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Soil liquefaction - Quiz
Contributed by: Butler
  • 1. What happens to buildings if their foundations bear directly on soil that liquefies?
A) Sudden loss of support
B) Uniform elevation
C) Soil expansion
D) Increased structural stability
  • 2. What is the primary consequence of irregular settlement in buildings?
A) Structural damage
B) Increased property value
C) Enhanced drainage
D) Foundation reinforcement
  • 3. What type of foundation failure occurs when a thin crust exists between the foundation and liquefied soil?
A) Punching shear
B) Lateral spreading
C) Vertical compression
D) Buoyancy uplift
  • 4. How does soil liquefaction affect underground utility lines?
A) They may break due to irregular settlement
B) They become more secure
C) They undergo automatic maintenance
D) They become pressurized
  • 5. How can liquefied soil enter a building?
A) Through high-altitude ventilation
B) Through the roof
C) Through solid brick walls
D) Through service ducts
  • 6. What happens to bridges on pile foundations when the surrounding soil liquefies?
A) They remain perfectly upright
B) They become deeper
C) They expand in height
D) They may buckle or tilt
  • 7. What is the term for sloping ground sliding on a liquefied soil layer?
A) Punching shear
B) Lateral spreading
C) Vertical settling
D) Pedogenesis
  • 8. Why might buried tanks and manholes move during soil liquefaction?
A) Due to buoyancy
B) Due to tectonic plate collision
C) Due to magnetic attraction
D) Due to surface erosion
  • 9. What can happen to earth embankments like flood levees during liquefaction?
A) Loss of stability or collapse
B) Absorption of water
C) Transformation into rock
D) Increased structural integrity
  • 10. What can potentially develop from liquefied soil material over geological time?
A) Volcanic magma
B) Fragipan
C) Glacial ice
D) Desert sand dunes
  • 11. Which of the following services can be damaged by lateral spreading?
A) Wind energy
B) Satellite signals
C) Cloud computing
D) Telecommunications
  • 12. What happens when upward pressure from liquefied soil hits a weak foundation slab?
A) The slab becomes reinforced
B) The slab liquefies
C) The slab can crack
D) The slab floats away
  • 13. Liquefaction of soil material due to earthquakes can contribute to which process?
A) Atmospheric cooling
B) Deforestation
C) Pedogenesis
D) Ocean acidification
  • 14. What happens to pore water pressure in loose sands during cyclic undrained loading?
A) It disappears entirely
B) It remains constant
C) It increases
D) It decreases
  • 15. How old are the deposits most susceptible to liquefaction?
A) 50,000 to 100,000 years
B) Less than 10,000 years
C) At least 500,000 years
D) Over 1 million years
  • 16. Which of the following is considered an example of soil liquefaction?
A) Landslides on bedrock
B) Desiccation cracking
C) Soil creep in high-density clay
D) Quicksand
  • 17. What happens when a strain-softened soil is subjected to static shear stress greater than its steady-state strength?
A) Cyclic mobility occurs
B) The soil hardens
C) Flow liquefaction occurs
D) The soil becomes impermeable
  • 18. Which soil behavior prevents flow liquefaction?
A) Volume reduction
B) Strain-softening
C) Strain-hardening
D) Increasing void ratio
  • 19. What occurs if cyclic undrained loading happens without stress reversal?
A) Cyclic mobility
B) Soil collapse
C) Flow liquefaction
D) Zero effective stress
  • 20. What condition must be met for cyclic liquefaction to take place?
A) The loading duration must be short
B) The soil must strain-harden
C) Stress reversal occurs
D) The soil must be dense
  • 21. Which of these is a required parameter for the simplified empirical analysis of liquefaction?
A) Chemical composition of grains
B) Tectonic plate velocity
C) Cyclic stress ratio (CSR)
D) Soil temperature
  • 22. How is the capacity of the soil to resist liquefaction expressed in empirical analysis?
A) Pore pressure coefficient
B) Cyclic resistance ratio (CRR)
C) Standard Penetration Resistance (SPT)
D) Void ratio index
  • 23. Which measure is commonly used to assess soil resistance to liquefaction?
A) Soil surface area
B) Wind speed
C) Particle color
D) Shear-wave velocity (Vs)
  • 24. Where are liquefaction-susceptible deposits typically found?
A) Along stream beds and beaches
B) On high-altitude plateaus
C) In mountainous regions of solid granite
D) Deep beneath volcanic crust
  • 25. What characterizes the grain size of highly susceptible liquefaction deposits?
A) Non-existent grain sizes
B) Well-sorted
C) Poorly-sorted mixtures
D) Exclusively large gravel
  • 26. What effect does cyclic loading have on the effective stress of loose sands?
A) Reduction in effective stress
B) Doubling of effective stress
C) Increase in effective stress
D) Zero change in stress
  • 27. Which term describes a sudden physical change where solid material behaves like a liquid?
A) Thixotropy
B) Dilation
C) Resonance
D) Compaction
  • 28. Who first used the term 'liquefied' in soil mechanics?
A) The designers of the Balaroa suburb
B) Allen Hazen
C) The architects of the Marina District
D) The 1964 Alaska earthquake engineers
  • 29. Which dam failure was referenced when the term 'liquefied' was first used?
A) Oroville Dam
B) Calaveras Dam
C) Aswan Dam
D) Hoover Dam
  • 30. What builds up in the gaps between soil grains when saturated soil is compressed?
A) Air pressure
B) Pore water pressure
C) Soil contact stress
D) Chemical bonding
  • 31. Which city experienced destruction in the Marina District due to liquefaction in 1989?
A) Christchurch
B) Palu
C) Kobe
D) San Francisco
  • 32. What type of loading is a single, sudden change in stress called?
A) Monotonic loading
B) Cyclic loading
C) Static loading
D) Torsional loading
  • 33. Which of the following is an example of cyclic loading?
A) Constant weight of a building
B) Increase in load on an embankment
C) Sudden loss of toe support
D) Earthquake shaking
  • 34. Who referred to the flow failure phenomenon as 'flow liquefaction'?
A) Aberfan
B) Rankine
C) Casagrande
D) Kenji Ishihara
  • 35. What is the reference double amplitude shear strain for zero effective stress in cyclic liquefaction?
A) 20%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 1%
  • 36. What is the historical event mentioned as an example of flow failure?
A) The collapse of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge
B) Aberfan disaster
C) The Great Earthquake of 1906
D) The sinking of the Titanic
  • 37. Is zero effective stress required for flow liquefaction to occur?
A) Yes
B) No
C) Only in clays
D) Only in gravels
  • 38. Who discussed flow failure in the 33rd Rankine Lecture?
A) Casagrande
B) Kenji Ishihara
C) Aberfan
D) Terzaghi
  • 39. What factor does NOT affect the redistribution of pore water pressure?
A) Boundary conditions
B) Loading rate
C) Soil color
D) Soil permeability
  • 40. Which theory is used to simulate the elastoplastic behavior of soil under earthquake loading?
A) Quantum mechanics theory
B) Elastic beam theory
C) Generalized plasticity theory
D) Fluid dynamics theory
  • 41. What is an alternative name for sand boils or sand blows?
A) Soil erosion
B) Earthquake mounds
C) Sediment plumes
D) Sand volcanoes
  • 42. What is the study of liquefaction features left by prehistoric earthquakes called?
A) Hydrology
B) Paleoseismology
C) Geological mapping
D) Structural engineering
  • 43. What mathematical framework was extended to express governing equations for saturated porous media?
A) Biot formulation
B) Einstein field equations
C) Newtonian mechanics
D) Maxwell's equations
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