- 1. This exam will test your knowledge of the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas within Himachal Pradesh. These ranges form a significant part of the state's topography and hold immense ecological and cultural importance. What is the primary characteristic that defines the Shivalik range?
A) Volcanic activity and hot springs.
B) Deep river valleys with glacial features.
C) Outermost foothills with steep slopes.
D) Highest snow-capped peaks.
- 2. The Lesser Himalayas, also known as the Himachal Himalayas, are situated between which two major ranges?
A) Karakoram and Pir Panjal.
B) Deccan Plateau and the Western Ghats.
C) Greater Himalayas and the Shivaliks.
D) Trans-Himalayan and Tibetan Plateau.
- 3. Which of the following is a prominent feature of the Lesser Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh, characterized by longitudinal valleys formed between the parallel ranges?
A) Glaciers
B) Plateaus
C) Duns
D) Canyons
- 4. The Shivalik range is predominantly composed of which type of geological material?
A) Basaltic lava flows.
B) Granite and metamorphic rocks.
C) Unconsolidated sediments and sandstones.
D) Limestone and marble.
- 5. What is the general elevation range of the Shivalik range in Himachal Pradesh?
A) Above 6000 meters.
B) Below 300 meters.
C) Between 3000 and 5000 meters.
D) 600 to 1500 meters.
- 6. Which river system primarily shapes the landscape of the Shivalik region in Himachal Pradesh?
A) The Brahmaputra River.
B) The Sutlej and its tributaries.
C) The Indus River.
D) The Ganges River.
- 7. The Lesser Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh are known for their rich biodiversity. What type of forests are commonly found in their lower to mid-altitudes?
A) Tropical rainforests.
B) Temperate deciduous forests.
C) Alpine meadows.
D) Mangrove forests.
- 8. Which of the following hill stations is located in the Shivalik range of Himachal Pradesh?
A) Dharampur
B) Kullu
C) Manali
D) Shimla
- 9. The popular tourist destination of McLeod Ganj, associated with the Dalai Lama, is situated in which part of the Lesser Himalayas?
A) Pir Panjal Range
B) Great Himalayas
C) Zanskar Range
D) Dhauladhar Range
- 10. The term 'Himachal' itself refers to the 'Abode of Snow'. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic feature of the higher reaches of the Lesser Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh?
A) Alpine pastures.
B) Glacial meltwater streams.
C) Rocky outcrops and scree slopes.
D) Dense tropical vegetation.
- 11. Which mountain pass connects the Kullu Valley with the Lahaul and Spiti valleys, and is considered part of the Lesser Himalayas?
A) Rohtang Pass
B) Sutlej Pass
C) Indrahar Pass
D) Pir Panjal Pass
- 12. The soil in the Shivalik region is generally fertile, supporting agriculture. What is a common agricultural practice in this area?
A) Terrace farming.
B) Hydroponics.
C) Jhum cultivation (slash and burn).
D) Underground farming.
- 13. The Great Himalayan National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is primarily located within which geographical region of Himachal Pradesh?
A) Trans-Himalayan Region
B) Lesser Himalayas
C) Shivalik Range
D) Outer Himalayas
- 14. What is a major challenge faced by settlements in the Shivalik region due to its geological composition?
A) Drought and water scarcity.
B) Landslides and soil erosion.
C) Volcanic eruptions.
D) Extreme cold and snowfall.
- 15. The Dhauladhar range, a prominent sub-range of the Lesser Himalayas, is known for its picturesque beauty. What is its approximate average elevation?
A) 3,500 to 4,500 meters.
B) Below 500 meters.
C) 5,000 to 6,000 meters.
D) 1,000 to 2,000 meters.
- 16. Which of the following fruits is extensively cultivated in the lower altitudes of the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh?
A) Mangoes
B) Coconuts
C) Apples
D) Dates
- 17. The 'Bhabar' and 'Terai' are ecological zones often associated with Himalayan foothills. The Shivaliks in Himachal Pradesh are analogous to which of these zones?
A) Bhabar
B) Terai
C) Siwalik
D) Doab
- 18. What is a significant source of livelihood for many communities in the Lesser Himalayas, apart from agriculture?
A) Mining of precious metals.
B) Forestry and tourism.
C) Large-scale fishing.
D) Industrial manufacturing.
- 19. The 'Kandi' region, a dry sub-montane tract, is a characteristic feature of which of these Himalayan ranges in Himachal Pradesh?
A) Dhauladhar Range
B) Great Himalayan Range
C) Pir Panjal Range
D) Shivalik Range
- 20. Which of the following is a major river that originates in the higher reaches of the Lesser Himalayas and flows through Himachal Pradesh?
A) Ganges River
B) Yamuna River
C) Beas River
D) Indus River
- 21. The presence of coniferous forests like pine and deodar is typical of which altitudinal zone in the Lesser Himalayas?
A) Low altitudes (below 1000 meters).
B) High altitudes (above 3000 meters).
C) Coastal regions.
D) Mid-altitudes (1500-3000 meters).
- 22. Which of the following factors poses a threat to the natural vegetation and wildlife in the Shivalik region?
A) Glacial expansion.
B) Perennial flooding of the entire region.
C) Deforestation and habitat fragmentation.
D) Extreme volcanic activity.
- 23. The 'Churdhar Peak', the highest peak in the Lesser Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh, is located in which district?
A) Sirmaur
B) Shimla
C) Chamba
D) Kullu
- 24. The socio-economic development of the Shivalik region is often linked to the development of which sector?
A) Offshore oil exploration.
B) Large-scale mining.
C) Horticulture and small-scale industries.
D) Heavy manufacturing.
- 25. The unique geographical features of the Shivaliks and Lesser Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh contribute significantly to:
A) Monsoon suppression and desertification.
B) Regional climate patterns and water resource management.
C) Increased seismic activity in all regions.
D) Uniform agricultural productivity across the state.
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