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Ganges River - Exam
Contributed by: Elliott
  • 1. In which country is the Ganges River located?
A) Nepal
B) India
C) China
D) Bangladesh
  • 2. Which mountain range is the source of the Ganges River?
A) Rocky
B) Alps
C) Himalayas
D) Andes
  • 3. Which city is located at the mouth of the Ganges River?
A) Delhi
B) Varanasi
C) Dhaka
D) Kolkata
  • 4. What is the major environmental issue facing the Ganges River?
A) Climate change
B) Deforestation
C) Overfishing
D) Pollution
  • 5. What is the highest peak in the Himalayas and serves as the source of the Ganges River?
A) Annapurna
B) Everest
C) Gangotri
D) K2
  • 6. What is the Ganges River known as in Hindi?
A) Ganga
B) Godavari
C) Yamuna
D) Brahmaputra
  • 7. Which city is often considered the spiritual capital of India due to its location on the Ganges River?
A) Mumbai
B) Jaipur
C) Varanasi
D) Delhi
  • 8. What is the important festival associated with the Ganges River?
A) Navratri
B) Holi
C) Diwali
D) Ganga Dussehra
  • 9. Which historical figure is traditionally credited with performing the ritual that brought the Ganges River to Earth?
A) Bhagiratha
B) Mahatma Gandhi
C) Ashoka the Great
D) Akbar the Great
  • 10. What is the name of the Ganges River when it enters Bangladesh?
A) Meghna
B) Padma
C) Brahmaputra
D) Jamuna
  • 11. Which river is considered the source stream in Hindu mythology for the Ganges?
A) The Alaknanda
B) The Yamuna
C) The Son
D) The Bhagirathi
  • 12. Where does the main stem of the Ganges begin at its confluence?
A) Devprayag, Uttarakhand
B) Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh
C) Haridwar, Uttarakhand
D) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
  • 13. Which river joins the Ganges at Prayagraj?
A) The Son River
B) The Yamuna River
C) The Ghaghara River
D) The Ramganga River
  • 14. What is the largest tributary of the Ganges by discharge?
A) The Kosi River
B) The Ghaghara (Karnali) River
C) The Yamuna River
D) The Son River
  • 15. Which river is the largest distributary of the Brahmaputra?
A) The Padma River
B) The Surma River
C) The Jamuna River
D) The Meghna River
  • 16. What is formed by the confluence of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna rivers?
A) The Bengal Fan
B) The Hooghly River
C) The Ganges Delta
D) The Sundarbans
  • 17. What percentage of its flow is diverted southwards by a feeder canal in West Bengal?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 100%
D) 75%
  • 18. Which river system has the second-largest discharge on earth after the Amazon and Congo?
A) The Nile River System
B) The Ganges–Brahmaputra–Meghna system
C) The Mekong River System
D) The Yangtze River System
  • 19. What is the length of the Ganges River?
A) 2,525 kilometers (1,569 miles)
B) 4,500 kilometers (2,796 miles)
C) 5,000 kilometers (3,107 miles)
D) 3,000 kilometers (1,864 miles)
  • 20. Which of the following cities is not located on the banks of the Ganges?
A) Mumbai
B) Varanasi
C) Patna
D) Kanpur
  • 21. Which critically endangered species is found in the Ganges?
A) Indian elephant
B) South Asian river dolphin
C) Snow leopard
D) Bengal tiger
  • 22. What is the approximate number of fish species found in the Ganges?
A) 200 species
B) 300 species
C) 50 species
D) 140 species
  • 23. What is the name of the Ganges' largest distributary that eventually becomes the Hooghly River?
A) Bhāgirathi-Hooghly
B) Jamuna
C) Padma
D) Meghna
  • 24. Which city is located at the confluence of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers?
A) Varanasi
B) Prayagraj (Allahabad)
C) Kanpur
D) Haridwar
  • 25. Which river joins the Ganges at Farakka, West Bengal?
A) The Yamuna River
B) The Ghaghara River
C) The Son River
D) The Bhāgirathi-Hooghly River
  • 26. What is the approximate length of the Ganges Delta?
A) 400 kilometers (250 miles)
B) 200 kilometers (124 miles)
C) 600 kilometers (373 miles)
D) 800 kilometers (497 miles)
  • 27. Which city is located at the end of the Ganges Delta?
A) Kolkata
B) Sagar Island
C) Dhaka
D) Chittagong
  • 28. Which tectonic plate does the Indian subcontinent lie atop?
A) Eurasian Plate
B) Indian tectonic plate
C) Pacific Plate
D) African Plate
  • 29. The Indian subcontinent was originally part of which supercontinent?
A) Gondwana
B) Pangaea
C) Laurasia
D) Rodinia
  • 30. How long did the northeastward drift of the Indian subcontinent last?
A) One hundred million years
B) Fifty million years
C) Seventy-five million years
D) Thirty million years
  • 31. What is the geological term for the Indo-Gangetic Plain?
A) Canyon
B) Plateau
C) Foredeep or foreland basin
D) Volcanic arc
  • 32. Which ocean was unformed when the Indian subcontinent began its drift?
A) Pacific Ocean
B) Atlantic Ocean
C) Indian Ocean
D) Arctic Ocean
  • 33. What caused the creation of a vast trough south of the emerging Himalayas?
A) Plate movement
B) Meteor impact
C) Volcanic activity
D) Erosion by rivers
  • 34. What geological processes began seventy-five million years ago in the Indian subcontinent?
A) Northeastward drift across the then unformed Indian Ocean
B) Creation of the Indo-Gangetic Plain
C) Formation of the Himalayas
D) Subduction under the Eurasian Plate
  • 35. What is the significance of the Indo-Australian Plate in relation to the Indian subcontinent?
A) It created the Indo-Gangetic Plain
B) It collided with the Eurasian Plate
C) The Indian tectonic plate is a minor plate within it
D) It formed the Himalayas
  • 36. What percentage of the Ganges basin is located in India?
A) About 50%
B) About 80%
C) About 90%
D) About 60%
  • 37. Which mountain range marks the southern boundary of the Ganges basin?
A) The Vindhya range
B) The Aravalli range
C) The Himalayas
D) The Transhimalaya
  • 38. Which peak is not part of the Ganges basin?
A) Kangchenjunga
B) Lhotse
C) K2
D) Mount Everest
  • 39. Which river was the main channel of the Ganges before the late 12th century?
A) The Padma River
B) The Bhagirathi-Hooghly distributary
C) The Jamuna River
D) The Adi Ganga
  • 40. What caused the Teesta River to change course in 1787?
A) An earthquake
B) Drought conditions
C) Human intervention
D) A great flood
  • 41. Which season is responsible for about 84% of the total rainfall in the Ganges basin?
A) The Northeast Monsoon
B) The Southwest Monsoon
C) Winter
D) Summer
  • 42. Which Indian state is not part of the Ganges basin?
A) Uttarakhand
B) West Bengal
C) Kerala
D) Bihar
  • 43. Which river was the main channel of the Ganges before it shifted to the Padma?
A) The Jamuna River
B) The Bhagirathi-Hooghly
C) The Meghna River
D) The Adi Ganga
  • 44. Which peak is the high point of the Ganges basin?
A) Makalu
B) Kangchenjunga
C) Mount Everest
D) Lhotse
  • 45. Which empire used the Ganges as a vital trade artery?
A) The Mauryan Empire
B) The Gupta Empire
C) The British Empire
D) The Mughal Empire
  • 46. Who was the first European traveller to mention the Ganges?
A) Christopher Columbus
B) Marco Polo
C) Vasco da Gama
D) The Greek envoy Megasthenes
  • 47. In which work did Megasthenes mention the Ganges?
A) The Histories
B) Geographia
C) Indica
D) The Odyssey
  • 48. Which nation did the Ganges form the eastern boundary for, as mentioned by Megasthenes?
A) Persia
B) Egypt
C) Gangaridai
D) Rome
  • 49. During which era was the Ganges personified as the goddess Ganga?
A) Vedic Period
B) Classical and Medieval Age (200 BCE – 1500 CE)
C) British Colonial Era
D) Modern Age (1500 – Present)
  • 50. What was established by the Sena dynasty that centered around the riverine heartlands?
A) Mughal Administration
B) Kulinism social structure
C) British Colonial Rule
D) Islamic Caliphate
  • 51. How did the Ganges serve the Delhi Sultanate during its establishment?
A) As a recreational area
B) As a trade route to Europe
C) As both a strategic barrier and a logistics corridor
D) As a primary source of drinking water
  • 52. What was the primary source of tax revenue for the Sultans of Delhi?
A) Tribute from Southeast Asia
B) Trade tariffs on silk
C) Control over the Doab
D) Revenue from mining operations
  • 53. Which city rose to prominence as a major medieval metropolis and capital of the Bengal Sultanate?
A) Haridwar
B) Gauḍa
C) Varanasi
D) Delhi
  • 54. What was constructed by India to desilt the Kolkata port, causing downstream concerns in Bangladesh?
A) Yamuna Flood Control System
B) Farakka Barrage
C) Hooghly River Dam
D) Ganges Canal
  • 55. In the Vedic version of the avatarana, who slays the celestial serpent Vritra?
A) Indra, the Lord of Svarga (Heaven)
B) Shiva
C) Brahma
D) Vishnu
  • 56. In the Vaishnava version, what was the name of the heavenly waters before they became the Ganges?
A) Indrapani
B) Vishnupadi.
C) Apsara
D) Soma
  • 57. Which avatar of Vishnu completes three strides leading to the release of Vishnupadi?
A) Narasimha
B) Vamana.
C) Rama
D) Krishna
  • 58. Who receives the Vishnupadi in Indra's heaven according to the Vaishnava version?
A) Indra
B) Brahma
C) Dhruva, once a steadfast worshipper of Vishnu.
D) Vishnu
  • 59. Through which celestial body does the Ganges flow after being released from heaven?
A) The Milky Way.
B) Andromeda
C) Ursa Major
D) Orion's Belt
  • 60. Who is responsible for taming the Ganges' descent to prevent it from shattering the earth?
A) Brahma
B) Shiva, who receives her in his tangled hair.
C) Vishnu
D) Indra
  • 61. Who disturbs Sage Kapila's meditation leading to the avatarana story?
A) Shiva
B) The sixty thousand sons of King Sagara.
C) Indra
D) Vishnu
  • 62. What happens to the sixty thousand sons of King Sagara when disturbed by Sage Kapila?
A) They are banished from heaven
B) They are turned into stones
C) They are seared with his angry gaze, reduced to ashes.
D) They become celestial beings
  • 63. Where does the Ganges first arrive in the plains according to the avatarana story?
A) At Haridwar.
B) At Ganges Sagar
C) At Prayag
D) In Varanasi
  • 64. From whose foot does Ganga emanate in the avatarana story?
A) Shiva's
B) Indra's
C) Brahma's
D) Vishnu's
  • 65. What is Shiva's title that signifies his relationship with Ganga?
A) Mahadeva
B) Gangadhara
C) Nataraja
D) Trimurti
  • 66. Who does Ganga marry in the Mahabharata?
A) Shantanu
B) Pandu
C) Dhritarashtra
D) Bhishma
  • 67. What does the dwarf attendant carry in Ganga's iconography?
A) A musical instrument.
B) A sacred scripture.
C) A shield and spear.
D) A cosmetic bag.
  • 68. In which century did the purna kumbha become an established feature in Ganga's iconography?
A) By the 9th century.
B) By the 5th century.
C) By the 11th century.
D) By the 7th century.
  • 69. What is a unique feature of some naga sanyasis at Kumbh Mela?
A) Some may not wear any clothes.
B) They only participate in religious discussions
C) They always wear saffron sheets
D) They avoid ritual bathing
  • 70. Who was an advisor to Chandragupta Maurya and included the destruction of dams and levees as a strategy during war?
A) Kautilya (Chanakya)
B) Firuz Shah Tughlaq
C) Megasthenes
D) Shah Jahan
  • 71. Who built an irrigation canal on the Yamuna River in the early 17th century?
A) Kautilya (Chanakya)
B) Shah Jahan
C) Firuz Shah Tughlaq
D) Col. John Russell Colvin
  • 72. Which historian described the Ganges Canal as the largest ever attempted in the world?
A) Col. John Russell Colvin
B) Sir Proby Thomas Cautley
C) Lord Dalhousie
D) Ian Stone
  • 73. What was the length of the main Ganges Canal?
A) 700 km (435 mi)
B) 480 km (300 mi)
C) 240 km (150 mi)
D) 560 km (350 mi)
  • 74. In which year did the construction of the Ganges Canal begin?
A) 1836
B) 1854
C) 1839
D) 1842
  • 75. When was the major barrage at Farakka opened?
A) 30 December 1996
B) 15 August 1969
C) 1 January 1980
D) 21 April 1975
  • 76. Where is the Lav Khush Barrage located?
A) Rishikesh
B) Varanasi
C) Patna
D) Kanpur
  • 77. Which town is popular for river rafting on the Ganges?
A) Rishikesh
B) Prayagraj
C) Haridwar
D) Varanasi
  • 78. What percentage of the upper Gangetic Plain has been degraded or converted to agriculture?
A) 75%
B) 50%
C) More than 95%
D) 85%
  • 79. Where do Bengal tigers survive in the Ganges Delta?
A) Rajasthan desert
B) Sundarbans area
C) Western Ghats
D) Eastern Himalayas
  • 80. What type of ecoregion is nearly extinct in the Sundarbans?
A) Freshwater swamp ecoregion
B) Desert ecoregion
C) Temperate forest ecoregion
D) Tropical rainforest ecoregion
  • 81. Which tree species grows in the Sundarbans area of the Ganges Delta?
A) Teak trees
B) Sundarbands mangroves (Heritiera fomes)
C) Banyan trees
D) Deodar trees
  • 82. Which tree dominates the early seral forest communities in the lower Gangetic Plain?
A) Oak trees
B) Bombax ceiba
C) Pine trees
D) Maple trees
  • 83. How many fish species were recorded in a major study of the Ganges basin from 2007 to 2009?
A) 143
B) 250
C) 100
D) 175
  • 84. Which family follows Cyprinidae in terms of species count in the upper section of the Ganges basin?
A) Balitoridae
B) Clupeidae
C) Sisoridae
D) Schilbeidae
  • 85. Which family is the second most diverse in the middle section of the Ganges basin?
A) Bagridae
B) Cyprinidae
C) Clupeidae
D) Schilbeidae
  • 86. What is one of the primary issues threatening fish species in the Ganges basin?
A) Natural disasters
B) Overfishing
C) Climate change
D) Predation by birds
  • 87. Which fish commonly caught in the Ganges fisheries is a type of catfish?
A) Milkfish (Chanos chanos)
B) Goonch catfish (Bagarius)
C) Rohu (Labeo rohita)
D) Catla (Catla catla)
  • 88. Which crocodilian species is found specifically in the main sections of the Ganges River?
A) Indian black turtle (Melanochelys trijuga)
B) Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus)
C) Gharial (Gavialis gangeticus)
D) Mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris)
  • 89. Which turtle is known as the Indian flapshell turtle?
A) Lissemys punctata
B) Pangshura smithii
C) Morenia petersi
D) Chitra indica
  • 90. Which of these turtles is considered the Indian softshell turtle?
A) Pangshura tecta
B) Nilssonia gangetica
C) Geoclemys hamiltonii
D) Melanochelys trijuga
  • 91. Which species is referred to as the Indian peacock softshell turtle?
A) Pelochelys cantorii
B) Crocodylus palustris
C) Batagur baska
D) Nilssonia hurum
  • 92. Which turtle is known as the Indian black turtle?
A) Morenia petersi
B) Geoclemys hamiltonii
C) Pangshura smithii
D) Melanochelys trijuga
  • 93. Which turtle is called the Brahminy river turtle?
A) Lissemys punctata
B) Nilssonia gangetica
C) Melanochelys trijuga
D) Hardella thurjii
  • 94. Which turtle species is known as the Cantor's giant softshell turtle?
A) Chitra indica
B) Pangshura smithii
C) Pelochelys cantorii
D) Nilssonia gangetica
  • 95. Which of these turtles is the northern river terrapin?
A) B. dhongoka
B) Batagur baska
C) Pangshura tecta
D) Nilssonia hurum
  • 96. Which turtle is referred to as the three-striped roofed turtle?
A) Geoclemys hamiltonii
B) Batagur dhongoka
C) Batagur baska
D) Pangshura tentoria
  • 97. Which turtle is the red-crowned roofed turtle?
A) Chitra indica
B) Melanochelys trijuga
C) Batagur kachuga
D) Pangshura smithii
  • 98. Which turtle is known as the black pond turtle?
A) Geoclemys hamiltonii
B) Morenia petersi
C) Pangshura tecta
D) Hardella thurjii
  • 99. Which turtle is the Indian eyed turtle?
A) Batagur baska
B) Pangshura smithii
C) Lissemys punctata
D) Morenia petersi
  • 100. Which turtle is referred to as the brown roofed turtle?
A) Chitra indica
B) Pangshura smithii
C) Morenia petersi
D) Nilssonia gangetica
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