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Ganges River - Exam
Contributed by: Elliott
  • 1. In which country is the Ganges River located?
A) India
B) China
C) Nepal
D) Bangladesh
  • 2. Which mountain range is the source of the Ganges River?
A) Himalayas
B) Alps
C) Rocky
D) Andes
  • 3. Which city is located at the mouth of the Ganges River?
A) Varanasi
B) Dhaka
C) Delhi
D) Kolkata
  • 4. What is the major environmental issue facing the Ganges River?
A) Pollution
B) Overfishing
C) Climate change
D) Deforestation
  • 5. What is the highest peak in the Himalayas and serves as the source of the Ganges River?
A) K2
B) Everest
C) Annapurna
D) Gangotri
  • 6. What is the Ganges River known as in Hindi?
A) Godavari
B) Ganga
C) Brahmaputra
D) Yamuna
  • 7. Which city is often considered the spiritual capital of India due to its location on the Ganges River?
A) Mumbai
B) Delhi
C) Varanasi
D) Jaipur
  • 8. What is the important festival associated with the Ganges River?
A) Ganga Dussehra
B) Navratri
C) Diwali
D) Holi
  • 9. Which historical figure is traditionally credited with performing the ritual that brought the Ganges River to Earth?
A) Ashoka the Great
B) Akbar the Great
C) Bhagiratha
D) Mahatma Gandhi
  • 10. What is the name of the Ganges River when it enters Bangladesh?
A) Meghna
B) Padma
C) Brahmaputra
D) Jamuna
  • 11. Which river is considered the source stream in Hindu mythology for the Ganges?
A) The Yamuna
B) The Son
C) The Alaknanda
D) The Bhagirathi
  • 12. Where does the main stem of the Ganges begin at its confluence?
A) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
B) Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
C) Haridwar, Uttarakhand
D) Devprayag, Uttarakhand
  • 13. Which river joins the Ganges at Prayagraj?
A) The Son River
B) The Ramganga River
C) The Yamuna River
D) The Ghaghara River
  • 14. What is the largest tributary of the Ganges by discharge?
A) The Son River
B) The Kosi River
C) The Yamuna River
D) The Ghaghara (Karnali) River
  • 15. Which river is the largest distributary of the Brahmaputra?
A) The Surma River
B) The Jamuna River
C) The Padma River
D) The Meghna River
  • 16. What is formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers?
A) The Sundarbans
B) The Hooghly River
C) The Bengal Fan
D) The Ganges Delta
  • 17. What percentage of its flow is diverted southwards by a feeder canal in West Bengal?
A) 100%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 75%
  • 18. Which river system has the second-largest discharge on earth after the Amazon and Congo?
A) The Mekong River System
B) The Nile River System
C) The Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna system
D) The Yangtze River System
  • 19. What is the length of the Ganges River?
A) 2,525 kilometers (1,569 miles)
B) 5,000 kilometers (3,107 miles)
C) 4,500 kilometers (2,796 miles)
D) 3,000 kilometers (1,864 miles)
  • 20. Which of the following cities is not located on the banks of the Ganges?
A) Varanasi
B) Patna
C) Kanpur
D) Mumbai
  • 21. Which critically endangered species is found in the Ganges?
A) Snow leopard
B) Indian elephant
C) South Asian river dolphin
D) Bengal tiger
  • 22. What is the approximate number of fish species found in the Ganges?
A) 50 species
B) 200 species
C) 140 species
D) 300 species
  • 23. What is the name of the Ganges' largest distributary that eventually becomes the Hooghly River?
A) Meghna
B) Padma
C) Jamuna
D) Bhāgirathi-Hooghly
  • 24. Which city is located at the confluence of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers?
A) Kanpur
B) Varanasi
C) Haridwar
D) Prayagraj (Allahabad)
  • 25. Which river joins the Ganges at Farakka, West Bengal?
A) The Ghaghara River
B) The Son River
C) The Yamuna River
D) The Bhāgirathi-Hooghly River
  • 26. What is the approximate length of the Ganges Delta?
A) 200 kilometers (124 miles)
B) 600 kilometers (373 miles)
C) 800 kilometers (497 miles)
D) 400 kilometers (250 miles)
  • 27. Which city is located at the end of the Ganges Delta?
A) Kolkata
B) Sagar Island
C) Dhaka
D) Chittagong
  • 28. Which tectonic plate does the Indian subcontinent lie atop?
A) Eurasian Plate
B) African Plate
C) Indian tectonic plate
D) Pacific Plate
  • 29. The Indian subcontinent was originally part of which supercontinent?
A) Gondwana
B) Rodinia
C) Pangaea
D) Laurasia
  • 30. How long did the northeastward drift of the Indian subcontinent last?
A) One hundred million years
B) Seventy-five million years
C) Fifty million years
D) Thirty million years
  • 31. What is the geological term for the Indo-Gangetic Plain?
A) Volcanic arc
B) Plateau
C) Foredeep or foreland basin
D) Canyon
  • 32. Which ocean was unformed when the Indian subcontinent began its drift?
A) Indian Ocean
B) Arctic Ocean
C) Atlantic Ocean
D) Pacific Ocean
  • 33. What caused the creation of a vast trough south of the emerging Himalayas?
A) Volcanic activity
B) Erosion by rivers
C) Meteor impact
D) Plate movement
  • 34. What geological processes began seventy-five million years ago in the Indian subcontinent?
A) Creation of the Indo-Gangetic Plain
B) Subduction under the Eurasian Plate
C) Northeastward drift across the then unformed Indian Ocean
D) Formation of the Himalayas
  • 35. What is the significance of the Indo-Australian Plate in relation to the Indian subcontinent?
A) The Indian tectonic plate is a minor plate within it
B) It created the Indo-Gangetic Plain
C) It collided with the Eurasian Plate
D) It formed the Himalayas
  • 36. What percentage of the Ganges basin is located in India?
A) About 60%
B) About 80%
C) About 90%
D) About 50%
  • 37. Which mountain range marks the southern boundary of the Ganges basin?
A) The Aravalli range
B) The Himalayas
C) The Vindhya range
D) The Transhimalaya
  • 38. Which peak is not part of the Ganges basin?
A) K2
B) Mount Everest
C) Lhotse
D) Kangchenjunga
  • 39. Which river was the main channel of the Ganges before the late 12th century?
A) The Padma River
B) The Adi Ganga
C) The Bhagirathi-Hooghly distributary
D) The Jamuna River
  • 40. What caused the Teesta River to change course in 1787?
A) An earthquake
B) Drought conditions
C) Human intervention
D) A great flood
  • 41. Which season is responsible for about 84% of the total rainfall in the Ganges basin?
A) Winter
B) Summer
C) The Northeast Monsoon
D) The Southwest Monsoon
  • 42. Which Indian state is not part of the Ganges basin?
A) Kerala
B) Bihar
C) West Bengal
D) Uttarakhand
  • 43. Which river was the main channel of the Ganges before it shifted to the Padma?
A) The Meghna River
B) The Bhagirathi-Hooghly
C) The Jamuna River
D) The Adi Ganga
  • 44. Which peak is the high point of the Ganges basin?
A) Kangchenjunga
B) Makalu
C) Mount Everest
D) Lhotse
  • 45. Which empire used the Ganges as a vital trade artery?
A) The Mauryan Empire
B) The Gupta Empire
C) The Mughal Empire
D) The British Empire
  • 46. Who was the first European traveller to mention the Ganges?
A) Marco Polo
B) The Greek envoy Megasthenes
C) Christopher Columbus
D) Vasco da Gama
  • 47. In which work did Megasthenes mention the Ganges?
A) The Odyssey
B) Geographia
C) The Histories
D) Indica
  • 48. Which nation did the Ganges form the eastern boundary for, as mentioned by Megasthenes?
A) Gangaridai
B) Persia
C) Rome
D) Egypt
  • 49. During which era was the Ganges personified as the goddess Ganga?
A) Classical and Medieval Age (200 BCE – 1500 CE)
B) Modern Age (1500 – Present)
C) Vedic Period
D) British Colonial Era
  • 50. What was established by the Sena dynasty that centered around the riverine heartlands?
A) Mughal Administration
B) British Colonial Rule
C) Islamic Caliphate
D) Kulinism social structure
  • 51. How did the Ganges serve the Delhi Sultanate during its establishment?
A) As a trade route to Europe
B) As both a strategic barrier and a logistics corridor
C) As a primary source of drinking water
D) As a recreational area
  • 52. What was the primary source of tax revenue for the Sultans of Delhi?
A) Revenue from mining operations
B) Control over the Doab
C) Tribute from Southeast Asia
D) Trade tariffs on silk
  • 53. Which city rose to prominence as a major medieval metropolis and capital of the Bengal Sultanate?
A) Delhi
B) Varanasi
C) Gauḍa
D) Haridwar
  • 54. What was constructed by India to desilt the Kolkata port, causing downstream concerns in Bangladesh?
A) Farakka Barrage
B) Hooghly River Dam
C) Ganges Canal
D) Yamuna Flood Control System
  • 55. In the Vedic version of the avatarana, who slays the celestial serpent Vritra?
A) Vishnu
B) Brahma
C) Indra, the Lord of Svarga (Heaven)
D) Shiva
  • 56. In the Vaishnava version, what was the name of the heavenly waters before they became the Ganges?
A) Vishnupadi.
B) Apsara
C) Indrapani
D) Soma
  • 57. Which avatar of Vishnu completes three strides leading to the release of Vishnupadi?
A) Krishna
B) Rama
C) Vamana.
D) Narasimha
  • 58. Who receives the Vishnupadi in Indra's heaven according to the Vaishnava version?
A) Brahma
B) Dhruva, once a steadfast worshipper of Vishnu.
C) Vishnu
D) Indra
  • 59. Through which celestial body does the Ganges flow after being released from heaven?
A) Ursa Major
B) Andromeda
C) The Milky Way.
D) Orion's Belt
  • 60. Who is responsible for taming the Ganges' descent to prevent it from shattering the earth?
A) Vishnu
B) Indra
C) Brahma
D) Shiva, who receives her in his tangled hair.
  • 61. Who disturbs Sage Kapila's meditation leading to the avatarana story?
A) Vishnu
B) Indra
C) Shiva
D) The sixty thousand sons of King Sagara.
  • 62. What happens to the sixty thousand sons of King Sagara when disturbed by Sage Kapila?
A) They are seared with his angry gaze, reduced to ashes.
B) They are turned into stones
C) They are banished from heaven
D) They become celestial beings
  • 63. Where does the Ganges first arrive in the plains according to the avatarana story?
A) In Varanasi
B) At Prayag
C) At Ganges Sagar
D) At Haridwar.
  • 64. From whose foot does Ganga emanate in the avatarana story?
A) Shiva's
B) Vishnu's
C) Indra's
D) Brahma's
  • 65. What is Shiva's title that signifies his relationship with Ganga?
A) Nataraja
B) Mahadeva
C) Gangadhara
D) Trimurti
  • 66. Who does Ganga marry in the Mahabharata?
A) Pandu
B) Dhritarashtra
C) Shantanu
D) Bhishma
  • 67. What does the dwarf attendant carry in Ganga's iconography?
A) A musical instrument.
B) A shield and spear.
C) A sacred scripture.
D) A cosmetic bag.
  • 68. In which century did the purna kumbha become an established feature in Ganga's iconography?
A) By the 9th century.
B) By the 7th century.
C) By the 11th century.
D) By the 5th century.
  • 69. What is a unique feature of some naga sanyasis at Kumbh Mela?
A) They always wear saffron sheets
B) They avoid ritual bathing
C) They only participate in religious discussions
D) Some may not wear any clothes.
  • 70. Who was an advisor to Chandragupta Maurya and included the destruction of dams and levees as a strategy during war?
A) Kautilya (Chanakya)
B) Megasthenes
C) Shah Jahan
D) Firuz Shah Tughlaq
  • 71. Who built an irrigation canal on the Yamuna River in the early 17th century?
A) Firuz Shah Tughlaq
B) Col. John Russell Colvin
C) Shah Jahan
D) Kautilya (Chanakya)
  • 72. Which historian described the Ganges Canal as the largest ever attempted in the world?
A) Ian Stone
B) Sir Proby Thomas Cautley
C) Lord Dalhousie
D) Col. John Russell Colvin
  • 73. What was the length of the main Ganges Canal?
A) 700 km (435 mi)
B) 240 km (150 mi)
C) 560 km (350 mi)
D) 480 km (300 mi)
  • 74. In which year did the construction of the Ganges Canal begin?
A) 1854
B) 1842
C) 1836
D) 1839
  • 75. When was the major barrage at Farakka opened?
A) 15 August 1969
B) 1 January 1980
C) 30 December 1996
D) 21 April 1975
  • 76. Where is the Lav Khush Barrage located?
A) Kanpur
B) Rishikesh
C) Varanasi
D) Patna
  • 77. Which town is popular for river rafting on the Ganges?
A) Haridwar
B) Varanasi
C) Prayagraj
D) Rishikesh
  • 78. What percentage of the upper Gangetic Plain has been degraded or converted to agriculture?
A) 50%
B) 85%
C) More than 95%
D) 75%
  • 79. Where do Bengal tigers survive in the Ganges Delta?
A) Rajasthan desert
B) Western Ghats
C) Eastern Himalayas
D) Sundarbans area
  • 80. What type of ecoregion is nearly extinct in the Sundarbans?
A) Temperate forest ecoregion
B) Tropical rainforest ecoregion
C) Freshwater swamp ecoregion
D) Desert ecoregion
  • 81. Which tree species grows in the Sundarbans area of the Ganges Delta?
A) Deodar trees
B) Sundarbands mangroves (Heritiera fomes)
C) Teak trees
D) Banyan trees
  • 82. Which tree dominates the early seral forest communities in the lower Gangetic Plain?
A) Maple trees
B) Pine trees
C) Bombax ceiba
D) Oak trees
  • 83. How many fish species were recorded in a major study of the Ganges basin from 2007 to 2009?
A) 175
B) 100
C) 250
D) 143
  • 84. Which family follows Cyprinidae in terms of species count in the upper section of the Ganges basin?
A) Sisoridae
B) Clupeidae
C) Schilbeidae
D) Balitoridae
  • 85. Which family is the second most diverse in the middle section of the Ganges basin?
A) Clupeidae
B) Cyprinidae
C) Bagridae
D) Schilbeidae
  • 86. What is one of the primary issues threatening fish species in the Ganges basin?
A) Predation by birds
B) Overfishing
C) Climate change
D) Natural disasters
  • 87. Which fish commonly caught in the Ganges fisheries is a type of catfish?
A) Catla (Catla catla)
B) Milkfish (Chanos chanos)
C) Rohu (Labeo rohita)
D) Goonch catfish (Bagarius)
  • 88. Which crocodilian species is found specifically in the main sections of the Ganges River?
A) Indian black turtle (Melanochelys trijuga)
B) Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)
C) Mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris)
D) Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)
  • 89. Which turtle is known as the Indian flapshell turtle?
A) Morenia petersi
B) Chitra indica
C) Lissemys punctata
D) Pangshura smithii
  • 90. Which of these turtles is considered the Indian softshell turtle?
A) Nilssonia gangetica
B) Melanochelys trijuga
C) Geoclemys hamiltonii
D) Pangshura tecta
  • 91. Which species is referred to as the Indian peacock softshell turtle?
A) Batagur baska
B) Pelochelys cantorii
C) Nilssonia hurum
D) Crocodylus palustris
  • 92. Which turtle is known as the Indian black turtle?
A) Pangshura smithii
B) Morenia petersi
C) Melanochelys trijuga
D) Geoclemys hamiltonii
  • 93. Which turtle is called the Brahminy river turtle?
A) Hardella thurjii
B) Lissemys punctata
C) Nilssonia gangetica
D) Melanochelys trijuga
  • 94. Which turtle species is known as the Cantor's giant softshell turtle?
A) Pelochelys cantorii
B) Nilssonia gangetica
C) Pangshura smithii
D) Chitra indica
  • 95. Which of these turtles is the northern river terrapin?
A) Batagur baska
B) Nilssonia hurum
C) Pangshura tecta
D) B. dhongoka
  • 96. Which turtle is referred to as the three-striped roofed turtle?
A) Batagur dhongoka
B) Geoclemys hamiltonii
C) Pangshura tentoria
D) Batagur baska
  • 97. Which turtle is the red-crowned roofed turtle?
A) Batagur kachuga
B) Melanochelys trijuga
C) Chitra indica
D) Pangshura smithii
  • 98. Which turtle is known as the black pond turtle?
A) Hardella thurjii
B) Morenia petersi
C) Geoclemys hamiltonii
D) Pangshura tecta
  • 99. Which turtle is the Indian eyed turtle?
A) Lissemys punctata
B) Batagur baska
C) Pangshura smithii
D) Morenia petersi
  • 100. Which turtle is referred to as the brown roofed turtle?
A) Morenia petersi
B) Nilssonia gangetica
C) Pangshura smithii
D) Chitra indica
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