A) It eliminates all prior legal records. B) It changes them only for future occurrences. C) It changes their legal consequences or status retrospectively. D) It mandates a public apology for past actions.
A) It replaces all judges with politicians. B) It guarantees an automatic appeal for all prisoners. C) It may criminalize actions that were legal when committed. D) It removes the right to a trial by jury.
A) It forbids the use of fines as punishment. B) It may add new penalties or extend sentences. C) It replaces prison time with community service. D) It automatically grants parole to all inmates.
A) It may remove it from the legal code entirely. B) It may extend it. C) It may make it non-binding for all crimes. D) It may shorten it to zero.
A) To save money on court proceedings. B) To make conviction for a crime likelier. C) To protect the identity of anonymous witnesses. D) To increase the privacy of the accused.
A) An amnesty law. B) A commercial zoning regulation. C) A standard traffic ordinance. D) A property tax assessment.
A) A pardon applies in just one case instead of a class of cases. B) A pardon requires parliamentary approval. C) A pardon is always permanent while amnesty is temporary. D) A pardon only applies to financial crimes.
A) Lex loci. B) Stare decisis. C) Habeas corpus. D) In mitius.
A) The victim chooses which version of the law applies. B) The harshest version of the law always applies. C) The version of the law more advantageous for the accused applies. D) The newest version of the law always applies.
A) The milder law. B) The criminal code. C) The final ruling. D) The absolute law.
A) They do not apply at all. B) They apply to all retroactive changes. C) To the extent that they are the milder law. D) They only apply to civil litigation.
A) They only apply to crimes committed after the decision. B) They never apply to past events. C) They generally apply to events that occurred before the decision. D) They require a constitutional amendment to take effect.
A) The United States. B) The United Kingdom. C) Albania. D) A nation with parliamentary supremacy.
A) Only for civil matters. B) No, they are strictly forbidden. C) Yes, they may be possible. D) Only if the monarch approves them.
A) The total abolition of the court system. B) Retroactive effect for laws that alleviate possible punishments. C) Retroactive prosecution for all crimes. D) The creation of new crimes by decree.
A) European Convention on Human Rights. B) The Geneva Protocol. C) The Kyoto Agreement. D) The Helsinki Accord.
A) Article 9. B) Article 15(1). C) Article 29. D) Article 7.
A) Article 9. B) Article 7. C) Article 29. D) Article 15.
A) Prohibit prosecution. B) Increase prison terms. C) Force a confession. D) Change the venue of the trial.
A) Polls show majority support in some cases. B) Public opinion is universally against them. C) The public is unaware of such laws. D) Public opinion is irrelevant to legal scholars.
A) The constitution strictly forbids all retrospective laws. B) The constitution only allows them in criminal cases. C) There is no strong constitutional prohibition. D) There is an absolute constitutional ban.
A) Freedom of the press. B) Illegal immigration. C) Public education standards. D) Tax avoidance schemes.
A) The Universal Declaration Case. B) The Optional Protocol Case. C) Polyukhovich v Commonwealth. D) The Fraser Tax Case.
A) 1948. B) 1995. C) 1955. D) 1980.
A) Section 1 B) Section 33 C) Section 11(g) D) Section 5(XXXVI)
A) The original punishment B) The lesser punishment C) The most recent punishment D) The maximum possible punishment
A) 2011 B) 2015 C) 2001 D) 2004
A) 1940 B) 1945 C) 1943 D) 1930
A) 46 B) 103 C) 19 D) 8
A) International treaties B) Civil matters such as taxation C) Constitutional amendments D) Criminal homicide cases
A) One B) Three C) Zero D) Five
A) Military personnel B) Foreign occupiers C) Civilian rebels D) Political leaders
A) 1 June 1945 B) 9 April 1940 C) 29 August 1943 D) 1 May 1945
A) General interest status. B) Retroactivity in mitius. C) Indignité nationale. D) Lois rétroactives.
A) William O. Douglas B) Franklin D. Roosevelt C) Harlan Stone D) Robert A. Taft
A) Nuremberg Charter B) Kellogg–Briand Pact C) Radbruch formula D) Hague Convention
A) 50% B) 88% C) 98% D) 95%
A) The International Military Tribunal B) Harlan Stone C) William O. Douglas D) Robert A. Taft
A) Masykur Abdul Kadir B) Éamon de Valera C) Seán Hales D) Hugh Kennedy
A) 1937 B) 1931 C) 1922 D) 2004
A) Éamon de Valera B) Chief Justice Hugh Kennedy C) Seán Hales D) Alexander Hamilton
A) Éamon de Valera B) Masykur Abdul Kadir C) Rory O'Connor D) Alexander Hamilton
A) Executed following a referendum. B) Executed under standard military protocol. C) Executed ex post facto and without trial. D) Executed after a fair public trial.
A) Joseph Goebbels B) Heinrich Himmler C) Adolf Hitler D) Adolf Eichmann
A) Interpretation Act 1999 B) Sentencing Act 2002 C) Bill of Rights Act 1990 D) Criminal Justice Act 1985
A) Environmental pollution B) Tax evasion C) Home invasion D) Cybercrime
A) Nazi occupation B) The Cold War C) Local civil uprisings D) Soviet repressions
A) January 1, 1944 B) March 15, 1953 C) September 26, 2000 D) December 10, 1990
A) Poland B) Romania C) Norway D) Pakistan
A) Nullum crimen B) Lex retro non agit C) Lex superior D) Ex post facto
A) The 1973 Statute doctrine B) The Spanish Bill of Rights C) The Article 9 principle D) The Parot doctrine
A) 2015 B) 1973 C) 2013 D) 2006
A) 1979 B) 1818 C) 2004 D) 2005
A) Crown Princess Victoria B) Charles XIV John C) Prince Carl Philip D) Carl XVI Gustaf
A) The Constitutional Article 9.3 ruling B) The European Court of Human Rights ruling C) The Parot doctrine ruling D) The 1973 Statute ruling
A) Parliamentary sovereignty B) Constitutional supremacy C) Judicial review D) Common law precedent
A) Benjamin Franklin B) George Washington C) James Madison D) Thomas Jefferson
A) Germany B) Belarus C) Poland D) France
A) Justinian B) Augustus C) Marcus Tullius Cicero D) Julius Caesar |