B) External feedback / KR
C) Instinct
D) Internal senses only
- 10. As practice increases and learning improves, what happens to the distribution of performance?
A) It remains exactly the same
B) It becomes random
C) It becomes more scattered
D) It becomes more focused and peaks at the correct movement
- 11. Closed-Loop Theory was developed in the year 1971.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 12. The theory suggests that principles of learning apply differently depending on the type of movement.
A) TRUE
B) FALSE
- 13. Errors are only detected after the movement is fully completed, not during the action.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 14. Feedback plays a critical role as it leaves a "trace" in the nervous system.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 15. Knowledge of Results (KR) tells the learner exactly which muscles to contract.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 16. Learners form strategies or hypotheses as they analyze their performance feedback.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 17. According to the theory, learning happens directly just by receiving Knowledge of Results (KR).
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 18. Each trial or repetition strengthens the perceptual trace.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 19. As skill improves, performance becomes more consistent and errors decrease.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
- 20. The theory states that learning leads to precision and stability in movement.
A) FALSE
B) TRUE
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