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Catherine the Great - Quiz
Contributed by: Holland
  • 1. Which emperor of China was committed to an expansionist policy in Central Asia during Catherine's reign?
A) The Yongzheng Emperor
B) The Qianlong Emperor
C) The Kangxi Emperor
D) The Jiaqing Emperor
  • 2. What treaty did the Qianlong Emperor unilaterally abrogate in 1762?
A) The Treaty of Beijing
B) The Treaty of Kyakhta
C) The Treaty of Aigun
D) The Treaty of Nerchinsk
  • 3. What did the Treaty of Kyakhta govern between the two empires?
A) Border demarcation
B) Fishing quotas
C) The caravan trade
D) Navigational rights
  • 4. Which group of fugitives from the Qing Empire took refuge with the Russians, causing tension?
A) Tibetan monks
B) Dzungar Mongols
C) Manchu nobles
D) Han rebels
  • 5. What event committed by the Qing Empire led Dzungars to seek sanctuary in Russia?
A) The Taiping Rebellion
B) The Dzungar genocide
C) The Boxer Rebellion
D) The Dungan revolt
  • 6. How did Catherine perceive the Qianlong Emperor?
A) As a weak and easily manipulated leader
B) As an unpleasant and arrogant neighbour
C) As a reliable trading partner
D) As a wise and benevolent ruler
  • 7. Which of the following was NOT one of Catherine's stated goals regarding her foreign ambitions?
A) Annexing Beijing
B) Establishing trade with India
C) Ejecting the Turks from Europe
D) Suppressing the pride of China
  • 8. In what language did Catherine write a 1790 letter to Baron de Grimm mentioning her Chinese neighbour?
A) English
B) French
C) Russian
D) German
  • 9. What nickname did Catherine use for the Qianlong Emperor in her 1790 letter?
A) My Chinese neighbour with small eyes
B) The expansionist of Central Asia
C) The destroyer of the Dzungars
D) The arrogant ruler of the East
  • 10. Where did Russians become active in fur trapping in the Far East?
A) Siberia and Sakhalin
B) Mongolia and Manchuria
C) Kamchatka and the Kuril Islands
D) Alaska and the Aleutian Islands
  • 11. Why did Russian interest in opening trade with Japan develop?
A) To obtain supplies and food
B) To establish a military base
C) To spread Christianity
D) To acquire advanced weaponry
  • 12. Who was the Japanese sea captain driven ashore in the Aleutian Islands in 1783?
A) Tadataka Ino
B) Mamiya Rinzō
C) Honda Toshiaki
D) Daikokuya Kōdayū
  • 13. Whose territory were the Aleutian Islands when the Japanese sea captain washed ashore?
A) Japanese territory
B) Chinese territory
C) British territory
D) Russian territory
  • 14. When did Catherine grant Daikokuya Kōdayū an audience at Tsarskoye Selo?
A) 1 July 1762
B) 15 August 1783
C) 10 September 1792
D) 28 June 1791
  • 15. Who led the Russian trade mission dispatched to Japan in 1792?
A) Ivan Golovkin
B) Adam Laxman
C) Nikolai Rezanov
D) Grigory Potemkin
  • 16. Which Japanese governing body received the 1792 Russian trade mission?
A) The Tokugawa shogunate
B) The Satsuma Domain
C) The Edo City Council
D) The Imperial Court in Kyoto
  • 17. What was the outcome of the 1792 trade mission to Japan?
A) A major trade treaty was signed
B) Japan declared war on Russia
C) An alliance was formed against China
D) Negotiations failed
  • 18. How did Nicholas I evaluate the foreign policy of Catherine the Great?
A) As a brilliant and visionary success
B) As legally sound and strategic
C) As cautious and defensive
D) As a dishonest one
  • 19. What did Nicholas I say about Catherine's initial goals?
A) She modified them for the better
B) She achieved all of them perfectly
C) She abandoned them due to a lack of funds
D) She failed to reach any of them
  • 20. How was Catherine's foreign policy characterized from the very start?
A) An alliance-driven strategy focused on peace
B) A cautious approach focused solely on defense
C) A series of mistakes and lacking a long-term strategy
D) A masterclass in geopolitical maneuvering
  • 21. Which large territories did Russia lose from its protectorate under Catherine?
A) The Baltic governorates
B) The Crimean Peninsula
C) The Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania
D) The Grand Duchy of Finland
  • 22. To which countries did Catherine leave the territories of the Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania?
A) Sweden and the Ottoman Empire
B) Prussia and Austria
C) France and Great Britain
D) China and Japan
  • 23. Since whose reign had the Commonwealth been a Russian protectorate?
A) Ivan the Terrible
B) Peter I
C) Michael Romanov
D) Alexander I
  • 24. What political problem of dissidents did Peter I choose not to intervene in?
A) Protesting military conscription
B) Demanding tax exemptions
C) Advocating for their religious freedoms
D) Seeking parliamentary representation
  • 25. What kind of power did Catherine actually turn Russia into?
A) A global great power
B) A strictly regional European power
C) A minor maritime power
D) An isolated agrarian empire
  • 26. What caused famines, starvation, and fear of famines in Russia?
A) Trade embargoes imposed by Japan and China
B) Global trade of Russian natural resources and Russian grain
C) The abrogation of the Treaty of Kyakhta
D) Dzungar raids along the Siberian border
  • 27. Why did Catherine's dynasty eventually lose power?
A) Because of resource trading famines and a war with Austria and Germany
B) Because of the failed trade mission led by Adam Laxman
C) Because she failed to eject the Turks from Europe
D) Because of the loss of Kamchatka to Japan
  • 28. According to the text, a war with which nations was impossible without Catherine's foreign policy?
A) Austria and Germany
B) Sweden and the Ottoman Empire
C) China and Japan
D) Great Britain and France
  • 29. Which duchy did Catherine refuse?
A) Schleswig
B) Holstein-Gottorp
C) Bavaria
D) Holstein-Prussia
  • 30. What geographic feature did the refused duchy have ports on?
A) The North Sea
B) The Black Sea
C) The Atlantic Ocean
D) The Baltic Sea
  • 31. What role did Catherine pioneer for Russia, similar to Britain's later role?
A) Colonial conqueror
B) Financial backer
C) International mediator
D) Naval superpower
  • 32. When did the War of the Bavarian Succession take place?
A) 1788–1790
B) 1790–1792
C) 1780–1782
D) 1778–1779
  • 33. What relation was King Gustav III to Catherine?
A) Brother
B) Nephew
C) Cousin
D) Uncle
  • 34. Which city did King Gustav III hope to strike directly?
A) Holstein
B) Saint Petersburg
C) Moscow
D) Stockholm
  • 35. Which Russian fleet checked the Royal Swedish navy in July 1788?
A) Northern Fleet
B) Baltic Fleet
C) Atlantic Fleet
D) Black Sea Fleet
  • 36. What was the result of the Battle of Hogland in July 1788?
A) It was tied
B) A decisive Russian victory
C) A crushing Swedish victory
D) A cancellation due to weather
  • 37. Which country declared war on Sweden in 1788?
A) Austria
B) Prussia
C) Denmark
D) Britain
  • 38. Who was paid large sums of money as part of the peace settlement?
A) Catherine herself
B) The Austrian Emperor
C) Gustav III
D) The King of Denmark
  • 39. How long did peace ensue after the 1790 treaty, despite an assassination?
A) 5 years
B) 10 years
C) 50 years
D) 20 years
  • 40. In what year was King Gustav III assassinated?
A) 1800
B) 1788
C) 1790
D) 1792
  • 41. In what year was Catherine crowned?
A) 1796
B) 1781
C) 1768
D) 1762
  • 42. What inspired the design of the Great Imperial Crown?
A) British royal regalia
B) Byzantine design
C) Romanian art
D) Ottoman architecture
  • 43. How many Indian diamonds are on the Great Imperial Crown?
A) 2,300
B) 75
C) 4,936
D) 398
  • 44. What is the weight of the Great Imperial Crown?
A) 5.1kg
B) 1.5kg
C) 2.3kg
D) 3.8kg
  • 45. In which museum is the Great Imperial Crown currently on display?
A) Louvre Museum
B) Moscow Kremlin Armoury Museum
C) British Museum
D) State Hermitage Museum
  • 46. Whose rehabilitation was one of Catherine's early acts following her accession?
A) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
B) Ivan Osterman
C) Nikita Panin
D) Şahin Giray
  • 47. Who interpreted Bestuzhev's rehabilitation as presenting a political difficulty regarding Elizabeth's memory?
A) Jérémie Pauzié
B) Sergey Solovyov
C) Ivan Gudovich
D) Alexander Suvorov
  • 48. By how many square kilometres did Catherine extend the Russian Empire?
A) Some 750,000 square kilometres
B) Some 520,000 square kilometres
C) Some one million square kilometres
D) Some 200,000 square kilometres
  • 49. Who served as Catherine's foreign minister from 1763 to 1781?
A) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
B) Alexander Suvorov
C) Ivan Osterman
D) Nikita Panin
  • 50. What alliance system did Nikita Panin attempt to set up to counter the Bourbon–Habsburg League?
A) Northern Accord
B) Black Sea Coalition
C) Baltic Pact
D) Eastern League
  • 51. Who replaced Nikita Panin as foreign minister in 1781?
A) Ivan Gudovich
B) Şahin Giray
C) Ivan Osterman
D) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
  • 52. In what year did Catherine agree to a commercial treaty with Great Britain?
A) 1766
B) 1783
C) 1774
D) 1762
  • 53. On what date was the Treaty of Küçük Kaynarca signed?
A) 21 July 1774
B) 25 September 1789
C) 31 August 1762
D) 22 September 1762
  • 54. Who was named by Catherine to head the Crimean state to maintain friendly relations with Russia?
A) Şahin Giray
B) Ivan Osterman
C) Nikita Panin
D) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
  • 55. In what year did Catherine formally annex Crimea?
A) 1783
B) 1762
C) 1792
D) 1774
  • 56. What new city replaced Khadjibey by a decree in 1794?
A) Kherson
B) Nikolayev
C) Odessa
D) Yekaterinoslav
  • 57. What was Catherine the Great's birth name?
A) Sophie Auguste Friederike von Anhalt-Zerbst
B) Joanna Elisabeth of Holstein-Gottorp
C) Maria Choglokova
D) Yekaterina Alekseyevna
  • 58. When did Catherine die?
A) 28 June 1744
B) 2 May 1729
C) 17 November 1796
D) 5 January 1762
  • 59. In what city was Catherine born?
A) Oranienbaum
B) Stettin
C) Saint Petersburg
D) Moscow
  • 60. At what age did Catherine marry Peter?
A) 15
B) 21
C) 16
D) 18
  • 61. Which Roman historian's work caused a 'revolution' in Catherine's mind regarding power politics?
A) Plutarch
B) Tacitus
C) Voltaire
D) Cicero
  • 62. Who was widely believed to be the biological father of Catherine's son Paul?
A) Grigory Orlov
B) Sergei Saltykov
C) Grigory Potemkin
D) Peter III
  • 63. When was Catherine's son Paul born?
A) 1745
B) 1757
C) 1754
D) 1762
  • 64. What was the name of Catherine and Peter's second child who died at 14 months?
A) Sophie
B) Anna
C) Joanna
D) Elizabeth
  • 65. Which regiment did Catherine visit on the night of the coup to ask for protection?
A) Holstein Regiment
B) Izmailovsky Regiment
C) Imperial Guard
D) Semenovsky Barracks
  • 66. Where did Peter III die following his overthrow?
A) Ropsha
B) Stettin
C) Schlüsselburg
D) Oranienbaum
  • 67. Who was appointed director of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences in 1783?
A) Joanna Elisabeth
B) Maria Choglokova
C) Empress Elizabeth
D) Princess Yekaterina Dashkova
  • 68. When did Catherine found the Imperial Public Library, Russia's first state public library?
A) 1783
B) 1762
C) 1768
D) 1795
  • 69. Which medical procedure did Catherine promote by undergoing it herself in 1768?
A) Pneumonia treatment
B) Bloodletting
C) Smallpox inoculation
D) Phlebotomy
  • 70. Which rebellion posed a major challenge to Catherine's rule, involving Cossacks, nomads, and peasants?
A) Lopukhina affair
B) Russo-Turkish War
C) Pugachev's Rebellion
D) Bar Confederation
  • 71. Which admiral served under Catherine the Great?
A) Pyotr Rumyantsev
B) Grigory Orlov
C) Fyodor Ushakov
D) Alexander Suvorov
  • 72. Which territory in the east became the first European colony established by Russians under Catherine?
A) Poland
B) Crimea
C) New Russia
D) Alaska
  • 73. What was the name of the new Russian territories colonized along the coasts of the Black and Azov seas?
A) New Russia
B) Courland and Semigallia
C) Russian America
D) Holstein-Gottorp
  • 74. Which southern territory was annexed following victories over the Ottoman Empire?
A) Alaska
B) Poland
C) Crimean Khanate
D) Schleswig
  • 75. Which city was founded on Catherine's orders in newly conquered lands?
A) Szczecin
B) Stettin
C) Oranienbaum
D) Sevastopol
  • 76. Who was installed by Catherine to the throne of Poland before its partition?
A) Peter III
B) Her former lover
C) Her son Paul
D) Grigory Potemkin
  • 77. Who was appointed to supervise Catherine and Peter by Empress Elizabeth in May 1746?
A) Joanna Elisabeth
B) Princess Yekaterina Dashkova
C) Alexey Bestuzhev-Ryumin
D) Maria Choglokova
  • 78. What disease did Sophie's uncle Charles Augustus die of in Saint Petersburg in 1727?
A) Pneumonia
B) Smallpox
C) Apoplexy
D) Haemorrhoidal colic
  • 79. What disease did Catherine contract and survive shortly after arriving in Russia?
A) Pneumonia
B) Cholera
C) Typhus
D) Smallpox
  • 80. Which philosopher did Catherine first read during her unhappy marriage to Peter?
A) Grimm
B) Voltaire
C) Bestuzhev
D) Tacitus
  • 81. What was the name of the residence of the 'young court' where Peter and Catherine settled?
A) Winter Palace
B) Oranienbaum
C) Smolny Institute
D) Schlüsselburg
  • 82. Which palace did Catherine and Peter move into after Peter became emperor?
A) Ropsha
B) Oranienbaum
C) Winter Palace
D) Ducal Castle
  • 83. Who was the Prussian King whose admiration by Peter III alienated Russian nobles?
A) Frederick II
B) Adolf Frederick
C) Frederick the Great
D) Christian August
  • 84. What society did Catherine support that promoted the spread of potato cultivation?
A) Russian Academy
B) Imperial Public Library
C) Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
D) Free Economic Society
  • 85. Which of Catherine's generals achieved renown during the wars against the Ottoman Empire?
A) Alexander Suvorov
B) Pyotr Rumyantsev
C) Fyodor Ushakov
D) Samuel Greig
  • 86. Which kingdom became a Russian protectorate in 1783?
A) Persia
B) Armenia
C) Georgia
D) Azerbaijan
  • 87. Who was the new king of Persia who invaded Georgia in 1795?
A) Valerian Zubov
B) Agha Mohammad Khan
C) Ivan Gudovich
D) Morteza Qoli Khan
  • 88. Who was the pro-Russian half-brother intended to replace the Persian shah?
A) King Erekle II
B) Valerian Zubov
C) Agha Mohammad Khan
D) Morteza Qoli Khan
  • 89. Whose advice did Catherine follow instead of appointing Ivan Gudovich?
A) Paul I
B) Derzhavin
C) Prince Zubov
D) King Erekle II
  • 90. Who was entrusted with the command of the Russian troops in 1796?
A) Morteza Qoli Khan
B) Count Valerian Zubov
C) Agha Mohammad Khan
D) Ivan Gudovich
  • 91. What relation was Valerian Zubov to Prince Zubov?
A) Uncle
B) Son
C) Younger brother
D) Father
  • 92. Where did the Russian troops set out from in April 1796?
A) St. Petersburg
B) Kizlyar
C) Derbent
D) Moscow
  • 93. Which key fortress did the Russian troops storm on 21 May 1796?
A) Baku
B) Shemakha
C) Ganja
D) Derbent
  • 94. Who glorified the storming of Derbent in a famous ode?
A) Ivan Gudovich
B) Valerian Zubov
C) Paul I
D) Derzhavin
  • 95. What major event occurred in November 1796 that halted the campaign?
A) Catherine died
B) A massive earthquake destroyed the army
C) Persian forces defeated Zubov in a major battle
D) Agha Mohammad Khan surrendered unconditionally
  • 96. Who did Catherine place on the Polish throne in 1764?
A) Alexander Bezborodko
B) Stanislaus Augustus Poniatowski
C) Kościuszko
D) Frederick II
  • 97. In what year did Catherine become the formal protector of political rights for dissidents and peasants in the Commonwealth?
A) 1795
B) 1764
C) 1791
D) 1768
  • 98. Which foreign power supported the Confederation of Bar?
A) Habsburg monarchy
B) Austria
C) France
D) Prussia
  • 99. Which monarchy gained Galicia, satisfying Empress Catherine?
A) Habsburg monarchy
B) French monarchy
C) Ottoman Empire
D) Prussian monarchy
  • 100. What did the Targowica confederates believe the Russians would help them restore?
A) The French Monarchy
B) The Permanent Council
C) The Golden Liberty
D) The May Constitution
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