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How to tan and soften animal hides for clothing
Contributed by: Kay
  • 1. What is the first crucial step in hide tanning?
A) Fleshing
B) Smoking
C) Brain Tanning
D) Salting
  • 2. What does 'fleshing' remove from the hide?
A) Hair
B) Membrane and fat
C) Grain
D) Remaining skin
  • 3. Why is salting hides important?
A) Softens the hide
B) Removes hair
C) Adds color
D) Prevents bacteria growth
  • 4. What is 'bucking' in hide tanning?
A) Smoking the hide
B) Soaking in an alkaline solution
C) Stretching the hide
D) Applying brain tan
  • 5. What ingredient is commonly used in the 'bucking' process?
A) Sulfuric Acid
B) Salt
C) Wood ash
D) Tannic acid
  • 6. What does 'bucking' help to remove?
A) Salt
B) Membrane
C) Hair
D) Fat
  • 7. What is the purpose of rinsing the hide after bucking?
A) To add salt
B) To dry the hide
C) To apply brain tan
D) To remove the alkaline solution
  • 8. What is 'brain tanning' primarily used for?
A) Softening the hide
B) Coloring the hide
C) Waterproofing the hide
D) Preserving the hide
  • 9. Why are brains effective for tanning?
A) They are acidic
B) They are salty
C) They contain tannins
D) They contain emulsifiers
  • 10. How are brains typically prepared for tanning?
A) Applied raw
B) Boiled
C) Emulsified in water
D) Fried
  • 11. After applying brain mixture, what is the next crucial step?
A) Repeatedly stretching the hide
B) Salting the hide
C) Washing the hide
D) Smoking the hide
  • 12. Why is stretching important during brain tanning?
A) Removes water
B) Adds color
C) Prevents shrinkage
D) Breaks down fibers for softness
  • 13. What tool is commonly used for scraping hides?
A) A saw
B) A sharp knife
C) A dull, rounded tool
D) A hammer
  • 14. What is 'dry scraping'?
A) Scraping with a dry tool
B) Scraping a wet hide
C) Scraping very quickly
D) Scraping a dry hide
  • 15. What is the main purpose of smoking a hide?
A) Adding color
B) Removing hair
C) Softening
D) Preservation and waterproofing
  • 16. What type of wood is best for smoking hides?
A) Rotten or punky wood
B) Resinous wood
C) Hardwood
D) Green wood
  • 17. Why is it important to use rotten wood when smoking hides?
A) It smells better.
B) It burns hotter.
C) It adds color.
D) It produces cool smoke.
  • 18. How long should a hide be smoked?
A) Until it's the desired color
B) 1 hour
C) 1 day
D) 1 week
  • 19. What does 'breaking' the hide refer to?
A) Removing hair
B) Washing the hide
C) Softening through manipulation
D) Cutting the hide
  • 20. Which of these is NOT a method for softening hides?
A) Boiling
B) Rubbing against a post
C) Pulling over a rope
D) Stretching
  • 21. What is 'alum' tanning?
A) Using aluminum salts
B) Using brain tannins
C) Using tree bark
D) Using clay
  • 22. What is a potential downside of alum tanning?
A) It can become stiff if wet
B) It's very time consuming
C) It requires smoking
D) It's very difficult
  • 23. What is 'bark tanning'?
A) Using tannins from tree bark
B) Using brains
C) Using clay
D) Using aluminum salts
  • 24. Which tree bark is commonly used for bark tanning?
A) Pine
B) Spruce
C) Oak
D) Palm
  • 25. What effect does bark tanning have on the hide?
A) It darkens and stiffens the hide
B) It brightens the hide
C) It makes the hide waterproof
D) It softens the hide
  • 26. What is a good indicator that a hide is properly tanned?
A) It cracks easily
B) It is slimy
C) It is soft and pliable when dry
D) It shrinks when wet
  • 27. Why is it important to remove all the hair from the hide before tanning?
A) The hair interferes with the tanning process
B) The hair makes the hide too stiff
C) The hair will rot and damage the hide
D) The hair is ugly
  • 28. What type of water should be used for soaking hides?
A) Clean, cold water
B) Salt water
C) Warm, soapy water
D) Hot water
  • 29. What does 'grain' refer to on a hide?
A) The outer layer of the hide
B) The inner layer of the hide
C) The hair side of the hide
D) The flesh side of the hide
  • 30. What is the purpose of 'dressing' a hide after tanning?
A) Adding oils or fats to soften and protect
B) Adding color
C) Removing excess water
D) Removing hair
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