A) Ursus etruscus B) Ursus deningeri C) Ursus arctos D) Ursus spelaeus
A) 1.2–1.5 million years ago B) 2.5–3 million years ago C) 42,000–44,000 years ago D) 130,000–115,000 years ago
A) Cave bear B) Spelaeus bear C) Deninger's bear D) Etruscan bear
A) 40,000 years ago B) 1.2–0.8 million years ago C) 130,000–115,000 years ago D) 2–3 million years ago
A) Only in South America B) Only in North America C) Only in Africa D) From Europe to China
A) The Early Pleistocene B) The Last Interglacial C) The Middle Pliocene D) The Late Holocene
A) Ursus brownus B) Ursus spelaeus deningeroides C) Ursus etruscus intermedius D) Ursus primigenius
A) The three anterior premolars B) The tail C) The incisors D) The canine teeth
A) Evolutionary mutation B) Response to a largely vegetarian diet C) Environmental cooling D) Response to a carnivorous diet
A) Conturines B) China C) Siberia D) Europe
A) Cuspidation B) Premolar fusion C) Dental expansion D) Molarization
A) Better hunting of prey B) Improved mastication of tough vegetation C) Easier bone crushing D) Stronger jaw bone
A) Between 1.2 and 1.5 million years ago B) Between 42,000 and 44,000 years ago C) Between 115,000 and 130,000 years ago D) Between 20,000 and 30,000 years ago
A) The skull bone B) A piece of preserved skin C) One of the animal's teeth D) The femur
A) 10 B) 100 C) 21 D) 5
A) American black bear B) Sloth bear C) Brown bear D) Sun bear
A) The end of the Last Interglacial B) The extinction of the dinosaurs C) The diversification of eastern and western brown bear lineages D) The appearance of Ursus etruscus
A) Yes, a recent study showed some hybridization B) No, they never interbred C) Only during the Early Pleistocene D) Only in captivity
A) Almost entirely herbivorous B) Exclusively omnivorous C) Almost entirely carnivorous D) Purely insectivorous
A) Johann Friedrich Esper B) Carl Linnaeus C) Johann Christian Rosenmüller D) Charles Darwin
A) Georges Cuvier B) Johann Christian Rosenmüller C) Johann Friedrich Esper D) Richard Owen
A) Polar bears B) Apes C) Dragons D) Unicorns
A) Holocene B) Pleistocene C) Cretaceous D) Jurassic
A) Austria B) Poland C) Germany D) Romania
A) A sub-group of modern grizzly bears B) An extinct type of primate C) A species complex D) A single uniform species
A) Siberia B) Central Asia C) The Caucasus D) Western Europe
A) Females were more common B) Females had no skeletons C) Misconception about female skeletons D) Male bones fossilized better
A) They became extinct B) They stayed the same C) They grew smaller D) They grew larger
A) Thicker fur B) Longer teeth C) More slender mandibles D) Larger skulls
A) Flat B) Steep C) Concave D) Sloped
A) They were identical B) They were shorter C) They were less slender D) They were sharper
A) Strictly carnivorous habits B) High dietary flexibility C) Lack of adaptation to tough foods D) Solely fish-based nutrition
A) CAM plants B) C4 plants C) C3 plants D) Aquatic algae
A) Dental microwear patterns on molars B) The size of the skull C) The number of preserved claws D) Excessive body weight gain
A) Natural old age in the forest B) Death during hibernation C) Hunting by humans D) Starvation during summer
A) Heart disease B) Spinal fusion C) Blindness D) Muscle atrophy
A) Falls within the cave B) Severe bone disease C) Fighting during the breeding season D) Attacks by cave lions
A) They used bones for building B) As an optimal food resource C) They were territorial rivals D) To clear their dens
A) The Pyrenees B) Scandinavia C) Romania D) The Caucasus
A) Coastal beaches B) High-altitude glaciers C) Open plains D) Forested or forest-edged terrains
A) Pneumonia B) Flu C) Rabies D) Tuberculosis
A) River valleys B) Sandy dunes C) Volcanic vents D) Limestone caves
A) Broken bacula B) Spinal fusion C) Tooth resorption D) Necrosis
A) Timothy Insoll B) Louis Leakey C) Emil Bächler D) Charles Darwin
A) A local historian B) Emil Bächler C) Timothy Insoll D) A cave explorer
A) Savona, Italy B) Regourdou, France C) Drachenloch, Switzerland D) Berlin, Germany
A) A collection of silver coins B) A modern human skeleton C) A Neanderthal burial D) An altar for fire
A) A stone statue of a cave bear B) A pile of bear pelts C) A wall painting of a bear D) A zoomorphic stalagmite surrounded by clay pellets
A) Rome B) Savona C) Paris D) Zurich
A) 2015 B) 2005 C) 2019 D) 2010
A) Around 1000 B) Around 50 C) Around 300 D) Around 15
A) Richard Leakey B) Björn Kurtén C) Stephen Jay Gould D) Charles Darwin
A) It occurred only at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum B) It was caused by immediate habitat loss C) It began long before extinction D) It was non-existent |