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Differential association - Quiz
Contributed by: Ferguson
  • 1. According to Sutherland, how is criminal behavior acquired?
A) It is learned from other individuals.
B) It is a result of low intelligence.
C) It is an inherited trait.
D) It is caused by biological abnormalities.
  • 2. In what social context does the principal part of learning criminal behavior occur?
A) In formal educational institutions.
B) Within intimate personal groups.
C) Through random encounters with strangers.
D) Through mass media and television.
  • 3. What determines whether a person becomes delinquent according to this theory?
A) An imbalance of socioeconomic status.
B) An excess of definitions favorable to violating the law.
C) The presence of psychological trauma.
D) A lack of basic moral education.
  • 4. What does the learning of criminal behavior include?
A) Biological predispositions to violence.
B) Only the psychological justification for crime.
C) Techniques, motives, drives, and rationalizations.
D) Only the specific methods for committing crimes.
  • 5. Which of the following variables affects differential associations?
A) Frequency, duration, priority, and intensity.
B) Intelligence quotient and cognitive speed.
C) Social class and physical geography.
D) Genetic markers and physical appearance.
  • 6. How does Sutherland describe the process of learning criminal behavior compared to other learning?
A) It involves the same mechanisms as any other learning.
B) It requires a unique cognitive process.
C) It is more complex than other learning types.
D) It is faster than learning non-criminal behavior.
  • 7. Why does Sutherland argue that general needs and values do not explain criminal behavior?
A) Needs and values are irrelevant to human actions.
B) Criminals lack all normal human values.
C) Criminal behavior is independent of human needs.
D) Non-criminal behavior also stems from the same needs and values.
  • 8. What is one unique aspect of Sutherland's theory regarding its scope?
A) It focuses exclusively on lower-class crime.
B) It applies to white-collar and corporate crime.
C) It applies only to violent crimes.
D) It only applies to juvenile delinquency.
  • 9. What is a major criticism of differential association theory?
A) It is too focused on socioeconomic status.
B) It neglects individual personality traits.
C) It focuses too much on biological factors.
D) It ignores the role of social interaction.
  • 10. What role does communication play in criminal behavior according to the theory?
A) Communication is unrelated to the learning process.
B) Communication prevents crime from occurring.
C) Criminal behavior is learned through interaction with others via communication.
D) Communication only happens after a crime is committed.
  • 11. How are motives and drives specifically learned?
A) From definitions of legal codes as favorable or unfavorable.
B) From the physical environment of the crime.
C) From peer pressure regardless of legal codes.
D) From innate biological instincts.
  • 12. What concern is raised regarding the theory's view of individuals?
A) It assumes individuals are inherently good.
B) It assumes people are too rational.
C) It claims people have no personality.
D) It overlooks that people are independent, rational actors.
  • 13. Who developed the theory of differential association?
A) Max Weber
B) Karl Marx
C) Emile Durkheim
D) Edwin Sutherland
  • 14. According to the text, what does Sutherland consider the 'self' to be?
A) A product of hereditary status
B) A social construct
C) An unchanging internal essence
D) A fixed biological trait
  • 15. According to the text, how do individuals make sense of their everyday experiences?
A) Using indexicality methods
B) Using biological instincts
C) Using historical archives
D) Using mathematical formulas
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